2020年宁夏新冠疫情期间SARS-CoV-2与常见发热呼吸道病原流行特征比较分析

目的 了解2020年宁夏新冠疫情期间SARS-CoV-2与常见6种发热呼吸道病原的检出情况、流行规律和感染特点,为新冠疫情常态化防控提供理论依据。方法 应用Real time RT-PCR技术对2020年1月20日至2020年2月16日期间宁夏疾病预防控制中心收检的COVID-19筛查样本进行SARS-CoV-2和Flu等常见发热呼吸道病原进行定性检测,并收集各病原阳性患者人口学特征资料。结果 529例COVID-19筛查样本中,SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率为13.23%（70/529）。对COVID-19筛查样本中180份符合条件的FRS病例样本进行6种其他呼吸道病毒病原检测,阳性检出率为12.78%（23/180）,其中检出率较高的病原为Flu和HRSV,阳性率分别为5.00%和2.78%。各时间段内SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率存在两个较为明显的峰值,其他呼吸道病毒总阳性检出率稳中有降。SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率男性和女性差异无统计学意义,41~ 60岁组及60岁以上组阳性率较高,分别为25.00%和24.39%,阳性病例在宁夏五市均有分布,银川市最多;其他呼吸道病原男性检出率显著高于女性,41~ 60岁组阳性率最高,其次为0~20岁组,阳性率分别为33.33%和12.20%,阳性主要集中于银川与中卫两市。结论 在常态下防控新冠疫情的背景下,应加强呼吸道传播病原快速筛查体系的建设以达到精准防控传染病的迫切需求。     

流动人口职业病防治教育现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解流动人口职业病防治教育现状及影响因素。方法 运用SPSS 25.0软件对2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测中的154586名流动人口的相关数据进行分析,主要分析方法有统计描述、χ2检验和二元logistic回归等。结果 154586名流动人口中,51578人接受过职业病防治教育,接受率为33.4%。二元logistic回归分析表明,男性（OR=1.165,95%CI:1.137~1.193）、30～44岁（OR=1.169,95%CI:1.088~1.256）、文化程度高中或中专（OR=1.278,95%CI:1.227~1.330）、在婚（OR=1.172,95%CI:1.134~1.211）、流动原因为经济性质（OR=1.283,95%CI:1.115~1.475）、流入西部地区（OR=1.749,95%CI:1.700~1.799）、有稳定工作（OR=1.071,95%CI:1.016~1.128）、机关或国企或股份联营企业（OR=1.765,95%CI:1.666~1.870）、自评状况为健康（OR=1.479,95%CI:1.363~1.606）的流动人口职业病防治教育接受率较高;未签订劳动合同（OR=0.684,95%CI:0.661~0.708）、未听过“国家基本公共卫生服务项目”（OR=0.231,95%CI:0.225~0.237）的流动人口职业病防治教育接受率较低。结论 流动人口职业病防治教育接受率较低,需加强流动人群职业病防治教育的宣传力度,提高职业病防治教育的覆盖面。     

杭州市部分非医疗机构辐射水平分析

目的 了解杭州市部分非医疗机构辐射防护现状,为相关主管部门制定非医疗机构放射性危害因素监测规划提供依据和参考。方法 采用问卷调查和现场检测相结合的方式对杭州市5家非医疗监测机构的人员防护用品配置及放射源和射线装置的辐射水平进行调查与分析。结果 5家监测机构均已开展个人剂量监测,且个人年剂量当量满足国家相关标准的要求;放射源和射线装置机房周围剂量当量率检测结果均低于检测仪器的最低探测下限;储源状态时,距源容器外表面5 cm 和100 cm处的最大周围剂量当量率值分别为22.2 μSv/h和2.0 μSv/h;源使用状态时,距源容器外表面5 cm 和100 cm处的最大周围剂量当量率值分别为44.3 μSv/h和5.0 μSv/h。结论 正常运行状态下,杭州市部分非医疗监测机构的放射源和射线装置所产生的辐射剂量水平处于低水平状态,但部分距源容器外表面周围剂量当量率值处于较高水平,非医疗机构需提高辐射防护意识,加强辐射管理工作。     

Efficacy and tolerability of anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention in adult patients with moderate-severe allergic asthma

BACKGROUND: Chinese herbal medicine has a long history of human use. A novel herbal formula, anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI), has been shown to be an effective therapy in a murine model of allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy, safety, and immunomodulatory effects of ASHMI treatment in patients with moderate-severe, persistent asthma with prednisone therapy. METHODS: In a double-blind trial, 91 subjects underwent randomization. Forty-five subjects received oral ASHMI capsules and prednisone placebo tablets (ASHMI group) and 46 subjects received oral prednisone tablets and ASHMI placebo capsules (prednisone group) for 4 weeks. Spirometry measurements; symptom scores; side effects; and serum cortisol, cytokine, and IgE levels were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS: Posttreatment lung function was significantly improved in both groups as shown by increased FEV(1) and peak expiratory flow findings (P<.001). The improvement was slightly but significantly greater in the prednisone group (P<.05). Clinical symptom scores, use of beta(2)-bronchodilators, and serum IgE levels were reduced significantly, and to a similar degree in both groups (P<.001). T(H)2 cytokine levels were significantly reduced in both treated groups (P<.001) and were lower in the prednisone-treated group (P<.05). Serum IFN-gamma and cortisol levels were significantly decreased in the prednisone group (P<.001) but significantly increased in the ASHMI group (P<.001). No severe side effects were observed in either group. CONCLUSION: Anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention appears to be a safe and effective alternative medicine for treating asthma. In contrast with prednisone, ASHMI had no adverse effect on adrenal function and had a beneficial effect on T(H)1 and T(H)2 balance.     

侧脑室室管膜囊肿的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断（附10例报告）

目的探讨侧脑室室管膜囊肿的MRI表现。方法回顾性分析10例侧脑室室管膜囊肿患者的临床及MRI影像学资料。结果10例中有明显症状者3例，其余7例症状不明显。MRI表现为侧脑室三角区和／或体部内单发椭圆形囊样病灶，边界清晰、光滑、锐利，信号均匀，在MRI所有序列上均与脑脊液信号相同，5例增强扫描病灶无增强，邻近的脉络丛受压移位。4例合并同侧颞角轻度扩大，1例合并同侧颞角明显扩大。双侧脑室前角无明显扩大。邻近脑实质无水肿带。结论侧脑室室管膜囊肿MRI表现具有一定特征性，为该病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供重要依据。     

软骨组织工程种子细胞的基础和应用研究进展

软骨种子细胞的老化和缺乏是限制软骨组织工程在临床应用的瓶颈问题。本文概述了目前对软骨种子细胞研究的两个方面 :扩大种子细胞的来源及预防和延缓种子细胞功能老化 ,并展望软骨组织工程在监床的应用前景。     

HLA-DPB1 allelic frequency of the Lisu ethnic group in the Southwest China and evolutionary relationship of Lisu with other populations

A sequencing-based typing of human leukocyte antigen-DPB1 (HLA-DPB1) gene was carried out in 37 unrelated healthy individuals from the Yunnan Lisu ethnic minority. A total of 12 DPB1 alleles, in which DPB1*1301 (33.3%), DPB1*0402 (16.6%), DPB1*040101 (13.8%), and DPB1*0501 (11.1%) were highly predominant, were found, and allele DPB1*200102 was found for the first time in a Chinese population. A dendrogram constructed by neighbor-joining method showed that the Lisu ethnic group belongs to East Asian cluster.     

尿毒症患者急性缺氧状态下血清红细胞生成素浓度的变化

７例尿毒症贫血患者在自发急性缺氧状态下，其血清红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）浓度显著提高（平均７倍），且与ＰＯ２呈负相关。缺氧状态纠正后血清ＥＰＯ浓度下降。提示尿毒症贫血患者的ＥＰＯ氧依赖调控系统功能尚存在，但处于不敏感的低调状态。进一步了解其机遇，则可能通过促进内源性ＥＰＯ的生成，有助于悄毒症贫血的治疗。     

人白细胞介素2基因在酵母菌中的表达及发酵研究

将一带有人白细胞的介素2cDNA 的大肠杆菌——酵母菌穿酸质粒转化啤酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8534-8c,再将转化子与另一啤酒酵母 Saccharomyces cervisiae CSH83—L 进行杂交,得到二倍体菌株.同时,还研究了单倍体转化子和二倍体菌株在表达重组白细胞介素2上的差异以及不同培养条件下二倍体菌株的表达情况,确定了合适的发酵条件,并进行了五立升自动发酵罐的发酵研究.