乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检意义初探

目的：探讨开展乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(Sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB)的必要性、可行性、准确性及临床应用价值。方法：对45例临床、B超及钼靶检测腋窝LN阴性的原发乳腺癌患者，术中在原发肿瘤周围注射专利蓝进行腋窝淋巴结切除(SLNB)，随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND)。术中对部分SLN、术后对全部LN行常规病理检查。结果：45例患者中41例检测到SLN，成功率91．1％；假阴性率为6．66％，SLNB总的敏感性是93．3％，特异性是96．1％；总的阳性和阴性预测值分别是93．3％和96．1％。结论：乳腺癌SLNB是一项有实用价值的新技术，目前国内外仍在研究阶段，随着研究的扩大与深入将有可能取代常规的ALND。     

端粒酶反义寡核苷酸对体外培养ACC-M细胞的影响

目的　研究端粒酶反义寡核苷酸 (AS ODN)对体外培养人涎腺高肺转移性腺样囊性癌 (ACC M)细胞的影响。方法　采用细胞形态学观察及PCR TRAP端粒酶活性检测法来观察其形态学和端粒酶活性的变化。结果　反义寡核苷酸在转染ACC M细胞后 72小时内 ,其形态学改变不明显 ,其端粒酶活性明显受到抑制 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　AS ODN可显著抑制ACC M的端粒酶活性 ,提示AS ODN可抑制ACC M细胞的生长 ,抑制效果可能与AS ODN的剂量、转染效率等因素有关。     

乳腺癌术中保护胸前神经对胸大肌功能的意义

目的:提高乳腺癌改良根治术后患侧上肢的运动功能。方法:对1997～2001年间所施行的乳腺癌改良根治术进行回顾性分析,观察两种方法腋窝淋巴结清扫数量,术后患侧胸大肌外缘厚度变化及胸大肌功能,与对照组比较。结果:观察组术后胸肌功能全部良好,胸大肌外缘厚度变化无显著差异(P>0.05),对照组大部分胸肌功能欠佳,胸大肌外缘厚度变化有显著差异(P<0.05),腋窝淋巴结清扫数量两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:保留胸前神经可有效地提高患者术后患侧上肢功能,对手术疗效无不良影响。     

LMP1通过Survivin抑制60Co诱导鼻咽癌细胞凋亡

目的　研究EB病毒编码的潜伏膜蛋白 1(LMP1)介导凋亡抑制蛋白 (Survivin)表达对辐射效应的影响。方法　利用LMP1可调控表达鼻咽癌细胞系 (Tet on LMP1HNE2 )诱导LMP1表达 ,同时 60 Co照射 5Gy ,采用形态学观察、流式细胞术和半胱氨酸蛋白酶 3(Caspase 3)活性检测等方法 ,分析LMP1表达对60 Co诱导鼻咽癌细胞凋亡的影响。用反义Survivin寡核苷酸阻断Survivin表达 ,观察Sur vivin表达阻断对60 Co辐射效应的影响。结果　LMP1表达抑制60 Co诱导鼻咽癌细胞凋亡 ,LMP1表达60 Co照射组形态学和流式细胞术检测凋亡率 (32 .7%± 2 .1% ,6 .3% )明显低于LMP1表达阴性组 (6 6 .0 %± 3.0 % ,2 9.6 % ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;转染Survivin反义寡核酸后细胞凋亡率 (5 9.3%± 3.2 % ,3.0 % )明显高于对照组 (2 6 .0 %± 2 .6 % ,8.6 % ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;同样转染Survivin反义寡核酸组Caspase 3活性 (3.78nmol/ 10 6)高于对照组 (2 .79nmol/ 10 6)。结论　提示LMP1通过介导Survivin表达而抑制60 Co照射诱导凋亡 ,Survivin反义核酸协同辐射诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡 ,Survivin作为增敏放射治疗靶 ,具有潜在的临床意义。     

放射免疫导向手术的研究进展

介绍放射免疫导向手术的基本原理及发展情况，探讨其在胃癌、大肠癌中的应用价值。放射免疫导向手术能有效地检出亚临床病灶，提高胃癌、大肠癌的治愈率。     

The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) Systematic Overview of Radiotherapy for Cancer including a Prospective Survey of Radiotherapy Practice in Sweden 2001--Summary and Conclusions

A systematic assessment of radiotherapy for cancer was conducted by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) and published in 1996. The assessment reviewed the scientific literature up to 1993 on the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of solid tumours, and estimated the costs associated with radiotherapy. It also described the current practise of radiotherapy in Sweden 1992 and compared practise with scientific knowledge. The SBU has now conducted a follow-up study on radiotherapy for cancer, including a review of the scientific literature from 1994 and a prospective survey of radiotherapy practise in Sweden 2001. The following conclusions were drawn: The role of radiotherapy as an important form of treatment for cancer with both curative and palliative intent has been further confirmed.The use of radiotherapy in Sweden has increased and is now at the internationally recommended level.Radiotherapy in Sweden is mostly given in accordance with the scientific evidence but may still be underutilized in certain situations.The resources for radiotherapy are being utilized more efficiently.The costs of radiotherapy are still 5% of the total cost of cancer care, while the cost of an individual treatment (fraction) has decreased.The need for radiotherapy capacity will increase. In addition, half of the treatment equipment will have to be replaced in the next few years.     

EFFECTS OF SeO_2 ON REGULATORY REGIONS p250 OF c-fos GENE

The element selenium was recognized 40 years ago as being essential in the nutrition of animal and humans and it is an essential component of a number of enzymes present in the amino acid selenocysteine (Se-Cys). Selenium has also been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis in both animal models and humans[1]. Supplementing with selenium in diets may reduce the human cancer risk[2]. It has been reported that cell protein kinase cdk2 andprotein kinase C were strongly inhibited by various forms of sel…     

心脏不停跳心内直视手术的临床研究

目的　探讨心脏不停跳心内直视手术的方法和意义。方法　随机选择右心系统的先心病病人 ,各 19例给予浅低温和常规体外循环下心内直视手术 ,对术中、术后的各项指标进行总结分析。结果　全组无手术死亡 ,不停跳组手术时间短 ,术后血流动力学平稳 ,血管活性药物用量少 ,心律失常、心肌酶改变等明显优于停跳组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　该手术时间短 ,心肌的损伤及术后并发症少 ,是先心病的最佳治疗方法之一。     

杀精剂硝苯柳胺合成及药效学研究

目的:合成杀精剂硝苯柳胺,并研究其体内外杀精作用.方法:对杀精剂硝苯柳胺的合成路线和工艺条件进行优化,对产品结构进行分析、检测和成本估算.研究其体内外杀精作用和抗妇科感染作用并观察其毒理学.结果:本品合成路线短,工艺简单,收率高,提纯方便,能耗小,成本低,杀精作用强,无不良反应,遗传毒理试验显示其无"三致"作用.结论:本品有望成为一种安全、高效、廉价、方便的新型避孕药和抗妇科感染剂.     

盐酸乌拉地尔缓释胶囊的制备及体外释放度研究

目的:研制盐酸乌拉地尔缓释胶囊.方法:采用4因素3水平等水平正交试验L9(34)对处方进行筛选和优化,确定最佳处方及制备工艺.体外释放度的测定采用转篮法,以pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液900mL为溶剂,转速50r·min-1,UV法定量测定波长269nm.结果:体外释放度研究结果表明,盐酸乌拉地尔缓释胶囊与对照品的释药特性相似,均符合Higuchi模型动力学释药过程.结论:本法研制的盐酸乌拉地尔缓释胶囊处方合理、工艺可行,体现了缓释制剂的特点.