全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2293942篇 |
免费 | 171364篇 |
国内免费 | 4506篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 31471篇 |
儿科学 | 74863篇 |
妇产科学 | 64533篇 |
基础医学 | 325480篇 |
口腔科学 | 63349篇 |
临床医学 | 205373篇 |
内科学 | 448275篇 |
皮肤病学 | 53294篇 |
神经病学 | 183150篇 |
特种医学 | 89162篇 |
外国民族医学 | 665篇 |
外科学 | 344593篇 |
综合类 | 50122篇 |
现状与发展 | 4篇 |
一般理论 | 723篇 |
预防医学 | 172387篇 |
眼科学 | 52465篇 |
药学 | 171002篇 |
8篇 | |
中国医学 | 5619篇 |
肿瘤学 | 133274篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 17461篇 |
2019年 | 18032篇 |
2018年 | 25670篇 |
2017年 | 19799篇 |
2016年 | 22456篇 |
2015年 | 25213篇 |
2014年 | 35117篇 |
2013年 | 51727篇 |
2012年 | 70435篇 |
2011年 | 74481篇 |
2010年 | 43893篇 |
2009年 | 41624篇 |
2008年 | 68658篇 |
2007年 | 72806篇 |
2006年 | 73826篇 |
2005年 | 70979篇 |
2004年 | 67677篇 |
2003年 | 64843篇 |
2002年 | 62541篇 |
2001年 | 118187篇 |
2000年 | 121286篇 |
1999年 | 101012篇 |
1998年 | 27002篇 |
1997年 | 24146篇 |
1996年 | 24225篇 |
1995年 | 22861篇 |
1994年 | 20851篇 |
1993年 | 19617篇 |
1992年 | 76075篇 |
1991年 | 72910篇 |
1990年 | 70755篇 |
1989年 | 67707篇 |
1988年 | 61824篇 |
1987年 | 60169篇 |
1986年 | 56539篇 |
1985年 | 53507篇 |
1984年 | 39903篇 |
1983年 | 33645篇 |
1982年 | 19602篇 |
1979年 | 35292篇 |
1978年 | 24373篇 |
1977年 | 20974篇 |
1976年 | 19042篇 |
1975年 | 20482篇 |
1974年 | 24287篇 |
1973年 | 23418篇 |
1972年 | 22216篇 |
1971年 | 20468篇 |
1970年 | 19193篇 |
1969年 | 18148篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
M L Schwartzman P Martasek A R Rios R D Levere K Solangi A I Goodman N G Abraham 《Kidney international》1990,37(1):94-99
Cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism in human kidney cortex from several postmortem subjects has been characterized. Using HPLC and GC/MS, four cytochrome P450-arachidonic acid metabolites were tentatively but not unequivocally identified as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHT) and 19- and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, suggesting the involvement of two major cytochrome P450 enzymes, epoxygenase and omega/omega-1 hydroxylases. This pattern of metabolism was similar to that found in rabbit and rat kidneys. The formation of these metabolites was dependent on the presence of NADPH and inhibited by IgG of NADPH-cytochrome P450 (c) reductase. Immunologic studies of renal cytochrome P450 epoxygenase demonstrated that antibodies prepared against human-purified hepatic cytochrome P450 epoxygenase recognized renal enzyme protein and inhibited the enzyme activity by 92%. In contrast, control immunoglobulin did not inhibit renal cytochrome P450 epoxygenase. Antibody inhibition of renal cytochrome P450 epoxygenase demonstrated a degree of conservation of both enzyme proteins between liver and kidney. Antibodies against lauric acid omega/omega-1 hydroxylases (P450 omega) inhibited the formation of omega/omega-1 hydroxylase products, 19- and 20-HETEs. Identical qualitative patterns of arachidonic acid metabolites were observed in all cortical microsomes studied. Interindividual variations were observed in the cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism, and the activities ranged from 0.031 to 5.027 nmol arachidonic acid converted/mg protein/30 min. which is about a 150-fold difference. However, when the specific activities for total cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism were calculated, two separate groups could be distinguished, high and low metabolizers of arachidonic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
992.
1. Effects of a novel imidazoindole derivative on cholinergic function were studied in isolated tissue preparations. 2. The compound demonstrated a dose-dependent (10(-11)-10(-9) potentiation (20-60%) of acetylcholine induced tension in guinea pig ileal tissue. 3. Increases in the size of end-plate potentials and nerve evoked muscle twitches were observed in frog nerve-skeletal muscle preparations. 4. Cholinesterase activity was not inhibited. 5. The results suggest that the compound has actions at the post-synaptic muscarinic receptor complex in smooth muscle and causes pre-synaptic increases in ACh release at the neuromuscular junction. 相似文献
993.
Mortality prognostic factors in chest injury 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1,026 multiple trauma patients (P) were compared to P with chest injuries (PCT) (407). Severity indices were related to type of thoracic injury and mortality. The Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Trauma Score (TS), CHOP, and the Respiratory Index (RI) were used. The mortality rate of P was 27.1% but increased to 32.9% for PCT (p less than 0.05). We noted that mortality rate was highly dependent on major chest trauma: 68.6% for flail chest (FC), 56% for lung contusion (LC), 42.3% for hemothorax (HA), and 38.1% for pneumothorax (PN). ISS and RI scores for PCT survivors were greater than ISS + RI scores for P survivors (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01). ISS values for LC, HA, and PN PCT survivors were greater than the ISS of P survivors (p less than 0.01). Nonsurviving PCTs, especially those with lung contusion, showed a highly significant increase in ISS and RI scores. 相似文献
994.
Effects of hypothermia on testicular ischemia 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
The ischemic effects of prolonged testicular torsion have been well documented; however, prevention or arrest of the damaging effects of prolonged ischemia has been incompletely studied. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to varying lengths of bilateral testicular ischemia. Group I underwent normothermic ischemia for two, four, and six hours. Likewise, Group II underwent similar time periods of ischemia, however, after thirty minutes of normothermic ischemia the scrotum of each animal was placed into an ice bath maintained at 4C. Two weeks postoperatively, bilateral orchiectomy was performed. Histology of the testes of the two groups was compared. Neither group revealed significant destruction of the germinal epithelium after two hours of ischemia. Group I revealed only 25% preservation of the germinal epithelium at four hours and only 8% preservation at six hours of ischemia. In contrast, Group II which received ice showed 90% preservation of germinal epithelium at four hours and 85% preservation at six hours of ischemia. We conclude that external ice application significantly preserves seminiferous tubules at four and six hours of ischemic injury in the rat testicle. 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
Patient history and clinical examination are important for the diagnosis of degenerative joint disease. Here the typical statements of a patient suffering from early osteoarthritis are described and, as far as possible, explained. The joint in question must be systematically examined. Furthermore, the neighboring joints and soft-tissue structures, i.e., muscles, tendons etc., should be examined and evaluated with respect to their importance in hindering the functional chain. The neuroreflectory mechanisms involved herein are described. 相似文献
998.
K Y Mumcuoglu J Miller R Gofin B Adler F Ben-Ishai R Almog D Kafka S Klaus 《Public health reviews》1990,18(4):335-344
BACKGROUND: The aim was to determine the influence of the socioeconomic status of the family and the hygienic practices in the home on the prevalence of head lice infestation in children. METHODS: The study was carried out by analyzing the answers to a standardized epidemiological questionnaire given to parents of school children aged 4-17 in Bet Shemesh, a medium-sized urban town 25 km from Jerusalem. RESULTS: Of 3,000 questionnaires distributed, 958 (31.9%) were completed and returned. The majority of the children (72.4%) had been previously infested with lice. Half of them had other family members, mainly brothers and sisters, who had been infested in the past with lice. In 97.5% of the families the mother was responsible for examining the children for lice, and for carrying out treatment when infestation was present. An association was found between presence of lice infestation and mother's education, age of child, and frequency of shampooing, combing, and examination for lice. There was no association between infestation rates and mother's country of origin, crowding in the home, and the sharing of combs, brushes, hats, scarves, towels, and clothes. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that the incidence of lice infestation depends on the hygienic practices in the home rather than on the socioeconomic status of the family or sharing of personal articles among family members. 相似文献
999.
We report herein, a new method devised of producing neurogenic stress ulceration in rats. An experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was produced in rats by injecting 0.2 ml of arterial blood from other rats into the cisterna magna. Three days later, the rats were laparotomized for 1 hour under ether anesthesia, followed by restraint for 3 hours in wakefulness. The SAH rats were found to develop stress ulcers (UL-I) in the glandular stomach, which were significantly (p less than 0.001) more marked than those in non-SAH rats. Measurements were performed on gastric acid secretion, an important aggressive factor. It was found that the SAH rats undergoing the laparotomy-restraint stress showed a more marked increase in gastric acid secretion and a more marked reduction in MBF, than the non-SAH rats. The effects of bilateral vagotomy, upper abdominal sympathectomy and bilateral adrenalectomy were examined, and it was revealed that the SAH rats were under the condition of hyperreactivity both in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and, on this basis, the laparotomy-restraint stress caused the stress gastric ulceration. In this rat model, the laparotomy stress was applied under anesthesia and any exposure to low temperatures which may have interfered with blood circulation was avoided. 相似文献
1000.
R D Perrone T I Steinman G J Beck C I Skibinski H D Royal M Lawlor L G Hunsicker 《American journal of kidney diseases》1990,16(3):224-235
Assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with inulin is cumbersome and time-consuming. Radioisotopic filtration markers have been studied as filtration markers because they can be used without continuous intravenous (IV) infusion and because analysis is relatively simple. Although the clearances of 99mTc-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), 169Yb-DTPA, and 125I-iothalamate have each been compared with inulin, rarely has the comparability of radioisotopic filtration markers been directly evaluated in the same subject. To this purpose, we determined the renal clearance of inulin administered by continuous infusion and the above radioisotopic filtration markers administered as bolus injections, simultaneously in four subjects with normal renal function and 16 subjects with renal insufficiency. Subjects were studied twice in order to assess within-study and between-study variability. Unlabeled iothalamate was infused during the second half of each study to assess its effect on clearances. We found that renal clearance of 125I-iothalamate and 169Yb-DTPA significantly exceeded clearance of inulin in patients with renal insufficiency, but only by several mL.min-1.1.73m-2. Overestimation of inulin clearance by radioisotopic filtration markers was found in all normal subjects. No differences between markers were found in the coefficient of variation of clearances either between periods on a given study day (within-day variability) or between the two study days (between-day variability). The true test variability between days did not correlate with within-test variability. We conclude that the renal clearance of 99mTc-DTPA, 169Yb-DTPA, or 125I-iothalamate administered as a single IV or subcutaneous injection can be used to accurately measure GFR in subjects with renal insufficiency; use of the single injection technique may overestimate GFR in normal subjects. 相似文献