用逆转录—聚合酶链反应法对类胰岛素生长因子cDNA的扩增

逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法是将PCR方法与逆转录法结合应用,可快速高效地扩增某一基因的全cDNA。类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)在人染色体中只有一个基因,全长超过45kb,并有内含子,其cDNA却只有几百个bp,为了表达得到IGF-I,本文利用RT-PCR方法,从胎肝提出的混合mRNA中,筛选并扩增了IGF-I的cDNA。经过分子克隆与测序,证明不需制备胎肝cDNA库,即可快速获得IGF-I的cDNA。     

Comparison of 180° and 360° acquisition for myocardial perfusion SPECT with compensation for attenuation, detector response, and scatter: Monte Carlo and mathematical observer results

BACKGROUND: The optimal projection data acquisition strategy for myocardial perfusion (MP) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) remains controversial. METHODS: We compared MP SPECT using 180 degrees and 360 degrees projection data obtained with the same acquisition time, reconstructed either with filtered back projection (FBP) or the iterative ordered-subsets expectation maximization (OS-EM) algorithm with various combinations of attenuation, detector response, and scatter compensation using mathematical observers and a myocardial defect detection task. We used Monte Carlo-simulated projection data from a population of 3-dimensional nurbs-based cardiac-torso (NCAT) phantoms with ranges of variability in patient anatomy, organ uptake, defect location, defect size, and noise level based on clinical data. Projection data from 180 degrees and 360 degrees acquisitions were generated by assuming the same acquisition time. After iterative or FBP reconstruction, standard postprocessing methods were applied. For each acquisition and reconstruction method, we optimized the number of iterations and cut-off frequency of the Butterworth filter using the Channelized Hotelling Observer methodology. The optimum set of parameters was that which gave the maximum area under the curve. RESULTS: For both acquisition protocols, OS-EM with compensations provided better performance than FBP or OS-EM without compensation. For FBP, the optimized 180 degrees acquisition provided a statistically significant increase in AUC as compared with optimized 360 degrees acquisition. For OS-EM, the AUCs for 180 degrees were slightly larger than for 360 degrees acquisitions when comparing images reconstructed with the same compensations. However, the differences were smaller and not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: With optimized reconstruction and filtering parameters, 180 degrees acquisition provided a statistically significant improvement over 360 degrees acquisition for FBP reconstruction. However, for OS-EM the differences were small and not statistically significant.     

第2代(温控)射频消融子宫内膜切除术

目的探讨第2代（温度控制）射频消融子宫内膜切除术的疗效、安全性和可行性。方法2004年9月-2006年2月由上海市4家医院联合开展一项多中心、前瞻性研究,完成功能性子宫出血温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术81例。在超声监护下,射频治疗以温度控制模式输出功率50 W、温度设定85℃,按照两侧宫角、宫底、宫体、下段部位顺序射频消融子宫内膜。每个治疗点治疗时间为4 min。结果81例术后随访4-17个月。术后6个月随访70例,其中闭经48.6%（34/70）,点滴状月经41.4%（29/70）,少量月经10%（7/70）,总有效率为100%（70/70）。术后12个月随访67例,其中闭经56.7%（38/67）,点滴状月经29.9%（20/67例）,少量月经9.0%（6/67）,正常月经量3.0%（2/67）,月经量过多1.5%（1/67）,总有效率98.5%（66/67）。结论温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术不仅使患者的异常子宫出血在保留子宫的情况下得到有效的治疗,同时具有操作方便、治疗时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点。     

唇香草中挥发油的理化性质研究

目的：研究维吾尔药唇香草中挥发油成分的理化性质．方法：采用化学检识、薄层层析法(TLC)、紫外光谱法对唇香草中挥发油成分进行定性分析。结果：唇香草挥发油中含有酚类、醛类、内醇类等不饱和化合物，唇香草中挥发油的薄层层析图谱、紫外光谱图具有明显特征。结论：化学检识、TLC、紫外光谱法可作为控制唇香草内在质量的方法，此方法简便、重现性好。     

现代医学200词——138．黏附分子

所谓黏附分子是指存在于细胞表面，参与细胞间或细胞与细胞外基质的粘附的分子群的总称。广义来说，纤维连结蛋白、层粘连蛋白、透明质酸等细胞外基质的构成成分也是由细胞分泌并存在于细胞表面，也可归入黏附分子的范畴。但狭义所指的黏附分子是指贯通细胞膜的糖蛋白或构成细胞膜的糖脂质。膜贯通型糖蛋白黏附分子按其构造特征可分为若干家族。在免疫系统中的黏附分子主要分为整合素家族、免疫球蛋白超家族、选择素家族、钙粘素家族、连接蛋白家族以及唾液粘蛋白家族等。     

射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速复发原因分析

目的：分析阵发性室上性心动过速患者行射频消融术（RFCA）后复发的原因，探讨降低RFCA复发的方法。方法：128例阵发性室上性心动过速患者，行RFCA治疗，术后每3－6个月随访1次，随访4－70个月。结果：128例患者中，复发10例，总复发率7．81％，其中房室结折返性心运过速复发率为7．89％，左侧房室旁路介导心运过速复发率5．56％，右侧旁路介导心动过速复发率16．67％。行射频消融术前70例患者中复发率11．43％，后58例复发率3．45％。结论：精确的靶点标测、熟练的操作技巧以及消融方式的正确运用是降低RFCA复发率的关键。     

PCR-RSSO基础上HLA-Ⅰ、Ⅱ基因分型的研究

目的通过对PCR-DNA技术的分析,探讨人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因分型方法。方法采用PCR反向序列特异性寡核苷酸(polymerase chain reaction-reverse sequence specific oligonucleotide,PCR-RSSO)杂交技术,建立改良半量扩增体系全自动HLA-I、Ⅱ等位基因分型方法,进行了635份血液标本HLA-A、B、C、DR、DQ等位基因分型,其中166份DNA同时采用序列特异性引物技术(PCR-SSP)和手工全量扩增体系PCR-RSSO技术。对全自动半量PCR-RSSO、PCR-SSP、手工PCR-RSSO 3种方法做两两比较。结果全自动半量PCR-RSSO的分型成功率为98.4%(3 124/3 175),PCR-SSP为98.8%(656/664),手工PCR-RSSO为88.3%(733/830)。经χ2检验,全自动半量PCR-RSSO与PCR-SSP的分型成功率无统计学差异,与手工PCR-RSSO有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论PCR-RSSO可识别HLA-Ⅰ,Ⅱ共706个等位基因,覆盖WHO命名委员会2000年公布的936个等位基因的75.43%;对706个HLA等位基因的分型均为中~高分辨率,有分辨纯合子等位基因的能力;易长期保存书面的实验原始资料,即杂交条;具有成本低、劳动强度低、省时和DNA消耗量少等优点。PCR-RSSO适合于造血干细胞移植和建立造血干细胞及脐带血干细胞库的组织配型。     

股骨近端纤维结构不良的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨近端纤维结构不良的手术治疗方式。方法对19例股骨近端纤维结构不良的不同手术治疗方式及术后疗效进行回顾性分析。结果1例术后3d引流管口渗出血清样物质，加强抗感染、营养支持及换药处理后愈合。19例均获随访，时间13—58个月。复查X线片见缺损修复区内有新骨生成改变，骨折处骨愈合；1例术后20个月因外伤致股骨转子下内固定物旁骨折再次手术发现肿瘤复发，行再次刮除植骨内固定术后14个月愈合；除1例未行内固定的病例外，余患者术后患肢功能均得到良好恢复，8—12个月可弃拐行走。结论股骨近端纤维结构不良应积极手术治疗，在彻底刮除病变和充分植骨的基础上，强调内固定的应用。     

Feasibility of establishing cerebral ischemia models by using aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery of piglets Imaging assessment

BACKGROUND: The cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion animal models are used to simulate the human cerebrovascular diseases is one of the popular topics of neurological science recently. To study the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to establish the ideal animal model that is the most similar to the human cerebral ischemia, are the topics that the people generally cared about. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery on the establishment of cerebral ischemia models by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). DESIGN: Repetitive measure animal experiment. SETTING: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory (Provincial Laboratory), Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian Univeristy from January to May 2006. A total of 14 domestic piglets, of 6 months old, weighing 12–15 kg, of either gender, were selected from Animal Experimental Center, Dalian University. Multistar T.O.P digital subtraction angiography machine was provided by Siemens Company, German. METHODS: Aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery was used to establish cerebral ischemia models. And then, Multistar T.O.P. DSA was used for imaging of cerebral vessels before blocking, during blocking and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ischemia perfusion. GE Signa 1.5 T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging was used for DWI examination; in addition, PWI was used based on focal sites and areas. Otherwise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect signal changes of T1WI and T2WI in ischemic areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analytic results of DSA, DWI, PWI and MRI. RESULTS: All 14 experimental piglets were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA: The blood flow of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and its branch were blocked at blocking phase, which restored 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion. ② DWI and PWI: There were no observable abnormalities in PWI and DWI at pre-blocking. Abnormal increased signals were found on both DWI and PWI at during and post-blocking. There were reduction in ADC and rCBF and delay in rTTP at all time points except pre-blocking. ③ MRI: There were no abnormal signals observable at any time of pre- and post-blocking in T1WI and T2WI. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to establish this kind of animal experimental models, and it can simulate the ischemic state; meanwhile, the existence and extent can be showed directly by DSA, DWI, and PWI.     

梗阻性黄疸高危因素分析

目的 :通过探讨梗阻性黄疸临床指征 ,了解其病程中的高危因素。并及时降低并发症及死亡率 ,提高临床疗效。方法 :对我科 1993年— 2 0 0 0年收治的 2 92例梗阻性黄疸病人进行性分析 ,统计年龄、梗阻时间、性质、手术时间 ,入院 2 4小时内测尿素氮 (BUN)、白蛋白 (A)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白细胞 (WBC)、血红素 (HB)、腹水 ,分析其高危因素。结果 :年龄 >6 5岁并发症发生率为2 5 .2 0 % ,病死率 3.2 5 % ;梗阻时间超过 2 0天以上者 ,并发症 2 8.87% ,病死率 5 .15 % ;肝功能Child氏B级、C级者 ,并发症发生率为 2 9.2 0 % ,病死率为 5 .31% ,延期手术并发症发生率为 2 9.4 1% ,病死率为 4 .90 %。结论 :梗阻性黄疸病人年龄越大 ,梗阻时间越长 ,肝功能越差 ,不及时手术是各种并发症发生及病死率增高的高危因素