血液病患者对健康教育需求的调查与分析

目的　探讨血液病患者及家属对健康教育的需求。方法　选择 4 35例患者填写调查问卷 ,同时随机选择 4 35例患者家属进行了解 ,对结果进行处理。结果　患者及家属对健康教育的需求很高 ,主要集中在治疗、自我保健等方面。结论　针对不同患者的个体差异制订不同的健康教育内容 ,提高了护理质量 ,使患者受益 ;增强了护理人员专业素质 ;建立了新型的护患关系。     

Computerized tomography based on DEI refraction information.

Conventional computerized tomography (CT) technique is based on the absorption contrast. In recent years, X-ray phase-contrast CT (PCCT) has been developing rapidly. It uses the phase information to reconstruct the object and provide high contrast and spatial resolution. Diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) method is one of the three phase-sensitive X-ray imaging techniques. DEI method employs an analyzer crystal to extract the object's refraction information which can be used for CT. However, when DEI refraction CT is combined with the conventional CT algorithm, it should be satisfied that the refraction information of an arbitrary point in the object is invariable at every projection view. In this paper, the invariance condition of refraction information is analyzed and two feasible methods are provided for reconstruction. Using these two methods, two samples of weak absorption are reconstructed with the experimental data obtained at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF).     

高分辨MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成分显示的病理对照研究

目的分析和评价高分辨MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不同成分的显示效果,为颈动脉内膜切除术术前判断斑块稳定性提供参考。方法对26例行颈动脉内膜切除术的颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者术前高分辨MRI 4种不同序列的影像(T1WI、T2WI、PDWI和3D TOF)与斑块标本病理进行逐层对照,分析斑块内不同成分的MRI影像特点。结果获得斑块28块,切为238段,主要分布于颈总动脉和颈内动脉,以复杂斑块为特征的Ⅳ～Ⅴ型58段(24.37%)和Ⅵ型79段(33.19%)为主;斑块内纤维帽主要表现为TOF序列的带状低信号,钙化和纤维化组织分别表现为在各序列影像上的不规则低信号和不特定信号,脂质池和坏死核呈T1WI、PDWI和3D TOF序列的等至稍高信号,近期出血表现为T1WI、T2WI和PDWI序列的明显高信号。结论高分辨MRI不仅可以清晰显示动脉粥样硬化斑块,进行动脉管腔狭窄程度的测定,通过多序列影像联合分析还可以分辨斑块内部不同成分,有助于术前对斑块稳定性的判断。     

反应停治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤6例

目的：探讨反应停治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床疗效。方法：对6例难治疗性多发性骨髓瘤应用反应停治疗后的临床资料进行分析，并结合文献复习，为该病的治疗提供一条思路。结果：1例患者达完全缓解；1例患者达部分缓解；1例进步，血清M蛋白减少35％、骨痛明显减轻、血沉降低40％、血红蛋白上升20g／L；2例无效；1例死亡。结论：反应停对多发性骨髓瘤有较好的疗效，不良反应可以耐受且不产生骨髓抑制：抗血管新生是其主要疗效机制。     

Induced abortion in China and the advances of post abortion family planning service

<正>This is a review of current situation of induced abortion and post abortion family planning service in China. Induced abortion is an important issue in reproductive health. This article reviewed the distribution of induced abortion in various time, areas, and population in China, and explored the character, reason, and harm to reproductive health of induced abortion. Furthermore, this article introduces the concept of Quality of Care Program in Family Planning, and discusses how important and necessary it is to introduce Quality of Care Program in Family Planning to China.     

不同剂量环孢素A对肾移植病人精液质量的影响

目的 :探讨不同治疗剂量环孢素A(CsA)对肾移植病人精液主要参数和精子形态学的影响。　方法 :对 18例应用不同治疗剂量CsA的肾移植病人的精液进行主要参数和精子形态学分析 ,并与 12例正常男性精液进行比较。　结果 :CsA剂量在 1.5～ 3.0mg·Kg-1·d-1及 3.1～ 5 .5mg·Kg-1·d-1时 ,病人精液的主要参数与正常男性精液比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但病人正常形态精子百分率与正常男性相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :不同治疗剂量的CsA对肾移植病人的精液主要参数无明显影响 ,但对精子形态可能有一定的影响。     

彩色多普勒超声在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 :应用彩色多普勒超声鉴别精索扭转和急性睾丸炎。　方法 :回顾性分析 13例急性睾丸疼痛病人的彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)表现和治疗情况。　结果 :8例显示睾丸内血流信号稀疏或消失 ,诊断为精索扭转 ,其中 1例手法复位成功 ,7例手术探查并得以证实。其余 5例显示患侧睾丸血流信号丰富 ,诊断为急性睾丸炎或睾丸附睾炎 ,经抗生素治疗后症状好转 ,超声复查显示血流减少。　结论 :CDFI在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要意义 ,可作为急性睾丸疼痛病人的首选检查方法     

阴茎背深静脉包埋术治疗勃起功能障碍5例

目的 :评价阴茎背深静脉包埋术治疗勃起功能障碍 (ED)的疗效。　方法 :对 3例静脉性和 2例动静脉混合性ED病人施行阴茎背深静脉包埋术 ,术后随访疗效。　结果 :术后 2个月首次随访 ,3例静脉性ED病人获得满意性交 ,2例动静脉混合性ED病人基本能勃起 ,口服西地那非 5 0mg后可以完成性交。 5例术后随访 3～ 12个月(平均 7个月 )保持以上疗效。　结论 :阴茎背深静脉包埋术创伤小 ,几乎无并发症 ,是治疗静脉性ED的有效疗法     

动脉自旋标记法磁共振成像在颈动脉狭窄性脑缺血疾病中的初步应用

目的:对比研究颈动脉严重狭窄患者动脉自旋标记法(ASL)和动态磁化率效应对比剂增强(DSC)磁共振脑灌注成像表现,探讨ASL的临床运用价值。材料和方法:健康自愿者12例,行DSC和ASL,计算左侧大脑中动脉供血区与右侧相应区域相对脑血流量(rCBF)比值并进行比较。病例组为单侧颈内动脉狭窄程度≥70％患者32例,计算DSC和ASL所得的患侧与健侧大脑中动脉供血区rCBF比值并进行比较。结果:12例健康自愿者所测的DSC和ASL的rCBF比值分别为1．0012±0．1030和1．0015±0．1611,无统计学差异。32例患者中,15例患者灌注异常,DSC与ASL的rCBF比值相比无显著性差异(P=0．072)。结论:ASL序列能快速无创的提供脑灌注情况,可作为初步了解颈动脉狭窄性脑缺血疾病脑灌注情况的常规检查方法。     

围产儿与儿童胸腺的病理改变

The most outstanding pathological changes of perinatal babies and children, based on the review of the autopsy files in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of West China University of Medical Sciences, are lymphocytic depletion, and reticuloepithelial cell swelling and/or fusiform malformation in the cortex, while in the medulla apoptosis is more prominent. We suppose that these alterations are due to immaturity of cortical thymocytes, and in the diseased condition, they are easily affected by extraordinary factors, especially the influence of corticosterone inducing acute severe necrosis, so the number of lymphocytes are obviously diminished. But, in the medulla, as intact mature lymphocytes exist, physiological phenomenon such as apoptosis is rather prominent in it. While in the medulla, Hassall's corpuscles have various characteristic changes, such as cornification, calcification, fusion, cystic change and disintegration. Besides, we observed a new alteration in the thymus defined as vacuolization. All the above pathological changes reached the peak in the 28- day group; there after, they might become either worse or better according to the condition of the disease and growth of the body. However, these are still problems to be further studied separately.