新冠肺炎疫情背景下医学专业本科生对科研实践的知信行分析

目的  在新冠肺炎疫情背景下，调查某医学院校医学专业本科生对科研的认知、参与科研的意愿以及参与科研的现状，为医学专业本科生的科研实践能力和高校培养医学复合型人才提供参考。方法  采用无记名形式，运用分层整群抽样调查的方式，对某医学院12个专业大学三、四、五年级和本科毕业的学生进行调查。结果  95.79%的学生愿意参与科研活动； 96.84%的学生认为参与科研活动对学习、工作是有帮助的；64.47%的学生认为应该在学习基础课的同时适当培养自己的科研能力。未参与科研的学生主要是因为不了解相关信息与参与渠道，占比65.38%。参与到科研的学生，如参与挑战杯等比赛的学生最多，占比24.47%。结论  该医学院校医学专业本科生对科研有着较强的参与意愿与认知水平，但由于缺乏对科研参与信息与参与渠道的了解以及科研条件，超过一半的学生未参与到科研中。因此，高校应加强对科研活动的宣传工作，加大对这类活动经费的投入，吸引更多的学生参与到科研实践中。     

The effect of combined CJZ3, a lomerizine derivative,with verapamil on P‐glycoprotein efflux function in vitro

In the effort to inhibit P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux function with greater activity and less side effect, the combined effect of pair CJZ3 and verapamil (Ver) was evaluated isobolographically in numerous fixed‐ratio combinations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10 in doxorubicin‐resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/ DOX) cells and in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMEC). The results displayed that mixtures of both drugs at the fixed‐ratios of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10 exerted synergistic interactions, indicating that when the two reversers that bind P‐gp on separated sites were combined, each can contribute to the overall interaction with P‐gp, leading to the greater effect than that given by either agent alone. Drug Dev Res 72: 305–309, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

THSD7A-associated membranous nephropathy in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1

Target antigens in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) include the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA₂R), and in some cases, the thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A). A notable phenomenon is the high rate of cancer (reported to be as high as 20%) in patients with THSD7A-associated MN. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by NF1 gene mutation, and clinically characterized by multiple cutaneous neurofibromas and café-au-lait spots. In this article, we report a patient with NF1 who developed THSD7A-associated MN when the NF1 skin lesions deteriorated. The patient, a 62-year-old male, was referred to us for nephrotic syndrome for 6 months. Physical examination revealed multiple cutaneous nodules throughout the entire body, and the patient noted recent increase in the numbers of these skin lesions. Cutaneous nodules excisional biopsy suggested NF1 and Sanger sequencing using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood revealed a previously reported heterozygous frameshift NF1 mutation (c.1541_1542delAG, p. Gln514fs). Renal biopsy revealed MN and immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed enhanced staining of THSD7A as well as PLA₂R along the glomerular basement membrane whereas the serum level of THSD7A and PLA₂R were both within normal range. The neurofibroma tissues were positive for THSD7A but not for PLA₂R on IHC. The patient did not respond to 6-month treatment with glucocorticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. In this exceptional case, strong positive staining of THSD7A in both skin and renal biopsy samples, together with the temporal association between nephrotic syndrome and skin lesions and lack of treatment response, suggested the possibility that MN could be the result of immune response to THSD7A in NF1. This report may improve understanding of the mechanistic link between MN and cancer.     

Pharyngeal tonsil manifestation of Langerhans cells sarcoma: A case report and review of the literature

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is an extremely rare malignant disease with multi-organ involvement and a poor prognosis. LCS involvement of tonsil has not been previously reported. However, we present herein a 10-year-old Tibetan boy distressed by LCS arising on the pharyngeal tonsil. Owing to local traditions and customs, he endured a long period of treatment with traditional Tibetan medicine which provided only slight relief at best that delayed an accurate diagnosis and scientific medical treatment. Subsequently, based on CT and MRI scans, combined with pathology features positive immunophenotype for the CD1a and S-100 proteins confirmed the diagnosed of LCS. We performed a surgical resection along with a regimen of E-CHOP chemotherapy was prescribed as new protocols. As a result the patient complete remission symptoms and without relapse has been 20 months.     

MicroRNA‐137 promoter methylation in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral mucosal disease, which is generally considered a potentially malignant lesion. To identify efficiently prognostic biomarker, we investigated the microRNA‐137 (miR‐137) promoter methylation in OLP and compared with the samples from healthy volunteers and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 20 OLP and 12 patients with OSCC as well as 10 healthy subjects were subjected to miR‐137 promoter methylation analysis using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). To address the malignancy prediction potential from miR‐137 promoter methylation status, methylation of the p16 gene, a well‐known tumor suppressor, was investigated in the same samples. The p16 methylation and miR‐137 promoter methylation were found to be 25% and 35% in patients with OLP, 50% and 58.3% in patients with OSCC, and 0% and 0% in healthy subjects, respectively. The differences between miR‐137 and p16 methylation levels were statistically significant between healthy controls and patients. Methylation levels of the two promoters were also influenced by age, gender, and lesion duration. Interestingly, aberrant promoter methylation of the p16 and miR‐137 genes was only found in the epithelium but not in the connective tissue from patients with OLP. This raises the possibility to use miR‐137 methylation as a biomarker for malignant prediction in patients with OLP.     

同种输血对食管癌患者一氧化氮生成的影响

目的　探讨同种输血对食管癌手术患者一氧化氮 (NO)生成的影响。方法　食管癌手术患者 18名 ,以输注去白细胞血液的食管癌手术患者为实验对照 ,以 2 0名健康志愿者为正常对照 ,采用硝酸还原酶法检测血清中NO3 -/NO2 -来反映NO生成水平。结果　①食管癌患者的血清中NO3 -/NO2 -浓度与正常人相比无差异。②实验组输血后第 1天与输血前相比血清中NO明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,并显著低于实验对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　食管癌患者围手术期同种输血可导致血清中NO浓度降低 ,而输注去白细胞血液患者血清中NO浓度下降不明显。因此 ,食管癌患者围手术期输注去白细胞血液明显优于输注常规血液