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51.
A commercial modification of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Gonozyme; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens was compared with conventional culturing. Specimens from males and females were collected at a sexually transmitted disease clinic; additional female specimens were collected at an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. EIA sensitivity and specificity for males were 100 and 98.6%, respectively (68 negative, 34 positive, 1 false-positive, and 0 false-negative). EIA sensitivity and specificity for female sexually transmitted disease clinic patients were 74.4 and 95.7%, respectively (66 negative, 29 positive, 3 false-positive, and 10 false-negative) EIA sensitivity and specificity for obstetrics and gynecology clinic patients were 100 and 99.2%, respectively (6 positive, 119 negative, 1 false-positive, and 0 false-negative). In female patients from whom multiple swab specimens were collected, the sequence of specimen collection and subsequent EIA analysis affected sensitivity. 相似文献
52.
The implant design, surgical technique, and pharmacological methods of controlling bleb fibrosis, used to treat neovascular glaucoma, are described, together with the results of 14 operations performed on 12 eyes. 相似文献
53.
Saxe GN Miller A Bartholomew D Hall E Lopez C Kaplow J Koenen KC Bosquet M Allee L Erikson I Moulton S 《The Journal of trauma》2005,59(4):946-953
BACKGROUND: To assess the incidence of and risk factors for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in children with injuries. Numerous studies have documented the increased incidence of PTSD in those initially diagnosed with ASD. PTSD symptoms cause tremendous morbidity and may persist for many years in some children. METHODS: Children hospitalized with one or more injuries were interviewed and assessed with the following: Child Stress Disorders Checklist (CSDC), Family Strains Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Facial Pain Scale. RESULTS: Participants included sixty-five children (ages 7-18 years). The mechanisms of injury varied (e.g. MVC, penetrating). The mean injury severity score was 8.9 +/- 7. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.6 +/- 4.6 days. Altogether, 18 (27.7%) of participants met DSM IV criteria for ASD during their acute hospital stay. Risk factors such as level of family stress, caregiver stress, child's experience of pain, and child's age were predictive of acute stress symptoms. CONCLUSION: We have identified four risk factors of ASD that have implications for the treatment, and possibly, preventative intervention for PTSD. Further investigation and greater understanding of risk factors for ASD in children with injuries may facilitate the design of acute interventions to prevent the long-term negative outcomes of traumatic events. 相似文献
54.
Bartholomew Kay Brendan J. O’Brien Nicholas D. Gill 《Journal of Sports Science and Medicine》2005,4(2):179-184
The effects of two volumes (1.5 L or 3.0 L) of commercially available electrolyte beverage (1.44 mM·L-1 Na+) taken during a 24-hour recovery period post-exercise, on plasma volume (PV) expansion 24-hours post-exercise were assessed. A simple random-order crossover research design was used. Subjects (n = 9 males: age 21 ± 4 years, body mass 80.0 ± 9.0 kg, peak incremental 60-second cycling power output 297 ± 45 W [means ± SD]) completed an identical exercise protocol conducted in hot ambient conditions (35oC, 50% relative humidity) on two occasions; separated by 7-days. On each occasion, subjects received a different volume of 24-hour fluid intake (commercial beverage) in random order. In each case, the fluid was taken in five equal aliquots over 24-hours. PV expansions 24-hours post-exercise were estimated from changes in haemoglobin and haematocrit. Dependent t-testing revealed no significant differences in PV expansions between trials, however a significant expansion with respect to zero was identified in the 3.0 L trial only. Specifically, PV expansions (%) were; 1.5 L trial: (mean ± SE) 2.3 ± 2.0 (not significant with respect to zero), 3.0 L trial: 5.0 ± 2.0 (p < 0.05, with respect to zero). Under the conditions imposed in the current study, ingesting the greater volume of the beverage lead to larger mean PV expansion.
Key Points
- Greater volume of re-hydration beverage is beneficial to mean PV expansion 3-hours post-exercise, however this relationship has not been previously tested under adequate controls over 24-hours to our knowledge.
- This study indicates that under the conditions we imposed, over 24-hours increased volume (1.5 Vs. 3.0 L) of oral re-hydration fluid is associated with increased mean PV expansion.
- Although we used an almost identical exercise stimulus as previous researchers, relative intensity was slightly lower in the current study. Coincidentally, PV expansions noted during this study were approximately half those reported by others.
55.
Knuiman MW James AL Divitini ML Bartholomew HC 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》2005,29(5):412-415
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify potential body size, behavioural and respiratory risk factors for habitual snoring and witnessed apnoeas in a general population. METHODS: Correlates of these conditions were studied in a sample of 3,577 adults aged 25-74 years who participated in a comprehensive health survey in Busselton, Western Australia, during 1994/95. Logistic regression was used to assess associations after age and gender adjustment and also in multivariate models. RESULTS: The prevalence of both conditions was higher in men and rose with age. After controlling for age, gender and body mass index no additional body size variable remained significantly associated with witnessed apnoeas, whereas both waist-hip ratio and neck-height ratio remained significantly associated with habitual snoring. Among behavioural variables, smoking showed the strongest association, and among respiratory symptoms, asthma for habitual snoring and bronchitis for witnessed apnoeas had significant independent associations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study has confirmed obesity and smoking as key determinants of habitual snoring and witnessed apnoeas. It has also shown that a number of measures of obesity are independently related to habitual snoring and that asthma and bronchitis may also play a role, independently of obesity. 相似文献
56.
Kaput J Ordovas JM Ferguson L van Ommen B Rodriguez RL Allen L Ames BN Dawson K German B Krauss R Malyj W Archer MC Barnes S Bartholomew A Birk R van Bladeren P Bradford KJ Brown KH Caetano R Castle D Chadwick R Clarke S Clément K Cooney CA Corella D Manica da Cruz IB Daniel H Duster T Ebbesson SO Elliott R Fairweather-Tait S Felton J Fenech M Finley JW Fogg-Johnson N Gill-Garrison R Gibney MJ Gillies PJ Gustafsson JA Hartman Iv JL He L Hwang JK Jais JP Jang Y Joost H Junien C Kanter M Kibbe WA 《The British journal of nutrition》2005,94(5):623-632
Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene-nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient-genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an increase in global health and wellness by reducing health disparities in developed and developing countries. 相似文献
57.
C. Bartholomew A. K. Butler A. G. Bhaskar N. Jankey 《Postgraduate medical journal》1977,53(617):139-142
Symptomatic disease from Strongyloides stercoralis has been recognized for the first time in Trinidad. Five cases are reported, all showing clinical features suggestive of a sprue-like syndrome. Subtotal jejunal villous atrophy was seen in one case and partial villous atrophy in two. Three patients had laparotomies because of suspected partial intestinal obstruction. A sprue-like syndrome in certain Caribbean immigrants should arouse a suspicion of S. stercoralis. 相似文献
58.
A linear concentration response relationship was found for amylase release from rat pancreatic slices by venom of the scorpion Tityus trinitatis. Maximum release of amylase was caused by 20 μg venom per ml of medium. Acetylcholine, used as a standard stimulant had a maximum effect at 3 × 10?7 M. Atropine partially blocked both venom and acetylcholine induced release of amylase. Nicotine, hexamethonium and tubocurarine did not affect this stimulated amylase release, nor did they alter the non-stimulated (basal) release of amylase. Physostigmine potentiated the venom stimulated amylase release but had no effect on non-stimulated release. These observations suggest that the venom exerts its secretory effect through a cholinergic mechanism which may involve muscarinic receptors. 相似文献
59.
Razvi S Basu A McIntyre EA Wahid ST Bartholomew PH Weaver JU;Queen Elizabeth Hospital Gateshead UK 《Nuclear medicine communications》2004,25(7):675-682
BACKGROUND: Thyrotoxicosis is associated with significant morbidity, therefore adequate control of the disease is paramount. The outcome of treatment of thyrotoxicosis using radioiodine shows variable failure rates depending, amongst other things, on the administered activity of radioiodine and the use of anti-thyroid drugs. Thus, management should follow an evidence based protocol, which has a low failure rate. METHOD: We prospectively analysed the outcome of treatment using our Gateshead protocol of a fixed administered activity of radioiodine therapy (400 MBq) given to 201 patients (including 140 with Graves' disease, 48 with toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG) and 13 with toxic nodule) followed up for a median period of 12 months (range, 6-77 months). Carbimazole was discontinued in patients rendered euthyroid 16 days prior to radioiodine. No routine anti-thyroid drugs or thyroxine were given following radioiodine unless hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis occurred. RESULTS: Following the Gateshead protocol led to a failure rate of 6.5% (eight females with Graves' disease, four females with TMNG and one female with toxic nodule), 29% euthyroidism and 64% hypothyroidism. The rates of hypothyroidism for women and for men were: in Graves' disease 77% and 79%, in TMNG 29% and 75%, in toxic nodule 42% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations show that withholding an antithyroid drug in excess of just over 2 weeks prior to administering a fixed administered activity of radioiodine in patients with thyrotoxicosis leads to the lowest reported failure rate, irrespective of the underlying cause. One possible mechanism for this could be the avoidance of drug induced radio-resistance. 相似文献
60.
People yearn for a return to community, seeking a sense of connection with others. Community in the workplace is increasingly important, because many of us spend more time at work than we do anywhere else! The authors discuss community at work and the stages of formation that true communities experience. Practical helpful strategies for the nurse leader are shared. 相似文献