Role of arachidonoylethanolamine in blood pressure regulation in volume-resistant patients on peritoneal dialysis

In this study we explored the possible role of arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) in regulating blood pressure in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). One hundred and five patients on CAPD were enrolled. Volume status was evaluated by the overhydration (OH) value obtained by bioimpedance analysis. OH?<?2.0?kg was defined as normal volume (NV) and OH????2.0?kg as high volume (HV). Home mean systolic blood pressure <130?mmHg was defined as controlled hypertension (CHT) and ??130?mmHg as uncontrolled hypertension (UHT). The patients were divided into four subgroups: (1) controlled hypertension with normal volume (CHT-NV), (2) controlled hypertension with high volume (CHT-HV), (3) uncontrolled hypertension with normal volume (UHT-NV), and (4) uncontrolled hypertension with high volume (UHT-HV). AEA was measured by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. AEA was significantly higher in the HV group as compared with the NV group (P?<?0.05). In addition, AEA was also significantly higher in the CHT-HV group as compared with the UHT-NV group (P?<?0.05). These results may suggest a compensatory function of AEA and TRPV1 pathway to lower blood pressure during volume expansion in CAPD patients.     

转化生长因子(TGF-β1)mRNA在放射性间质性肺炎中的表达

为探讨ＴＧＦ－β１在放射性间质性肺炎中的意义和作用，揭示其发病机理。方法雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４８只分对照和照射组用６０Ｃｏγ射线照射，吸收剂量３０Ｇｙ，于照后不同时间活杀，取肺组织做常规病理观察和原位杂交。结果照射组大鼠肺组织ＴＧＦ－β１和正常对照组比较表达增高，且以照射后３～６个月（纤维增生期）显著。结论ＴＧＦ－β１可能参与了放射性间质性肺炎的发生发展     

Determination of Fatty Acid Levels in Erythrocyte Membranes of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Abstract

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various systems of whole body. The etiology of CFS remains unclear. Literature reported whether the concentrations of the essential fatty acids in red cell membranes of CFS patients were decreased is controversial. In our study, Forty-two patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Thirty-seven age- and sex-matched controls were selected from healthy medical staffs and volunteers. After lipid analysis, we found that the levels of the arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) were decreased in patients suffered from CFS. However, the levels of the palmitic acid and oleic acid were increased. We speculated that there are two possible mechanisms--one of which is that oxidative stress has led to an excessive oxidation and resulting in the above fatty acids. Alternatively, insufficiency of ingestion of fatty acids might not be the major cause.     

结直肠癌原发灶和正常肠黏膜组织相关差异表达蛋白研究

目的探讨结直肠癌原发灶和正常肠黏膜组织中蛋白质组的表达差异。方法采用双向荧光差异凝胶电泳法(2-DDIGE),对比分析结直肠癌原发灶、癌旁正常肠黏膜组织中蛋白质组的表达差异,经质谱分析鉴定差异蛋白点;采用细胞转染方法,将差异蛋白基因导入结直肠癌细胞,观察细胞生物学行为的改变。结果结直肠癌原发灶与正常肠黏膜组织中蛋白质组分有明显差别。结直肠癌原发灶组织与正常肠黏膜组织比较,差异倍数为1.5倍,差异点数目为60个。共分析了8个差异蛋白点,其中2个蛋白点在原发灶组织中表达下调,6个蛋白点在原发灶组织中表达上调。经质谱鉴定,碳酸酐酶Ⅱ(CAⅡ)、蛋白质二硫键异构酶(PDI)在原发性组织中表达下调,醛缩酶A等在原发灶中表达上调。将CAII cDNA克隆转染结直肠癌细胞后,癌细胞侵袭、趋化运动能力及耐药性均明显降低。结论结直肠癌原发灶和正常肠黏膜蛋白质组表达有显著差异,CAⅡ、PDI表达降低和醛缩酶A表达增强可能与结直肠癌的发生相关。     

HGF/c-Met轴介导EPCs治疗大鼠HPAH的初步实验研究

目的：探讨肝细胞生长因子（hepatocyte growth factor,HGF）/c-Met轴介导内皮祖细胞（endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs）移植入低氧性肺动脉高压（hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension,HPAH）大鼠对大鼠的肺动脉压力和肺血管重构的影响。方法：构建HPAH模型大鼠;大鼠骨髓原代EPCs提取、培养和鉴定;构建c-Met腺病毒并转染EPCs;将大鼠分为c-Met-EPCs细胞组、EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组和正常组,每组10只。前2组大鼠通过尾静脉分别输注c-Met-EPCs细胞和EPCs细胞,后2组大鼠输注生理盐水;饲养一周后检测平均肺动脉压力（mean pulmonary arterial pressure,mPAP）和右心室肥大指数（right ventricle hypertrophy index,RVHI）;透射电镜检测肺动脉超微结构改变,肺组织病理切片观察肺小动脉改变;ELISA法测定血清内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）含量,Griess法测定血清一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）含量。结果：c-Met-EPCs细胞组、EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组和正常组4组大鼠的mPAP值分别为（23.17±3.07）、（30.85±3.15）、（33.55±5.47）、（20.30±1.99） mmHg;RVHI值分别为（32.48±2.38）%、（37.54±4.42）%、（38.53±2.81）%、（26.05±3.05）%;血清ET-1值分别为（69.45±6.32）、（95.76±7.31）、（99.14±8.39）、（62.35±6.06） ng/L;血清NO值分别为（99.63±11.40）、（56.07±3.32）、（48.83±6.56）、（125.50±12.26） μmol/L。EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组大鼠的mPAP、RVHI和血清ET-1含量明显高于正常组（P<0.05）;c-Met-EPCs细胞组较EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组明显降低（P<0.05）。EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组大鼠的血清NO含量明显低于正常组（P<0.05）;c-Met-EPCs细胞组较EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组明显升高（P<0.05）。透射电镜显示EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组肺动脉中膜平滑肌细胞线粒体和内质网肿胀、内皮细胞中断不连续,而c-Met-EPCs细胞肺动脉中膜平滑肌细胞线粒体和内质网肿胀不显著。肺组织病理切片显示EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组肺血管重构明显,而c-Met-EPCs细胞组肺血管重构减轻。结论：HGF/c-Met轴介导内皮祖细胞移植入低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠后可明显降低肺动脉压力和和改善肺血管重构,其机制可能与抑制ET-1释放和促进NO产生有关。     

Relationship between Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse

We investigated the objective coexisting rate of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, and also compared the treatment outcomes in patients who had both conditions, treated by a corrective operation on the basis of a precise preoperative evaluation. We reviewed 97 cases who underwent urodynamic studies and evaluation of the prolapse according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system from among patients who were admitted for treatment of either stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse. A Burch urethropexy, either alone or with a parvaginal repair, was done to correct the stress urinary incontinence, as well as additional operations to correct prolapse of stage II or more. The patients were evaluated postoperatively for the stress urinary incontinence and the degree of prolapse at every visit. Nineteen of 30 (63.3%) patients who were admitted with stress urinary incontinence had a coexisting pelvic organ prolapse, most often of the anterior wall. In 42 of 67 (62.7%) cases admitted with pelvic organ prolapse there was a coexisting stress urinary incontinence. A total of 61 patients who had both conditions were followed for 12 months postoperatively. The recurrence rate of stress urinary incontinence and prolapse (all of which were stage II) was 3.3% and 18.0%, respectively. It was noted that the greater the preoperative stage, the higher the recurrence rate (stage II 4.35%; stage III 25.0%; stage IV 33.6%). The coexisting rates of pelvic organ prolapse in patients having stress urinary incontinence, and stress urinary incontinence in patients having a pelvic organ prolapse, were both high. Therefore, when a preoperative evaluation that simultaneously considers both conditions and the correcting surgery is based on this evaluation, the recurrence rates of both conditions could be lowered.     

电视腹腔镜泌尿外科手术36例报告

目的 :探讨腹腔镜治疗泌尿外科疾病的效果。方法 :应用电视腹腔镜治疗泌尿外科疾病 36例 ,其中肾囊肿去顶术 2 2例 ,肾上腺肿瘤切除 10例 ,肾切除 2例 ,隐睾切除 1例 ,肾错构瘤剜除 1例。结果 :一次手术成功 34例 ,1例肾错构瘤 ,1例肾囊肿术中中转开放术。术后平均住院 6± 4d。结论 :腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿外科疾病安全 ,有效 ,损伤小 ,患者术后康复快 ,疤痕少 ,值得推广 ,但须掌握适应证     

Embryonic development of the internal anal sphincter in rats with anorectal malformations

Background/Purpose

The embryogenesis of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) in anorectal malformations (ARMs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the development of the smooth muscle in the terminus of the digestive tract in normal and abnormal rats.

Methods

Rat embryos with ARMs were generated by administration of ethylenethiourea to pregnant rats. The normal rat embryos and embryos with ARMs from E13.5 to E21 were serially sectioned in the sagittal plane and stained immunohistochemically using specific antibody to α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Temporospatial study was carried out on circular muscle of the distal portion of the hindgut.

Results

α-Smooth muscle actin immunolabeling cells could not be observed in the hindgut on E13.5, E14, and E14.5. On E15, there were α-SMA immunolabeling circular muscle cells in the hindgut; and the distal portion of the circular muscle was not thickened in the normal and ARMs rats. From E16 onward, the smooth muscle with slight dilated terminus, which was characterized by the features of IAS, could be noted in the primitive anorectum. In the normal group, the circular muscle in the distal portion of the hindgut thickened slightly and became the musculature with shutter-like bundles. In the ARMs group, the α-SMA immunolabeling myogenic precursors of the smooth muscle could be observed in the primitive anorectum as well. The musculature was similar to that in the normal group. On E15 and E16, there was no significant difference in the development of the circular muscle in the 2 groups. Moreover, the terminus of the circular muscle in the hindgut did not reach the orificium fistulae in ARMs rats. From E17 onward, in ARMs rats, the funnel-shaped distal hindgut communicated the genitourinary tract with a narrow fistula; the dilated musculature at this portion thinned gradually and formed an acute angled extremity in the ARMs group rather than formed blunt extremity in the normal group; the terminus circular muscle in the dorsal hindgut reached the orificium fistulae. During the following gestational days, the circular muscle of the hindgut in both normal and ARMs rats continued its own tendency.

Conclusion

The IAS primordium started to appear at the terminus of the hindgut on E15 in the 2 groups. The IAS in the ARMs group failed to develop as well as that in the normal group. The IAS dysplasia occurred in the late embryonic development (E17-E21).     

主要组织相容性复合体基因胸腺转移减轻异种移植排斥反应的实验研究

目的探讨主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因胸腺转移减轻异种移植排斥反应的可行性。方法通过分子克隆技术,提取、扩增供体小鼠(Balb/c)的H-2Kd基因(小鼠MHC-Ⅰ类基因),构建表达型载体质粒pCI-H-2Kd。受体选用20只SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组10只。采用超声引导下穿刺和脂质体转染的方法,实验组受体胸腺注射pCI-H-2Kd;对照组受体胸腺注射空pCI-neo载体质粒。两组随即均行小鼠→大鼠耳后心肌移植,观察异种移植排斥反应。结果实验组异种移植心肌的存活时间较对照组明显延长,差异有统计学意义(14.61±2.98dvs.6.40±1.58d,t=-7.619,P0.05);移植心肌病理切片显示:对照组有较多淋巴细胞浸润,移植心肌大部分坏死;实验组无淋巴细胞浸润,尚有较多心肌存活;混合淋巴细胞反应:实验组对供体小鼠反应明显低于对照组(t=4.758,P=0.000);流式细胞学检测:大鼠胸腺细胞表面表达异种MHC分子,转染效率达60.7%。结论 MHC基因胸腺转移可以减轻异种移植排斥反应,为异种移植免疫耐受的实现提供理论和实验依据。