苦参碱对大鼠实验性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

预先口服20、40mg／kg苦参碱能够显著抑制大鼠应激、盐酸、乙醇、消炎痛所致的胃粘膜损伤。40mg／kg苦参碱对不同方法所致胃粘膜损伤抑制率分别为32．7％、48．5％、26．1％、39．6％、31．5％。     

黄芪顺沟平栽技术的研究

在山地和平地通过对直播、沿沟立栽、顺沟平栽3种栽培技术比较，认为黄茂顺沟手栽是现有栽培方法中最优的一种，单产实数平地达1．26km／m_2，山地达0．96km／m_2，同时鲜根长、根粗、根重较其它两种栽培方法有显著或极显著增加，投入产出比平地为1：12．94，山地为1：9.95，是一种科学合理，经济效益明显，适合于山地和平地的栽培黄茂技术。     

Atypical manifestation of prune belly syndrome

Two infants with rare manifestations of the prune belly syndrome are described. Besides the usual features, the first infant had Down syndrome. The second infant had arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, bilateral talipes equinovarus and low set malformed ears.     

角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的临床观察

探讨角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的有效性及影响因素。方法：应用角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜溃疡４４例４４只眼,穿透性角膜移植２９例２９只眼,板层角膜移植１５例１５只眼,３３例为８ｍｍ以上的大植片角膜移植。结果：４１例感染控制并保存了眼球,３２全视力较术前有不同程度提高,１８例获得０．０５以上有用视力,１例穿通性角膜移植术后最佳矫正视力达１．０,１例板层角膜移植术后最佳矫正视力达０．６。３例角膜严重感染者,     

Relationship between Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse

We investigated the objective coexisting rate of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, and also compared the treatment outcomes in patients who had both conditions, treated by a corrective operation on the basis of a precise preoperative evaluation. We reviewed 97 cases who underwent urodynamic studies and evaluation of the prolapse according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system from among patients who were admitted for treatment of either stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse. A Burch urethropexy, either alone or with a parvaginal repair, was done to correct the stress urinary incontinence, as well as additional operations to correct prolapse of stage II or more. The patients were evaluated postoperatively for the stress urinary incontinence and the degree of prolapse at every visit. Nineteen of 30 (63.3%) patients who were admitted with stress urinary incontinence had a coexisting pelvic organ prolapse, most often of the anterior wall. In 42 of 67 (62.7%) cases admitted with pelvic organ prolapse there was a coexisting stress urinary incontinence. A total of 61 patients who had both conditions were followed for 12 months postoperatively. The recurrence rate of stress urinary incontinence and prolapse (all of which were stage II) was 3.3% and 18.0%, respectively. It was noted that the greater the preoperative stage, the higher the recurrence rate (stage II 4.35%; stage III 25.0%; stage IV 33.6%). The coexisting rates of pelvic organ prolapse in patients having stress urinary incontinence, and stress urinary incontinence in patients having a pelvic organ prolapse, were both high. Therefore, when a preoperative evaluation that simultaneously considers both conditions and the correcting surgery is based on this evaluation, the recurrence rates of both conditions could be lowered.     

Budesonide enema in pouchitis--a double-blind, double-dummy, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Pouchitis has been suggested to be a recurrence of ulcerative colitis in a colon-like mucosa. Topical steroids are a valid therapeutic alternative for distal forms of ulcerative colitis. AIM: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of budesonide enema in the treatment of pouchitis compared with oral metronidazole. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with an active episode of pouchitis (defined as a pouchitis disease activity index score >or= 7) and no treatment during the previous month were randomized to receive either budesonide enema (2 mg/100 mL at bedtime) plus placebo tablets or oral metronidazole (0.5 g b.d.) plus placebo enema in a prospective, double-blind, double-dummy, 6-week, controlled trial. RESULTS: Based on the intention-to-treat principle, we detected a significant improvement in disease activity at the end of the first week with both drugs (P < 0.01). After that, improvement was moderated until stabilization at 4 weeks in both treatments. The per protocol analysis showed that both drugs had similar efficacy in terms of disease activity, clinical and endoscopic findings. Fifty-eight per cent and 50% of patients improved (decrease in pouchitis disease activity index >or= 3) with budesonide enema and metronidazole, respectively (odds ratio, 1.4; confidence interval, 0.2-8.9). Adverse effects were observed in 57% of patients given metronidazole and in 25% of patients given budesonide. CONCLUSIONS: Budesonide enemas are an alternative treatment for active pouchitis, with similar efficacy but better tolerability than oral metronidazole.     

Genetic characterization of hantaviruses transmitted by the Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae), Far East Russia

In an epizootiologic survey of 122 rodents captured in Vladivostok, Russia, antibodies positive for hantavirus were found in Apodemus peninsulae (4/70), A. agrarius (1/39), and Clethrionomys rufocanus (1/8). The hantavirus sequences identified in two seropositive A. peninsulae and two patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) from the Primorye region of Far East Russia were designated as Solovey and Primorye, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the Solovey, Primorye, and Amur (obtained through GenBank) sequences were closely related (>92% identity). Solovey and Primorye sequences shared 84% nucleotide identity with the prototype Hantaan 76-118. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated a close relationship between Solovey, Primorye, Amur, and other viruses identified in Russia, China, and Korea. Our findings suggest that the Korean field mouse (A. peninsulae) is the reservoir for a hantavirus that causes HFRS over a vast area of east Asia, including Far East Russia.     

Inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) currents in mouse spermatogenic cells by gossypol, an antifertility compound

Gossypol, a male antifertility compound isolated from cotton, has been proved to inhibit capacitation and the acrosome reaction in human and mammalian sperm. Here, by using whole-cell recording, we observed the effects of gossypol on Ca(2+) and Cl(-) currents in mouse spermatogenic cells obtained by mechanical dissociation. The results showed that gossypol concentration-dependently and irreversibly inhibited T-type Ca(2+) currents in the cells. When the concentration of gossypol was > or =5 microM, the currents were blocked completely. The time to current block was progressively shortened as the gossypol concentration was increased from 5 to 80 microM. Moreover, the drug increased the time constant of inactivation in a concentration-dependent manner, while it did not affect the activation of the current. The inhibitory effect on the T-type Ca(2+) current did not correlate with signaling mediated by G proteins and tyrosine phosphorylation. No obvious effect of gossypol on Cl(-) currents was observed. These data suggest that the gossypol-induced inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) currents could be responsible for the antifertility activity of the compound, indicating a possibility to use gossypol as a local contraceptive drug.     

Long-lasting change in 5-HT2A receptor-mediated behavior in rats after a single footshock

To investigate the long-term functional change in the 5-HT(2A) receptor after acute stress, we examined the effect of single footshock on head shake behavior induced by the 5-HT(2A) receptor agent (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (DOI) in rats. Head shakes were evoked in a dose-dependent manner by 0.1-10 mg/kg of DOI, and the maximal response was attenuated by a single footshock given 24 h before. This suggests that there is a decrease in the number of functionally effective 5-HT(2A) receptors. The single footshock-induced reduction in head shakes evoked by DOI was observed immediately and 24 h after footshock, and lasted until 1 and 2 weeks after footshock. Because there were no changes in the [3H]ketanserin binding of the frontal cortex 1 week after footshock, decreases in head shakes were not due to the down-regulation of 5-HT(2A) receptors evoked by footshock.     

Biomolecular mimicry in the actin cytoskeleton: mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of kabiramide C and related macrolides

This study characterizes the interactions between kabiramide C (KabC) and related macrolides and actin and establishes the mechanisms that underlie their inhibition of actin filament dynamics and cytotoxicity. The G-actin-KabC complex is formed through a two-step binding reaction and is extremely stable and long-lived. Competition-binding studies show that KabC binds to the same site on G-actin as Gelsolin domain 1 and CapG. KabC also binds to protomers within F-actin and results in the severing and capping of the (+) end; these studies suggest that free KabC and related macrolides act as biomimetics of Gelsolin. The G-actin-KabC complex binds to the (+) end of a growing filament, where it functions as a novel, unregulated, (+)-end capper and is largely responsible for the inhibition of motility and cytokinesis in approximately 10 -100 nM KabC-treated cells. KabC and related macrolides are useful probes to study the regulation of the actin filament (+) end and may lead to new therapies to treat diseases of the actin cytoskeleton.