Clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis, and chemosensitivity in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the clinical characteristics, chemosensitivity, and outcome of metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Patients and MethodsRecords of patients with metastatic UTUC since January 2005 were retrieved from a database that included clinical and survival data. Statistical analyses including survival and multivariate analyses of factors were respectively performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 250 consecutive UTUC cases were evaluated. There were 56 patients (22.4%) with initially diagnosed stage IV disease. The most common metastatic sites were lung (39.6%), distant lymph nodes (39.2%), bone (19.6%), liver (18.0%), and adrenal gland (7.2%), respectively, and the local recurrence rate was 10.4%. Two hundred thirteen patients received first-line chemotherapy. The overall response rate was only 28.7% and the median progression-free survival time was only 5.0 months. The overall survival time of the cohort was 18.0 months. Multivariate analyses showed that initially diagnosed stage IV disease, number of metastatic organs ≥3, no response to chemotherapy and cycles of chemotherapy ≤2 were adverse prognosticators for overall survival.ConclusionUTUC presented to be more prone to metastasize than locally recur and thought to have low chemosensitivity. Stage IV disease at initial diagnosis, number of metastatic organs, response and cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognosticators for metastatic UTUC.     

Preparation of Iron Carbon Composite Material by Extracting Iron from Bauxite Residue and Its Adsorption of Heavy Metal Cd(II)

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - An effective method of iron extraction from bauxite residue was explored, and iron was used to prepare iron carbon composite material, which...     

AO动力髁螺钉系统内固定治疗股骨粗隆部骨折

股骨粗隆部骨折在临床上是一种常见病及多发病，尤其是老年人更常见。本病的治疗方法很多，但随着国内外内固定材料的改进和技术的提高，大多数医生倾向于采取手术内固定治疗。我科自1999年1月-2003年1月采用AO动力髁螺钉系统手术治疗股骨粗隆部骨折共16例，疗效满意。     

单片微机化微弱发光测量仪及其在肿瘤研究中的初步应用

单片微机化微弱发光测量仪由中科院生物物理所和北京科龙生物医学技术开发公司研制成功。该仪器适用于肿瘤研究中生物医学样品的微弱发光的测量。测量样品的重复性优于０．８％，稳定性优于０．５％，线性相关系数达０．９９９７，不仅可以进行样品的发光强度测量，还可以进行动力学曲线的测量以及样品发射光谱的测量。光谱在４００ｎｍ－７５０ｎｍ范围内。测量方式可选择手动、半自动和自动计时三种。测量结果表明，荷瘤裸鼠血液微     

补肾中药对老年大鼠脑组织中胆碱能M受体分布的影响

采用受体放射配基结合分析、原位杂交和放射自显影术等方法,研究胆碱能M受体、M1受体mRNA在脑组织中的分布,观察补肾中药对胆碱能M受体的含量、功能及分布的影响,探讨补肾中药延缓脑组织衰老的机理.结果显示:老年大鼠大脑皮层、海马、纹状体中M受体明显减少,放射自显影的灰度值降低,胆碱能M1受体mRNA在老年大鼠纹状体部位的表达减少,在其他部位的不明显.补肾中药明显增加老年大鼠胆碱能M受体的数量,对脑内胆碱能M1受体mRNA转录水平降低的部位有改善作用.补肾中药可通过改善胆碱能M1受体的mRNA表达、增加脑内胆碱能M1受体数量来延缓脑组织衰老.     

反复下体负压暴露对心脏泵血功能的影响

目的　探讨反复下体负压暴露对心脏泵血功能的影响及其与下体负压耐力的关系 .方法　 2 7名男性健康被试者随机分成 3组 ,分别进行 - 5 .33 k Pa 8min(A组 )、- 6 .6 7k Pa4min(B组 )、- 6 .6 7k Pa8m in(C组 )的下体负压锻炼 ,1次· d- 1 ,连续 8d,记录心率及血压 .锻炼前、后测量平卧位心脏泵血功能 .结果　 A组锻炼前后心脏功能各项指标无显著变化 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,B组锻炼后左室射血期 (L VET)、每搏输出量 (SV)、心输出量 (CO)、心指数 (CI)、血管顺应性 (C)分别为 :(2 97± 14) ms,(113± 37) m L,(7.3± 2 .3) L· min- 1 ,(4.2± 1.4) L·min- 1·m- 2 ,(2 .7± 1.0 ) m L·Pa- 1 ,较锻炼前显著增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) .而总外周阻力 (TPR)为 (7.6± 2 .9)L· Pa- 1·cm- 5,较锻炼前显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) .C组锻炼后较锻炼前上述指标变化趋势与 B组相同 ,但未达显著水平 .结论　 - 6 .6 7k Pa反复下体负压暴露可改善心脏泵血功能 ,其可能通过相对提高心水平动脉血压而提高下体负压耐力     

三磷酸腺苷生物荧光液闪测定法检测活细胞计数

为建立一种检测活细胞数的方法,作者采用三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生物荧光液闪测定法检测小鼠纤维瘤细胞株L929.ATP标准曲线工作范围为10 -9～10-5mol/ml,相关系数r=0.9963(P＜0.001);当活细胞数在3×1 02～106个/ml时与发光计数值有良好的线性关系,r=0.9922(P＜0.001),变异系数 CV = 1%～3%.用ATP生物荧光液闪测定法检测活细胞数灵敏、简便、准确、重复性好,用液闪计数仪即可完成测定,有较大的实用价值.     

中药复方962对老龄大鼠皮质胆碱乙酰转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

为研究中药复方 962胶囊对老龄大鼠皮质胆碱乙酰转移酶 (ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AchE)活性的影响 ,将2 2月龄和 2 4月龄Wistar大鼠分为青年对照组、老年模型组、阳性对照脑复康组 ( 0 .56g/kg)、962中剂量组 ( 0 .9g/kg)和 962大剂量组 ( 1 .8g/kg) 5组 ,分别灌胃给药 1～ 2个月后处死大鼠。用Fonnun法和羟胺比色法分别测定 5组大鼠皮质的ChAT和AchE的活性。结果 :中药复方 962大剂量 ( 1 .8g/kg)对老龄大鼠皮质ChAT活性有提高作用 (P <0 .0 5) ,但对AchE无显著影响。提示 :中药复方 962可能通过影响老龄大鼠中枢胆碱能神经系统而改善其衰老的变化     

Perceptions on the influence of cost issues on quality improvement initiatives: a survey of Saudi health care managers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine (i) the cost issues which Saudi health care managers perceive to influence overall quality improvement initiatives, and (ii) the relationship between health care managers' satisfaction with such initiatives and their perceptions regarding the influence of different cost issues on the overall quality improvement initiatives. DESIGN: Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire in August and September 1996 in the Western Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The participants were 236 health care managers of private hospitals. Data was analysed using the chi2 test. RESULTS: Less than one-half of the health care managers surveyed were satisfied with their hospitals' overall quality improvement initiatives. The issue that was rated to have the most influence on such initiatives was the 'cost of malpractice lawsuits' followed by the budget for the quality assurance programme'. The issue that was perceived to have the least influence on overall quality improvement initiatives was 'data on cost allocation'. Of the 17 cost issues included in the study, eight had statistically significant influence on the health care managers' satisfaction with their hospitals' overall quality improvement initiatives. The most statistically significant was the 'measurement of the costs of quality-related actions'.     

胸锁乳突肌应用解剖学研究

了解胸锁乳突肌和副神经的解剖关系及在痉挛性斜颈中的作用,为手术治疗痉挛性斜颈的切口 和方法提供解剖依据。方法：观测活体成人男女各１００名例胸锁乳突肌长度、宽度,标本６５具（男３５具,女３０具） 该肌长、宽和厚度及其周围结构。结果：见乳突尖向胸锁乳突肌前缘４ ｃｍ（上 １／４下 ３／４交点）和向下至后缘５ ｃｍ （上中１／３交点）处连线深面有副神经（８０％±１５％）,该处是切断胸锁乳突肌及其副神经肌支的最佳部位之一。二腹 肌后腹深面为高位结扎切断副神经点,若再向上易伤颈内静脉。在胸锁乳突肌深面的副神经最大横径为（２．３± ０．５）ｍｍ。结论：沿副神经的体表投影线,设计出和投影线相应的手术切口,切断副神经和部分胸锁乳突肌是治疗痉 挛性斜颈的较好部位。