Unrecognised infection in a cystic fibrosis patient

We report a 17-year-old Malay boy with cystic fibrosis who over a 14-month period experienced worsening respiratory symptoms and deteriorating lung function. Burkholderia pseudomallei was eventually isolated from his sputum. He improved clinically following treatment for meliodosis and his lung function returned to normal.     

Prevalence, distribution and correlates of tobacco smoking and chewing in Nepal: a secondary data analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey-2006

Background

In order to improve treatments for cannabis use disorder, a better understanding of factors associated with successful quitting is required.

Method

This study examined differences between successful (n = 87) and unsuccessful (n = 78) cannabis quitters. Participants completed a questionnaire addressing demographic, mental health, and cannabis-related variables, as well as quitting strategies during their most recent quit attempt.

Results

Eighteen strategies derived from cognitive behavioral therapy were entered into a principal components analysis. The analysis yielded four components, representing (1) Stimulus Removal, (2) Motivation Enhancement, (3) (lack of) Distraction, and (4) (lack of) Coping. Between groups comparisons showed that unsuccessful quitters scored significantly higher on Motivation Enhancement and (lack of) Coping. This may indicate that unsuccessful quitters focus on the desire to quit, but do not sufficiently plan strategies for coping. Unsuccessful quitters also had significantly more symptoms of depression and stress; less education; lower exposure to formal treatment; higher day-to-day exposure to other cannabis users; and higher cannabis dependence scores.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that coping, environmental modification, and co-morbid mental health problems may be important factors to emphasize in treatments for cannabis use disorder.     

防治术后高龄肺癌患者心律失常47例

1 临床资料唐都医院胸腔外科自2000-01/2002-01年间共施行高龄肺癌手术216(男167,女49)例,年龄70～82岁,平均年龄75岁.术前心电图异常42例,低氧血症23例,阻塞性和限制性肺通气功能障碍32例.其中行全肺切除15例,肺叶切除163例,肺楔形切除38例.     

Pre-S2抗原在乙肝病毒隐性感染中的地位与应用研究

探讨Pre-S2抗原在乙型肝炎病毒的各类隐性感染中的地位及科研、临床应用价值。以乙肝病毒隐性感染者作为研究对象,采用ELISA法,同时检测感染者的Pre-S2抗原和“乙肝血清标志物(HBV M)”,然后进行各类感染者之间的比较、分析。在乙肝病毒隐性感染者人群中,HBeAg阳性者、HBeAb阳性者的Pre-S2抗原阳性率分别为93．10％、60．00％;“乙肝大三阳”、“小三阳”者的Pre-S2抗原阳性率分别为92．31％、62．50％。Pre-S2抗原在判断乙肝病毒复制、隐性感染者血清的传染性强度方面,有很高使用价值和补缺作用;在判断隐性感染者的发展转化方面,亦有重大参考意义。     

广州地区大学生对转基因食品的认知与态度

目的了解大学生对转基因食品的认知与态度,为大学生的食品健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对广州市1 010名大学生进行问卷调查。结果64.0%的大学生对转基因食品有不同程度的了解;40.1%的学生认为转基因食品营养价值更高;39.9%的学生认为转基因食品有预防疾病、提高免疫力等作用;34.0%的学生认为转基因食品中含有的细菌与病毒等基因会对人体有害;63.5%的学生赞成在中国推出转基因食品,并希望加快发展速度;75.7%的学生认为应制定完善的管理法规,并给转基因食品贴上明确的标签。结论大学生对转基因食品缺乏认知,应加强对大学生转基因食品知识的教育。     

广东省艾滋病病毒职业性暴露应急系统响应情况分析

目的建立艾滋病病毒(HIV)职业性暴露应急系统,分析应急响应情况。方法回顾性收集和分析2002~2004年报告的广东省各地HIV职业性暴露个案。结果2002~2004年共报告152例HIV职业性暴露个案,其中医务人员占74.34%,干警占13.82%。29.61%是皮肤黏膜接触性暴露,70.39%是创伤性暴露。暴露级别中,一级暴露占57.24%,二级暴露占35.53%,三级暴露占7.24%。94.74%的暴露者进行了暴露后应急局部处理。发生暴露后,只有38.16%的暴露者采用了合理的处理方案。104例(68.42%)进行了预防性服药,但其中仅有27.88%(29/104)的人采用合理的服药方案。48例(31.58%)未进行预防性服药,但其中仅有60.42%(29/48)的人是真正无需预防性服药者。92例暴露者经12个月的随访未发现有感染HIV者。结论广东省HIV职业性暴露应急系统能有效地响应全省HIV职业性暴露事件,但仍需加强对职业性暴露后应急处理技术的知识培训。     

The role of fatty acid hydrolase gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease

Background  Recent studies suggest a role for the endocannabinoid system, including fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in intestinal inflammation.
Aim  To analyse FAAH expression and the FAAH 385 C/A (p.Pro129Thr; rs324420) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in-patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Patients and methods  Genomic DNA from 1008 individuals (CD: n  = 435; UC: n  = 167; controls: n  = 406) was analysed for the FAAH 385 C/A SNP. We determined FAAH mRNA expression by quantitative PCR in CD and UC lesions as well as in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).
Results  There were no significant differences regarding the frequency of this SNP in the three study groups (CD, UC, controls). However, CD patients homozygous for the FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism were more likely to develop a severe disease phenotype associated with fistulas ( P  = 0.03, OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.08–8.98) and extra-intestinal manifestations ( P  = 0.005, OR 4.29, CI 1.49–12.35). In UC, homozygous carriers had an earlier disease onset than wild-type carriers ( P  = 0.01). FAAH mRNA expression correlated with IL-8 mRNA expression in CD lesions ( r  = 0.53). However, pro-inflammatory stimuli did not significantly increase FAAH mRNA expression in IECs.
Conclusion  The FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism may modulate the CD phenotype.