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121.
Eric A.J. Bleeker Wim H. de Jong Robert E. Geertsma Monique Groenewold Evelyn H.W. Heugens Marjorie Koers-Jacquemijns Dik van de Meent Jan R. Popma Anton G. Rietveld Susan W.P. Wijnhoven Flemming R. Cassee Agnes G. Oomen 《Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP》2013,65(1):119-125
In recent years, an increasing number of applications and products containing or using nanomaterials have become available. This has raised concerns that some of these materials may introduce new risks for humans or the environment. A clear definition to discriminate nanomaterials from other materials is prerequisite to include provisions for nanomaterials in legislation. In October 2011 the European Commission published the ‘Recommendation on the definition of a nanomaterial’, primarily intended to provide unambiguous criteria to identify materials for which special regulatory provisions might apply, but also to promote consistency on the interpretation of the term ‘nanomaterial’. In this paper, the current status of various regulatory frameworks of the European Union with regard to nanomaterials is described, and major issues relevant for regulation of nanomaterials are discussed. This will contribute to better understanding the implications of the choices policy makers have to make in further regulation of nanomaterials. Potential issues that need to be addressed and areas of research in which science can contribute are indicated. These issues include awareness on situations in which nano-related risks may occur for materials that fall outside the definition, guidance and further development of measurement techniques, and dealing with changes during the life cycle. 相似文献
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Daamen MA Hamers JP Gorgels AP Brunner-la Rocca HP Tan FE van Dieijen-Visser MP Schols JM 《BMC geriatrics》2012,12(1):29
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Heart failure is likely to be particularly prevalent in the nursing home population, but reliable data about the prevalence of heart failure in nursing homes are lacking. Therefore the aims of this study are to investigate (a) the prevalence and management of heart failure in nursing home residents and (b) the relation between heart failure and care dependency as well as heart failure and quality of life in nursing home residents METHODS: Nursing home residents in the southern part of the Netherlands, aged over 65 years and receiving long-term somatic or psychogeriatric care will be included in the study. A panel of two cardiologists and a geriatrician will diagnose heart failure based on data collected from actual clinical examinations (including history, physical examination, ECG, cardiac markers and echocardiography), patient records and questionnaires. Care dependency will be measured using the Care Dependency Scale. To measure the quality of life of the participating residents, the Qualidem will be used for psychogeriatric residents and the SF-12 and VAS for somatic residents. CONCLUSION: The study will provide an insight into the actual prevalence and management of heart failure in nursing home residents as well as their quality of life and care dependency. Trial registration: Dutch trial register NTR2663. 相似文献
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Whole‐body MR angiography: First experiences with the new TimCT technology with single contrast injection 下载免费PDF全文
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Gluconic acid is non-toxic, non-volatile, non-corrosive, and easily biodegradable chemical, which can be produced from biomass using several methods: oxidation by molecular oxygen using heterogeneous catalysis, enzymatic oxidation, and microbial fermentation. Being highly soluble in water, gluconic acid can form concentrated aqueous solutions, and its 50% aqueous solution has found application as a catalytic medium for organic synthesis. For some reactions, gluconic acid aqueous solutions (GAAS) outperform conventional and green solvents when used as media for organic synthesis. GAAS was found to be particularly efficient in the Knoevenagel condensation, the Michael addition, and multicomponent reactions based on them. These and other chemical transformations utilizing GAAS as a medium are discussed in this review. We also compare the effectiveness of GAAS as a new green catalytic medium and the performance of other solvents and catalysts. 相似文献
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Esther van de Vosse Els M. Verhard Anton J. T. Tool Adriëtte W. de Visser Taco W. Kuijpers Pieter S. Hiemstra Jaap T. van Dissel 《Annals of hematology》2011,90(2):151-158
We have analysed a family with nine congenital neutropenia patients in four generations, several of which we have studied
in a long-term follow-up of over 25 years. The patients were mild to severe neutropenic and suffered from various recurrent
bacterial infections. Mutations in the genes ELANE, CSF3R and GFI1 have been reported in patients with autosomal dominant congenital neutropenias. Using a small-scale linkage analysis with
markers around the ELANE, CSF3R, CSF3 and GFI1 genes, we were able to determine that the disease segregated with markers around the ELANE gene. We identified a novel mutation in the ELANE gene in all of the affected family members that was not present in any of the healthy family members. The mutation leads
to an A28S missense mutation in the mature protein. None of these patients developed leukaemia. This is the first truly multigenerational
family with mutations in ELANE as unambiguous cause of severe congenital neutropenia SCN. 相似文献
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