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101.
102.
John S. Pirolo Stephen J. Bresina Lawrence L. Creswell Kent W. Myers Barna A. Szabó Michael W. Vannier Michael K. Pasque 《Annals of biomedical engineering》1993,21(3):199-219
The characterization of regional myocardial stress distribution has been limited by the use of idealized mathematical representations
of biventricular geometry. State-of-the-art computer-aided design and engineering (CAD/CAE) techniques can be used to create
complete, unambiguous mathematical representations (solid models) of complex object geometry that are suitable for a variety
of applications, including stress-strain analyses. We have used advanced CAD/CAE software to create a 3-D solid model of the
biventricular unit using planar geometric data extracted from anex vivo canine heart. Volumetric analysis revealed global volume errors of 4.7%, −1.3%, −1.6%, and −1.1% for the left ventricular
cavity, right ventricular cavity, myocardial wall, and total enclosed volumes, respectively. Model errors for 34 in-plane
area and circumference determinations (mean ±SD) were 5.3±6.7% and 3.8±2.7%. Error analysis suggested that model volume errors
may be due to operator variability. These results demonstrate that solid modeling of theex vivo biventricular unit yields an accurate mathematical representation of myocardial geometry which is suitable for meshing and
subsequent finite element analysis. The use of CAD/CAE solid modeling in the representation of biventricular geometry may
thereby facilitate the characterization of regional myocardial stress distribution. 相似文献
103.
McKenzie BS Corbett AJ Brady JL Dyer CM Strugnell RA Kent SJ Kramer DR Boyle JS Lew AM 《Immunologic research》2001,24(3):225-244
There are no adequate vaccines against some of the new or reemerged infectious scourges such as HIV and TB. They may require
strong and enduring cell-mediated immunity to be elicited. This is quite a task, as the only known basis of protection by
current commercial vaccines is antibody. As DNA or RNA vaccines may induce both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, great
interest has been shown in them. However, doubt remains whether their efficacy will suffice for their clinical realization.
We look at the various tactics to increase the potency of nucleic acid vaccines and divided them broadly under those affecting
delivery and those affecting immune induction. For delivery, we have considered ways of improving uptake and the use of bacterial,
replicon or viral vectors. For immune induction, we considered aspects of immunostimulatory CpG motifs, coinjection of cytokines
or costimulators and alterations of the antigen, its cellular localization and its anatomical localization including the use
of ligand-targeting to lymphoid tissue. We also thought that mucosal application of DNA deserved a separate section. In this
review, we have taken the liberty to discuss these enhancement methods, whenever possible, in the context of the underlying
mechanisms that might argue for or against these strategies. 相似文献
104.
Kent E. Hutchison Vivian M. Stevens Frank L. Collins Jr. 《Journal of behavioral medicine》1996,19(3):307-316
Research has demonstrated that smoking during pregnancy has deleterious effects on the health of the unborn child as well as the mother. The present study examined whether pregnant smokers would have a greater intention to quit smoking, whether the stage of pregnancy would influence the intention to quit, and whether variables which have predicted cessation among pregnant smokers would also predict intention to quit. The results indicated that pregnant women did not have a significantly greater intention to quit smoking compared to nonpregnant smokers, despite the health risks to their child. Women who were further along in their pregnancy and women who smoked more cigarettes on a daily basis demonstrated the least intention to quit. Notably, women in the first trimester showed the greatest intention to quit, suggesting that pregnant women may be most receptive to quitting during their first trimester. 相似文献
105.
Samantha Louey Sonnet S. Jonker George D. Giraud Kent L. Thornburg 《The Journal of physiology》2007,580(2):639-648
Umbilicoplacental embolization (UPE) in sheep has been used to investigate the effects of placental insufficiency on fetal development. However, its specific effects on the heart have been little studied. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of placental insufficiency, induced by UPE, on cardiomyocyte size, maturation and proliferation. Instrumented fetal sheep underwent UPE for either 10 or 20 days. Hearts were collected at 125 ± 1 days (10 day group) or 136 ± 1 days (20 day group) of gestation (term ∼145 days). Cell size, maturational state (as measured by the proportion of binucleated myocytes) and cell cycle activity (as measured by positive staining of cells for Ki-67) were determined in dissociated cardiomyocytes. UPE fetuses were hypoxaemic, but mean arterial pressures were not different from controls. UPE fetuses were lighter than control fetuses (10 days: −21%, P < 0.05; 20 days: −27%, P < 0.01) and had smaller hearts, but heart weight was appropriate for body weight. Neither lengths nor widths were different between control and UPE cardiomyocytes at either age. Ten days of UPE did not significantly alter the proportion of binucleated myocytes or cell cycle activity in either ventricle. However, 20 days of UPE reduced cell cycle activity in both ventricles by ∼70% ( P < 0.05); the proportion of binucleated myocytes was also lower in UPE fetuses at this age (left ventricle: 31.1 ± 12.0 versus 46.0 ± 6.6%, P < 0.05; right ventricle: 29.4 ± 12.3 versus 46.3 ± 5.3%, P < 0.05). It is concluded that in the absence of fetal arterial hypertension, placental insufficiency is associated with substantially depressed growth of the heart through suppressed proliferation and maturation of cardiomyocytes. 相似文献
106.
Ines K. Lauva Eric Brody Eric Tiger Robert L. Kent George Cooper Thomas A. Marino 《Developmental dynamics》1986,177(1):71-80
Previous studies have demonstrated that there is a disproportionate increase in connective tissue in right ventricular myocardium subjected to pressure-overload hypertrophy associated with depressed cardiac contractility. While the myocardium is primarily responsive to load, the aim of the present study was to determine whether catecholamines also modulate the response of myocardial tissue components and cardiocyte organelles in pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Four experimental groups of cats were examined: (1) a sham-operated control group, (2) a group which had their pulmonary arteries banded in order to induce a pressure overload, (3) a group which had been subjected to the same pressure overload, but in addition had β-adrenoceptor blockade produced prior to and during the pressure overloading, and (4) a group which had been subjected to the same pressure overload, but in addition had α-adrenoceptor blockade produced prior to and maintained during the pressure overloading. As in our previous study, there was a significant and equivalent degree of right ventricular hypertrophy in all experimental groups with pressure overload when assessed either as the ratio of right ventricular weight to body weight or as cardiocyte cross-sectional area. At the light microscopic level, the disproportionate increase in the volume density of myocardial connective tissue seen in banded animals was completely prevented by either α- or β-adrenoceptor blockade. At the electron microscopic level, there was a reduction in the mitochondrial and myofibrillar volume fractions following β-adrenoceptor blockade. The results of this study provide evidence for a modulatory role of catecholamines in the control of myocardial connective-tissue proliferation in pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. There is also evidence to support the role of the adrenergic nervous system in regulating cardiocyte subcellular organelles, independent of the regulation of cardiocyte size. 相似文献
107.
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110.
Dayana A. Delgado Meytal Chernoff Lei Huang Lin Tong Lin Chen Farzana Jasmine Justin Shinkle Shelley A. Cole Karin Haack Jack Kent Jason Umans Lyle G. Best Heather Nelson Donald Vander Griend Joseph Graziano Muhammad G. Kibriya Ana Navas-Acien Margaret R. Karagas Habibul Ahsan Brandon L. Pierce 《Environmental health perspectives》2021,129(5)