Trizivir^TM治疗80例HIV／AIDS患者临床研究

目的1．评估Trizivir^TM（AZT＋3TC＋ABC，TZV）治疗中国HIV／AIDS患者的疗效和安全性；2．HIV／AIDS患者的依从性；3．考察中国社区内HIV／AIDS患者服用固定剂量三联片治疗的可行性。方法80例HIV／AIDS患者进入治疗组。是一项单中心、开放式、无对照的临床试验。患者接受36个月的治疗，在治疗1，2，3，4，5，6，9，12，18，24，30和36个月按时到门诊随访。结果57例（71．3％）患者完成36个月治疗随访，23例（28．7％）在治疗过程中因药物不良反应、机会性感染复发、依从性不好或治疗失败而退出。57例治疗36个月后，CD4＋ T淋巴细胞计数平均增加252／μL，93．0％的患者显示病毒载量〈400拷贝／mL。在36个月的治疗期间，有4例患者出现耐药。结论TZV抗病毒效果显著，对于病毒载量〉500000拷贝／mL的患者也有很好的效果，CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数均显示明显增加。TZV不良反应较少，与其他药物的相互作用较少，服用方便，患者服药依从性好，对某些患者尤其有毒瘾者不失为一种可以选用的治疗方案。     

Hemodynamic Effects and Clinical Determinants of Defibrillation Threshold for Transvenous Atrial Defibrillation Using Biatrial Biphasic Shocks in Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation

We assessed the relationship between the hemodynamic changes and shock intensity in transvenous atrial defibrillation for chronic AF. The correlation between the clinical profile and atrial DFT and the factors predicting maintenance of SR after successful defibrillation were also investigated. Atrial defibrillation using entirely transvenoas leads has been investigated as an alternative means of managing patients with AF. However, the hemodynamic consequence of this technique and the clinical factors predicting defibrillation efficacy have not been evaluated. Thirty-seven patients with chronic AF (4 weeks to 60 months) underwent transvenoas atrial defibrillation. Defibrillation was performed by delivering R wave synchronized, biphasic (3/3 ms) shocks with step-up voltages (20–400 V) between defibrillation catheters in the anterolateral right atrium and the distal coronary sinus. Clinical profile of the patients, the DFT, arterial blood pressure, and RH interval during defibrillation and the 6-month recurrence rate were determined. SR was restored in 33 (89%) of 37 patients and the DFT was 3.7 ± 1.4 J (317 ± 58 V). Transvenous atrial defibrillation resulted in a mild reduction in blood pressure (6 ± 10 mmHg), but substantial prolongation of longest postshock RR intervals (507 ± 546 ms), which were significantly related to the shock intensity (r = 0.5, P < 0.001). There was no ventricular proarrhythmia. The patients'age, body weight, duration of AF, left atrial diameter, and ejection fraction were not related to the success of defibrillation, not the 6-month maintenance rate of SR (39%). However, the patients'age was related to DFT. Apart from transient reduction in blood pressure and shock related pauses that may require backup pacing, transvenous biatrial defibrillation was a highly effective and well-tolerated technique. The absence of clinical determinant for successful defibrillation suggests that restoring SR by transvenous atrial defibrillation could be attempted in most patients with chronic AF.     

Hematin and Bilirubin Binding to Human Serum Albumin and Newborn Serum

ABSTRACT. In jaundiced newborn infants, hemolytic disease is considered a risk factor for kernicterus due to the suspected competition between bilirubin and other hemoglobin breakdown products for albumin binding. We have studied the effect of hematin on bilirubin-albumin binding using the peroxidase assay and a light-scattering technique for measuring unbound bilirubin. Our results show that hematin does not affect bilirubin-albumin binding. To determine if other albumin binding functions are affected by hematin, we used a microdialysis rate technique employing two ligands, diazepam and monoacetyldiaminodiphenyl sulfone (MADDS). Hematin does not utilize the diazepam binding function of albumin, but does decrease the albumin binding of MADDS. The results of this study indicate that the MADDS and bilirubin binding functions are not identical. The clinical usefulness of reserve albumin equivalent determination using MADDS is discussed.     

Rectal atresia

Rectal atresia is a rare condition, with a reported incidence of 1-2% of all anorectal anomalies. The extensive list of ingenious operative procedures used for the correction of this malformation is testimony to the great difficulty faced in treating this anomaly. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty using end-to-end anastomosis is a safe, technically well known that achieves this goal.     

Multiple spinal intramedullary cavernous angioma: case report

Spinal cavernous angiomas frequently accompany to cranial cavernous angiomas. Multiple spinal cord cavernous angiomas are very rare and to authors knowledge, only one case has been described having multiple intramedullary cavernous angiomas without cranial involvement until now. In this report, we present a case with acute paraplegia who had thoracic and cervical intramedullary cavernous angiomas and normal cranial magnetic resonance imaging.     

RENAL FUNCTION IN CHRONICALLY CATHETERIZED CONSCIOUS DIABETIC RATS USING CONSTANT AND SERVO-CONTROLLED INFUSION

1. Infusion experiments were performed on chronically catheterized conscious rats to assess kidney function before and after the induction of diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin. 2. Two infusion regimens were used, a conventional constant-infusion protocol and a novel computer-driven, servo-controlled fluid replacement technique. The latter enables body fluid status to be maintained throughout a study occasion by servo-controlled replacement of spontaneous urinary fluid losses. 3. The chronically catheterized conscious rat infused using a servo-controlled system appears to be the optimum model for a study of diabetic renal function. The conscious preparation circumvents problems associated with anaesthesia and acute surgery. The servo-controlled infusion protocol maintains the altered fluid status of the diabetic condition. Both hyperfiltration and polyuria, characteristics of human diabetes often absent in anaesthetized and/or constantly infused diabetic rats, were seen in all conscious servo-controlled diabetic animals. 4. The new regimen enables a more accurate assessment of renal function in experimental diabetes than with previous protocols. It should prove useful in future studies, particularly those assessing the role of anti-diabetic drugs on the kidney.     

HUMAN COLOSTRAL AND BREAST MILK CELLS A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Abstract. Colostrum and breast milk samples were obtained from 74 women, 18 of whom gave sequential samples. The mean total leukocyte count in colostrum was 3190 cells/mm³. Proportions of macrophages, polymorphs and lymphocytes varied widely; macrophages usually predominated. Serial sampling showed (1) a small fall in total counts through delivery, (2) a fall in total counts and the proportion of PMNs at the onset of lactation, (3) after 1 to 2 weeks of lactation the appearance of cytoplasmic fragments together with epithelial cells which later constituted the main cell type. It was estimated that the total number of leukocytes available to the neonate remained approximately constant during the first 2 weeks of lactation and fell thereafter. Functionally, morphologically and histochemically macrophages in colostrum and breast milk resembled macrophages elsewhere. Their ultrastructure was characterised by filiform surface projections, numerous endocytic vacuoles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.