Hematological alterations induced by phenol exposure in Oncorhynchus mykiss

In the present study, the impacts of phenol, a pollutant of inland water habitats, were investigated on Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish (weight?=?300?±?7.5 g, total length?=?18.58?±?3.8 cm) were subjected to 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mg/l of phenol concentration for 8 weeks. At the end of study, blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture by heparinized syringes, and hematological assays were done by standard methods. Red blood cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value decreased after phenol exposure while white blood cells counts showed an increase. The values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were not affected by phenol treatment. Our findings showed that hematological parameters can be used as diagnostic indices to evaluate the health status of O. mykiss after exposure to phenol.     

Narasin poisoning in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Narasin poisoning was reported in 15 camels, 7 adults and 8 young, after accidental access to poultry feed medicated with 60 g narasin per ton. Fourteen camels died between 3 and 20 days, and one young animal survived the dose after developing a chronic course of a disease. The main clinical signs of narasin toxicity in the dromedary include: weakness of hind limbs, lack of coordination, oedema of dependent parts, inappetence, ruminal atony, myoglobinuria, profound depression, tachycardia, sternal recumbency and death. The lesions were mainly in the heart and skeletal muscles and consisted of multifocal degeneration and necrosis of heart and skeletal muscle fibres with areas of regeneration and lung oedema. There was high enzyme activity for creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and an increase in urea concentration and white blood cells, neutrophil and platelet counts. Cardiac markers, troponin T, CK-MB and C-reactive protein, showed slight or no changes terminally.     

Evaluation of the effect of static magnetic field in treatment of tendon injuries in dog

To assess the effect of magnetic field in experimental tendon injuries, ten clinically healthy adult indigenous dogs were divided into two equal groups (control and experimental). The left superficial digital flexor tendon was exposed and three windows of 6 mm thickness, 3 mm length, and 2 mm intervals were made under general anesthesia. In the experimental group, the dogs were subjected to a magnetic field of 6?×?800 G for 30 days. The tendon biopsy was collected from the site of operation on the postoperative day 30. Histomorphological changes indicated low rate of inflammatory cells, high rate of mature fibroblast, and increased normal collagen fibers, and these were better in the experimental group. The biomechanical test revealed that the tendons of the dogs in the experimental group were more resistant than tendons of the dogs in the control group. The result of this study indicated that magnetic field therapy reduced edema and local swelling, enhanced proliferation of fibroblasts, and regulated arrangement of collagen fibers, providing a good noninvasive physical therapy for tendinous injuries.     

Metastatic proximal epithelioid sarcoma in pleural effusion: Cytopathologic findings and differential diagnosis

We present a rare occurrence of metastatic proximal epithelioid sarcoma (PES) in the pleural effusion of a 23‐year‐old man, developed within one year of diagnosis in his gluteal soft tissue. The cytologic and immunoperoxidase findings are described. PES, due to its epithelioid morphology, can be confused with more common cancers in effusions such as adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma. PES is an aggressive neoplasm that differs clinically and pathologically from conventional epithelioid sarcoma. Knowledge of its cytomorphology in serous cavity effusions, a patient's clinical history and ancillary studies may lead to an accurate diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Improving oral healthcare using academic detailing – design of the ADVOCATE Field Studies

Background: Academic detailing (AD) is a defined form of educational outreach that can be deployed to intrinsically motivate practitioners towards improving quality of care. This paper describes the design of the ADVOCATE Field Studies. This proof of concept study aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and usefulness of AD, reinforced with feedback information to promote prevention-oriented, patient-centred and evidence-based oral healthcare delivery by general dental practitioners (GDPs).

Methods: Six groups of GDPs will be recruited; two groups of six to eight GDPs in each of three countries – the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. GDPs will meet for four Academic Detailing Group (ADG) meetings for open discussions using comparative feedback data to stimulate debate about their dental practice performance and care delivery. Group meetings will be moderated using the AD methodology. Qualitative data will be collected through focus group interviews, an online discussion forum, field notes and debriefs of ADG meetings and analysed by conventional content analysis using MaxQDA software.

Discussion: The results of the study will provide novel information on the feasibility, perceived acceptability and usefulness of AD and feedback data for GDPs to improve oral healthcare delivery.     

Immunohistochemical Localization and Distribution of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in the Rabbit Mandibular Condyle Following Experimental Induction of Anterior Disk Displacement

The purpose of the present study was to identify proliferating cells in control versus experimental condyles two weeks following experimental Induction of anterior disk displacement (ADD) in the rabbit craniomandibular joint (CMJ). The right joint of 15 rabbits was exposed surgically and all diskal attachments were severed except for the posterior attachment. The disk was then repositioned anteriorly and sutured to the zygomatic arch. The left joint served as a sham-operated control. Ten additional joints were used as nonoperated controls. Mandibular condyles were excised two weeks following surgery and processed for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining. In control and sham operated condyles, PCNA was localized in the nuclei of chondroblasts of the reserve cell layer, chondrocytes of the upper hypertrophic layer and bone marrow cells of the subchondral bone. In contrast to control joints, the PCNA positive cells of the experimental joints were located throughout the osteoarthritic condylar cartilage. In addition, the percentage of PCNA positive cells of the osteoarthritic condylar cartilage was statistically significantly higher when compared to the control group, p < 0.05. It was concluded that surgical induction of ADD in the rabbit CMJ leads to an increase in mitosis of chondrocytes, which lead to cell proliferation and subsequent hyperplasia of the condylar cartilage.     

Efficacy of closed reduction for nasal fractures in children

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction and the effects of the time of intervention on young patients’ satisfaction. Patients older than 16 years and those with additional maxillofacial fractures were excluded. All patients were treated by closed reduction and external fixation. The patients and parents were asked about their satisfaction in a survey 6 months’ postoperatively. They were divided into groups according to the time of intervention, and the results. Twenty-four patients, age range 4–16 years, with isolated nasal fractures were included in the study. The mean (SD) time before intervention was 5.5 (1.8) days. The first group comprised 16 patients whose fractures were reduced between days 1 and 5 after the injury, and the second the 8 whose fractures were reduced between days 6 and 10. At 6 months 15 of the 24 were satisfied with the result, and 9 were not. In the group treated between days 1–5, 12/16 were happy with the result, and in the group treated between days 6–10, 3/8 were satisfied. Closed reduction gives good results in the treatment of nasal fractures in children. Early intervention increases the rate of satisfaction.     

Pulpotomy in caries-exposed immature permanent molars using calcium-enriched mixture cement or mineral trioxide aggregate: a randomized clinical trial

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 56–63 Objective. To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy treatment using calcium‐enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in carious‐exposed vital immature permanent first molars. Design. Fifty‐one immature molars with clinical carious exposure with symptomatic/asymptomatic pulpitis met the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups (CEM [26 teeth; 59 roots], MTA [25 teeth; 59 roots]). After performing pulpotomy and covering the radicular pulps with the biomaterials, all teeth were permanently restored. Blinded clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 6 and 12 months after operation for signs of success or failure. Radiographs were evaluated for complete/partial apical closure. The data were analysed using chi‐square test and generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. Results. There was no significant difference at the baseline between the two experimental groups. All available cases (49 teeth) showed pulp survival and signs of continuous root development after 12 months. Overall, complete apical closure (apexogenesis) occurred in 76.8% and 73.8% of radiographically interpreted roots in CEM cement and MTA groups, respectively. There was no statistical difference in terms of radiographic outcomes between two groups. Conclusions. Calcium‐enriched mixture cement and MTA showed similar performance in pulpotomy of immature caries‐exposed permanent molars.