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Tone recognition is partially subserved by neural activity in the right frontal and primary auditory cortices. First we determined the brain areas associated with tone perception and recognition. This study then examined how regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in these and other brain regions correlates with the behavioral characteristics of a difficult tone recognition task. rCBF changes were assessed using H2(15)O positron emission tomography. Subtraction procedures were used to localize significant change regions and correlational analyses were applied to determine how response times (RT) predicted rCBF patterns. Twelve trained normal volunteers were studied in three conditions: REST, sensory motor control (SMC) and decision (DEC). The SMC-REST contrast revealed bilateral activation of primary auditory cortices, cerebellum and bilateral inferior frontal gyri. DEC-SMC produced significant clusters in the right middle and inferior frontal gyri, insula and claustrum; the anterior cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor area; the left insula/claustrum; and the left cerebellum. Correlational analyses, RT versus rCBF from DEC scans, showed a positive correlation in right inferior and middle frontal cortex; rCBF in bilateral auditory cortices and cerebellum exhibited significant negative correlations with RT These changes suggest that neural activity in the right frontal, superior temporal and cerebellar regions shifts back and forth in magnitude depending on whether tone recognition RT is relatively fast or slow, during a difficult, accurate assessment.   相似文献   
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本实验对8条犬进行小肠肌电测定,并在记录期间分别静注胆碱能神经阻断剂,阿托品和六甲季胺,以及5-羟色胺(5-HT)M受体阻断剂,灭吐灵,以观察其对红霉素所致肠道副作用的影响。结果发现阿托品和六甲季胺不仅能明显地抑制空腹时正常传播性肌电综合波(MMC)的发生和传播,降低红霉素促进小肠动力的作用,还能减轻红霉素所致饱腹动物的快波数增加,但对呕吐无明显影响。灭吐灵的实验结果显示红霉素的致吐作用是由5-HTM受体介导的,与其促进小肠动力的作用无明显因果关系。  相似文献   
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Studies have shown that sleep disorders are common among dialysis patients; however, few studies have compared the prevalence of different sleep disorders in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). We used questionnaires to assess the prevalence of common sleep disorders in dialysis patients. We compared the prevalence of sleep apnea (SA) risk, restless legs syndrome (RLS), insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), as well as sleep quality, in both groups. Of the 227 patients who were enrolled in the study, the total number of patients on HD was 188 (82%), while the total number of patients on PD was 39 (18%). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, neck size, or duration on dialysis (all P >0.05). The estimated overall prevalence of SA was significantly higher in PD patients in comparison with HD patients (92% and 67%, respectively; P <0.05). The prevalence of insomnia was similar in both groups. The prevalence of RLS was significantly greater in PD than in HD patients (69% and 46%, respectively; P <0.05). In addition, EDS was significantly higher in PD than in HD patients (77% and 37%, respectively; P <0.05). Our study shows that sleep disorders are common in dialysis patients; however, SA, EDS, and RLS were more common in PD patients than in HD patients. Poor sleep quality and insomnia were comparable in both groups.  相似文献   
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The following document is a translation of the first national mental health law of the People''s Republic of China, which was adopted by the National People''s Congress on October 26, 2012. The original Chinese version of the law is available at the official government website: http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2012-10/26/content_2252122.htm. The translation was completed by a team of translators at the Shanghai Mental Health Center at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The translators have added footnotes at the end of the document that explain their choices in sections where alternative translations are possible and that provide background information for sections that may be confusing to readers unfamiliar with China. This translation should be cited as follows:ChenHH, Phillips MR, Cheng H, Chen QQ, Chen XD, Fralick D, Zhang YE, Liu M, Huang J, Bueber M. Mental Health Law of the People''s Republic of China (English translation with annotations). Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry. 2012; 24(6):305-321. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.06.001Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry  相似文献   
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