新吩嗪化合物K3-Ye的分离和结构鉴定

自一株基因工程链霉菌K₃的发酵液中分离得到一吩嗪类新化合物,经光谱数据(UL,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,DEPT)分析,确定其结构为1-吩嗪氧基乙酸甲酯,代号K₃-Ye。经初步测定它有较强的抗核苷转运活性。     

Pancreatic insufficiency: role of CT evaluation

The medical records of all patients discharged over a 3-year period with a diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency were reviewed. In some patients, abdominal radiographs or sonograms provided adequate information. However, computed tomography (CT) was a key diagnostic tool in understanding the cause of pancreatic insufficiency in 11 of the 13 patients in whom it was performed. CT study detected previously undiagnosed carcinoma in one patient, enabled diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in five, confirmed complete surgical removal of the pancreas in two, and--despite optimal use of contrast material and 5-mm contiguous sections--was unable to detect any pancreatic tissue in three patients, suggesting complete idiopathic atrophy. Pancreatic insufficiency is a difficult clinical diagnostic problem. CT scanning should be employed early if abdominal radiographs or sonograms do not detect an abnormality.     

Chronically obstructed sinonasal secretions: observations on T1 and T2 shortening

Clinically assessed chronic proteinacious sinonasal secretions usually have long T1 and T2 relaxation times reflecting their high water content. However, in some cases variable combinations of short and long T1 and T2 relaxation times are found. To study the causes of these findings, the magnetic resonance (MR) images of 41 patients with surgically proved, chronically obstructed sinonasal secretions were studied. The relative signal intensities on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences of the sinus specimens were correlated with the gross viscosity of the specimens at surgery. Ten specimens were collected that were not contaminated with either blood or saline. UV spectrophotometric analysis of four of these samples excluded the presence of methemoglobin. Total protein content was determined in five samples, and in vitro T1 and T2 values were measured in one sample. These T1 and T2 relaxation times were accurately predicted with use of a standard pure lysozyme protein solution with the same concentration as the specimen. In addition, the observed T1- and T2-weighted signal intensities on the 41 MR images were predicted from an analysis of pure protein solutions. This study concludes that the primary causes of the variable T1 and T2 relaxation times of chronic sinonasal secretions are the macromolecular protein concentration, the amount of free water, and the specimen viscosity. Furthermore, an orderly and predictable transition of these signal intensities occurs over time.     

速激肽NK-1受体拮抗剂SR-140333对抗原引起致敏大鼠气道高反应性的影响

为观察速激肽ＮＫ１受体拮抗剂ＳＲ１４０３３３对抗原攻击引起的致敏大鼠气道高反应性的影响，测定了致敏大鼠在抗原攻击前后的基础呼吸频率，对ＭＣｈ的反应性及支气管肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞数量。实验结果显示，致敏大鼠吸入ＯＡ后６ｈ基础呼吸频率增加，并显著增加乙酰甲胆碱（ＭＣｈ）的反应性、ＭＣｈ的－ｌｏｇＰＣ３０值和支气管肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞数量。ｉｐ速激肽ＮＫ１受体拮抗剂ＳＲ１４０３３３（０１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）或地塞米松（０５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１），可明显抑制上述反应，小剂量ＳＲ１４０３３３（００１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）仅有部分抑制作用。结果提示抗原攻击可引起致敏大鼠气道高反应性和气道炎症，速激肽ＮＫ１受体拮抗剂可抑制这些反应     

Traumatic intratendinous flexor digitorum profundus rupture: A case report

Intratendinous ruptures of a flexor digitorum profundus tendon are rare in patients who do not have rheumatoid arthritis. A case of a patient with no history of autoimmune disease who suffered a traumatic rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon to the ring finger in the mid-palm is reported.     

速激肽NK-1受体拮抗剂SR-140333对抗原引起致敏大鼠气道高反应性的影响

为观察速激肽NK-1受体拮抗剂SR-140333对抗原攻击引起的致敏大鼠气道高反应性的影响,测定了致敏大鼠在抗原攻击前后的基础呼吸频率,对MCh的反应性及支气管-肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞数量。实验结果显示,致敏大鼠吸入OA后6h基础呼吸频率增加,并显著增加乙酰甲胆碱(MCh)的反应性、MCh的-logPC₃₀值和支气管-肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞数量。ip速激肽NK-1受体拮抗剂SR-140333(0.1mg·kg^-1)或地塞米松(0.5mg·kg^-1),可明显抑制上述反应,小剂量SR-140333(0.01mg·kg^-1)仅有部分抑制作用。结果提示抗原攻击可引起致敏大鼠气道高反应性和气道炎症,速激肽NK-1受体拮抗剂可抑制这些反应。     

In vitro dissolution of gallstones with MTBE: correlation with characteristics at CT and MR imaging

The authors undertook a study to determine whether in vitro computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could enable the prediction of the outcome of gallstone dissolution with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). In vitro CT and MR images were obtained of gallstones removed at surgery from 40 and 30 patients, respectively. The patterns of the gallstones seen on CT scans were categorized as dense, moderately dense, faint, isodense, rimmed, and laminated. Gallstones were categorized by maximal signal intensities seen on T1-weighted MR images. After imaging, gallstones underwent in vitro MTBE dissolution. CT appearances correlated well with dissolution rates. Greatest weight change was noted in gallstones with homogeneously faint and isodense patterns, and least weight change was seen in stones with a homogeneously dense pattern. Rimmed and laminated stones with foci of high attenuation dissolved significantly to 5% or less of the original weight, a finding indicating that such foci do not preclude dissolution. Dissolution rates correlated with attenuation values of homogeneous stones (r = .8) and of the rim portion of rimmed stones (r = .8). No correlation was found between T1-weighted signal intensities on MR images and MTBE dissolution rates.     

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty: initial and long-term results

Renal artery stenosis in 201 patients with hypertension was treated with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA). A total of 213 procedures were performed as treatment of 262 separate stenosis. The stenosis was caused by atherosclerosis in 134 cases and by fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in 52 cases; the cause was indeterminate in 27 cases. Of the 213 procedures, 172 were successful or resulted in improvement, for a technical success rate of 80.8%. The initial clinical results could be evaluated in 210 cases; cure or improvement was achieved in 80%. There were 23 cases in which neither technical nor clinical success was achieved. Data on the remaining 187 cases were the basis of this long-term follow-up study. The cumulative patency rate at 5 years was 80% in the atherosclerosis group, 89% in the FMD group, and 74% in the indeterminate group. The mortality was less than 1%. Because spasm occurred in 33 cases, causing an infarction in ten instances, antispasmodic medication seems warranted. These long-term results indicate that PTRA is the treatment of choice in patients with renovascular hypertension.     

US location of the adductor canal hiatus: morphologic study

In the lower extremities, the adductor canal hiatus is a site of predilection for arterial stenoses and occlusions. The high incidence of vascular disease in this region is thought to be due to a local factor. To gain more insight into the mechanisms leading to such disease, the authors used ultrasound to locate the adductor canal hiatus in dissecting room preparations and in healthy volunteers.     

Fetal rhombencephalon: normal US findings

Using ultrasound (US), the authors examined 25 embryos that were 8-10 menstrual weeks old for gestational age and the presence of a small cystic structure (3-4 mm) in the posterior aspect of the cranium. This structure was seen in all embryos. The US images of an in vitro embryo at 8 weeks menstrual age were also evaluated for anatomic correlation. Analysis of these US images determined that the cystic structure was the open rhombencephalon or hindbrain. Follow-up US studies or postpartum clinical examinations of the 25 in utero embryos demonstrated no abnormal posterior cranial cystic structures or neurologic deficits. This first-trimester structure should be considered a normal finding, since it develops into the normally proportioned fourth ventricle after the 11th menstrual week.