关于中药四性物质基础研究技术路线的讨论

认为进行中药四性物质基础研究可按如下技术路线开展工作。文献研究(系统梳理中药四性理论体系,科学界定中药四性属性)→药材基源性状研究(界定标准药材,探寻与四性属性相关的因素及其规律性)→成分系统分析(明确个药基础物质成分)→成分种类、数量、存在形式研究(寻找基础物质成分种类、数量、存在形式与四性属性的相关性规律)→组合药靶模型作用机制分析(以功效相近、四性属性相同的药物组成一类药组,针对主要功效选取观察靶点,制备药靶模型,研究与四性属性可能相关的基础成分作用机制)→数据处理→文献研究(分析评价药性界定依据)→模型验证(评价药性界定依据的科学性)。     

借鉴美国的先进经验发展中国的卫生保健体系

〔目的〕学习和借鉴美国旅行卫生保健体系的经验,促进我国旅行卫生保健事业的发展。〔方法〕通过在华盛顿大学卫生保健中主的学习,对美国旅行卫生保健体系的结构、职能和特点进行研究,并对中国旅行卫生保健事业的进一步发展提出建议。〔结果〕在美国,旅行卫生保健属于初级卫生保健的范畴。其在设置机构时,需按照国家规定的标准经过严格的资质认证。卫生保健机构的职能主要包括:预防保健、免疫接种、安全行为保健、普通疾病的诊断、伤害的评估与治疗、旅行者旅行前的健康评估和拟定接种计划、旅途中的健康提示等;在医务人员配备上,重视业务素质和继续教育;人性化的环境布置和服务是美国卫生保健机构的突出特点;工作流程井然有序,有始有终。〔结论〕中国旅行卫生保健工作在制度管理、学术研究、队伍素质、信息化建设、服务理念方面存在着很大的差距,应尽快改进。     

p53 Codon 72 polymorphism predicts the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have highlighted that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism plays a crucial role in modulating wild-type p53 apoptotic capacity, and as such may influence the response to chemotherapy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the p53 codon 72 polymorphism might influence pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: One hundred and ten operable breast cancer patients received anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and p53 codon 72 polymorphism status was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The distribution of initial clinical stage, tumor size, estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status, menopausal status, or erbB2 expression was not significantly different among the polymorphic variants. However, we found that only 13% (3 of 23) of patients with the Pro/Pro variant had a good pathologic response, defined as a complete pathologic response or minimal residual disease. In comparison, 40% (22 of 55) or 37.5% (12 of 32) of patients with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant had a good pathologic response (P = 0.019). Moreover, patients with the Pro/Pro variant were more likely to have a positive axillary lymph node status than those with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant (P = 0.007). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, p53 codon 72 polymorphism was found to be a strong predictor of pathologic response (odds ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.4-31.2; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that breast cancer patients with the Pro/Pro variant may be less sensitive to anthracycline-based treatment than those with the Pro/Arg or Arg/Arg variant and suggests that analysis of p53 codon 72 polymorphism may provide a simple predictive marker for selecting the right breast cancer patients to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical setting.     

鸢尾异黄酮提取工艺研究及含量测定

目的:研究鸢尾中异黄酮的提取工艺及含量测定方法.方法:采用正交试验进行优选,考察乙醇用量、乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间等因素对异黄酮得率的影响,并采用紫外分光光度法测定其含量.结果:乙醇用量和提取次数是主要的影响因素.鸢尾最佳提取工艺为药材粉碎为20目,加入10倍量80%的乙醇于85℃重复提取2次,每次1 h.结论:本提取工艺可行;紫外分光光度法简单、快速、准确.     

甘肃产当归的商品规格与其阿魏酸含量的相关性初探

采用高效液相色谱法测定不同商品规格的甘肃产当归中阿魏酸含量,对当归的商品规格与阿魏酸含量的关系进行初步探索.结果表明:当归的商品规格等级高低与阿魏酸含量之间无明显相关性.     

柿叶黄酮抑制LDL刺激的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的:观察柿叶黄酮对低密度脂蛋白(LDL)刺激时离体大鼠胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响.方法:体外培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞,LDL刺激时,应用不同剂量的柿叶黄酮作用24 h后,采用MTS/PES法确定血管平滑肌细胞的增殖状态.结果:与对照组相比,LDL可以明显刺激大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的增殖,柿叶黄酮对LDL刺激下的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.05),并呈现剂量依赖性.结论:柿叶黄酮可明显抑制LDL刺激下的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖.     

Challenging surgical treatment of giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A case report

Liposarcoma is a rare malignant tumor type and surgical resection is the gold standard treatment. The present study reported on the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with a mass in the left upper abdomen. Computed tomography revealed a 32-cm giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Complete tumor resection was performed without the removal of other organs. Postoperative pathological examination indicated retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma and immunohistochemistry revealed S-100(−), MDM2(+), vimentin(+), CDK4(+), p16(+) and STAT6(+) results. The patient recovered well after the surgery. Complete tumor resection during the first surgery is key to cure liposarcoma. The present case report will be helpful for clinical oncologists to fully understand giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma and treat it accordingly.     

剪切波弹性成像与FNA-Tg对甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的：探讨剪切波弹性成像(shear wave elastography,SWE)与细针穿刺洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白(fine-needle aspiration washout thyroglobulin,FNA-Tg)对甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析159例经病理证实为甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的患者资料,对颈部211枚可疑淋巴结进行常规超声、SWE参数平均值(E_mean)、FNA-Tg检查,以术后病理结果为金标准,比较各检测方法的诊断效能。结果：(1)SWE E_mean转移组[(50.96±27.66) kPa]高于非转移组[(32.20±17.34) kPa],差异有统计学意义(t=8.761,P<0.01)。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析表明,SWE E_mean最佳诊断阈值为40.42 kPa时对PTC颈部淋巴结转移预测价值较高,曲线下面积(area under...     

一种快速检测HBV基因的荧光定量PCR法的建立

目的：利用二聚体蝎型荧光探针技术,建立一种能用于临床的快捷、敏感、特异、价格低廉的HBV实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。方法：根据HBV基因组保守区域precore／core设计二聚体蝎型荧光探针和引物,构建质粒标准品,优化荧光定量PCR条件,并进行方法学评价。结果：所建方法的检测范围为10^1～10^8 copies／μl,灵敏度达到10copies／μl,低拷贝样品的批内和日间重复性（CV）分别为1．71％和2．57％,高拷贝样品的批内和日间GV,分别为3．00％和3．86％。与商品化TaqMan试剂盒相比,本法阳性检出率较高,且检测时间缩短了45min（约减少1／3）,成本降低50％。结论：成功建立了快速检测HBVDNA的二聚体蝎型荧光定量PCR方法,为研发适合临床应用的HBV基因定量检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

黄芪对乳鼠肥大心肌细胞钙瞬变及钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ的影响

目的:研究黄芪注射液对体外培养乳鼠肥大心肌细胞内钙瞬变及钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)的影响。方法:原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞,分为对照组(不加任何干预因素)、模型组(AngⅡ刺激心肌细胞肥大)、黄芪组(AngⅡ+黄芪注射液)。MTT法确定最佳检测时间,激光共聚焦显微镜检测单个心肌细胞(给予KN-93前后)钙瞬变。Western blot法检测CaMKⅡδ蛋白含量。结果:①AngⅡ作用48h后乳鼠心肌细胞存活率下降(P<0.05);②与对照组相比,模型组总蛋白含量显著增加,黄芪组较模型组显著下降;③与对照组相比,模型组钙瞬变荧光强度变化率降低,达峰时间、峰回落时间显著增高,黄芪治疗后钙瞬变荧光强度变化率回升,并降低峰回落时间与达峰时间;④与对照组相比,模型组CaMKⅡδ的蛋白含量显著增加,黄芪组较之模型组则显著下降。⑤与对照组相比,给予KN-93后模型组仅使峰回落时间显著增加,黄芪组较模型组可显著降低峰回落时间。结论:黄芪注射液可抑制心肌细胞肥大,其机制可能与抑制钙调蛋白激酶途径中CaMKⅡδ的表达改善收缩功能有关,并可能通过其他机制而改善舒张功能。