氧气枕连接装置巧改进

氧气枕在抢救和转运患者时广泛应用,其延长管因反复被止血钳夹闭或开放易出现老化、断裂致玻璃接头断裂或损坏,使氧气泄漏致氧气枕不充盈,延误抢救患者的最佳时机。我们选用一次性引流袋、一次性输液器相应的部分取代传统的氧气枕装置,经临床应用,效果满意。现报告如下。     

急性心肌梗死患者植入国产西罗莫司支架后心率震荡的动态分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者植入国产西罗莫司洗脱支架后心率震荡的动态变化。方法应用动态心电图技术分别记录76例急性心肌梗死患者（支架组）支架植入后24h内、1周、3个月、6个月、12个月和24个月的心电图信息,计算各时段的震荡起始（TO）和震荡斜率（TS）。并与同期未行再灌注治疗的急性心肌梗死患者53例（对照组）进行对比分析。结果支架组支架植入术后24h的震荡起始（-0．21％±1．95％vs.0．26％±1．71％,P〈0．01）和震荡斜率[（13．73±6．48）ms／RR vs.（1．21±0．53）ms／RR,P〈0．01]与对照组心肌梗死后24h比较,明显改善,差异有统计学意义,并在随后的24个月中保持这种趋势。尽管对照组患者的震荡斜率在3个月后得到改善（P〈0．05）,但不如支架组改善明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论国产西罗莫司洗脱支架能长期改善急性心肌梗死患者的心率震荡,从而减少临床恶性心律失常事件的发生。     

乳化异氟醚对大鼠认知功能的影响

目的 评价乳化异氟醚对大鼠认知功能的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠72只,8周龄,体重250 ～ 300 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组:正常对照组(C组,n=12)、脂肪乳组(E组,n=12)和8％乳化异氟醚组(EI组,n=48).E组于给药后2h时进行水迷宫实验,EI组分别于给药后2h、1、7、14 d时取12只大鼠,进行水迷宫实验,记录逃避潜伏期、平台象限停留时间、穿过平台次数和游泳速度.每个时点水迷宫实验结束后,每组取6只大鼠,取眼眶血,测定血浆皮质醇浓度;然后处死大鼠,取海马组织,测定脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和神经生长因子(NGF)的含量;每组取剩余的6只大鼠,取脑组织,测定海马DG区、CA3区、CA2区和CA1区BDNF和NGF表达水平.结果 与C组比较,EI组给药后2h时逃避潜伏期延长,平台象限停留时间缩短,海马DG区和CA3区BDNF表达下调,给药后2h、1d时海马组织BDNF含量降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与给药后2h时比较,EI组给药后7、14 d时逃避潜伏期缩短,平台象限停留时间延长,给药后1、7、14 d时海马组织NGF含量升高,给药后1d时海马DG区和CA3区BDNF表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01);E组与C组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);三组血浆皮质醇浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 乳化异氟醚可导致大鼠一过性认知功能障碍,其机制与下调海马BDNF表达有关,而与皮质醇和NGF无关.     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄左心房血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的 探讨风湿性二尖瓣狭窄左心房血栓形成的危险因素.方法 2001年1月至2008年12月,2277例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄病人接受手术治疗,男737例,女1540例;年龄19～84岁,平均(50.9±10.2)岁.按左心房有无血栓分为血栓组(554例)和无血栓组(1723例).回顾性分析入选病例的一般资料、心电图、超声心动图及实验室检查资料.对单因素分析中有统计学意义的指标行多因素回归分析.结果 单因素分析发现年龄、二尖瓣瓣口面积、左心房内径、左室舒张末径、C反应蛋白、性别、二尖瓣狭窄程度、二尖瓣反流程度、三尖瓣反流程度、肺动脉高压程度、房颤和心功能分级共12个因素组间差异有统计学意义.多因素回归分析发现年龄、二尖瓣瓣口面积、左心房内径、二尖瓣反流程度、房颤是风湿性二尖瓣狭窄病人左心房血栓形成的主要影响因素.结论 风湿性二尖瓣狭窄病人年龄、二尖瓣瓣口面积、左心房内径、房颤是并发左心房血栓的主要危险因素.二尖瓣反流可以降低左心房血栓形成的风险,是左心房血栓形成的保护性因素.

Abstract：

Objective To analysis of risk factors for left atrial thrombosis in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis.Methods From January 2001 to December 2008, 2277 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent operations in our hospital. There were 737 males and 1540 female, the age ranged from 19 to 84 years [average (50.9 ±10.2) years]. Left atrial thrombosis group (554 cases) and no thrombosis group (1723 cases) were divided, retrospectively collected data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results 12 bvariables, including age, mitral valve orifice area, left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastole diameter, CRP, gender , degree of mitral stenosis, or regurgitation, degree of bicuspid regurgitation, degree of pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation and heart function had statistic difference between two groups. With multivariate Logistic regression for these 12 factors, age, mitral valve orifice area, left atrial diameter, degree of mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation were found to be the affecting factors for left atrial thrombosis in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Conclusion For patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis, age, mitral valve orifice area, left atrial diameter and atrial fibrillation are the risk factors for left atrial thrombosis. Mitral regurgitation is a protective factor for left atrial thrombosis.     

人工瓣环成形术与其联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全

Objective To analyze whether association of edge to edge valve repair to artificial ring annuloplasty would result in better results in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR).Methods From April,2001 to May,2010,41 patients underwent tricuspid valve repair to treat severe TR were studied.Twenty-one patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty alone (group R) and twenty patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty associated with edge to edge valve repair ( group E).All the patients received echocardiography before surgery,before discharge and in mid and long-term follow-up.The ratio between TR jet area (TRA) and right atrial area (RAA) was used to quantitatively evaluate the seriousness of TR.Movement of tricuspid valve leaflets,tricuspid valve orifice area,pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP),left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) were obserbed to evaluate heart function.Results At discharge in group R,no or trivial TR was presented in 7 patients,mild TR in 12 patients and moderate TR in 2 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild and moderate TR.While in group E,no or trivial TR was presented in 13 patients and mild TR in 7 patients.The follow-up ranged from 6 months to 100 months[average (54.8 ±26.7) months].In group R,no or trivial TR was present in 5 patients,mild TR in 11 patients,moderate TR in 4 patients and severe in 1 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild to severe TR.Redo tricuspid valve repair was done in one patient in group R for recurrent severe TR and the edge-to-edge valve repair was utilized.In group E,no tricuspid stenosis was found.No or trivial TR was presented in 10 patients,mild TR in 9 patients and moderate TR in 1 patient.The ratio of TRA/RAA of group R was significantly higher than that of group E (0.25 ±0.16 vs.0.13±0.10,P < 0.01).Conclusion Association of edge-to-edge valve technique to artificial ring annuloplasty was safe and effective for treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation due to bad apposition of free edges of tricuspid leaflets and dilatation of tricuspid annulus,.It could decrease the incidence of residual tricuspid regurgitation and prevent the recurrence of severe tricuspid regurgitation.     

装甲车辆乘员军事训练伤相关因素分析及自救互救对其转归的影响

目的分析某部队装甲车辆乘员军事训练伤发生的相关因素,以及自救互救对训练伤转归的影响。方法采取整群抽样方法,根据《中国人民解放军军事训练伤诊断分类标准》进行统计分类,采用自制调查问卷对某装甲部队1028名官兵进行现场调查,对结果进行非条件logistic回归分析。结果训练伤总体发生率为40.2%。其中1年军龄者占受伤者的36.8%,高于2年军龄和3年以上军龄者。对训练伤发生的相关因素建立logistic回归模型,引入模型的变量有训练内容、训练时地形、是否晕车、是否接受过自救互救训练以及训练时动作是否符合操作规范。实施自救、互救措施者,1个月内康复率(分别为93.8%9、4.2%)明显高于未采取自救、互救措施者(分别为76.3%7、6.7%,P<0.001)。结论装甲车辆乘员军事训练伤发生率较高,1年军龄者是训练伤防护重点;训练伤的发生有多种影响因素,可以有针对地实施预防保护措施;实施自救互救者1个月内康复率较高。     

左下颌结缔组织痣一例北大核心CSCD

患儿男,5岁。因左下颌无症状斑块6个月余,于2011年3月15日来我科就诊。曾在当地医院就诊,诊断为局限性硬皮病,局部外用喜辽妥和口服活血中药（具体成分不详）治疗2个月,皮损无明显好转。患者既往体健,发育和智力正常,     

血浆硫化氢水平变化与原发性高血压肾损害的相关性研究

目的探讨气体小号分子硫化氢与原发性高血压病所致肾损害的相关性。方法采用硫敏感电极法测定37例原发性高血压病伴肾损害的患者（靶器官损害组）及45例原发性高血压病（高血压组）不伴肾损害的患者以及50名正常人（正常对照组）血浆硫化氢含量,并比较不同组之间血浆硫化氢含量的差异、分析血浆硫化氢含量与原发性高血压痛及其肾损害的相关性。结果高血压组中血浆硫化氢含量低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,且随着高血压病分级的升高,血浆中硫化氢的浓度进行性下降;高血压肾损害组血浆硫化氢浓度明显低于单纯高血压组（P〈0．05）,且随着高血压病分级的提高,硫化氢的浓度进行性下降。结论硫化氢高血压病及其靶器官损害发生发展具有重要意义,血浆硫化氢水平与高血压病及高血压肾损害呈负相关。     

高血压不同并发症患者血浆内皮素变化及辛伐他汀干预对其影响

目的 了解原发性高血压(EH)不同合并症患者血浆内皮素(ET)浓度的变化及辛伐他汀干预对其影响.方法 入选EH患者149例,根据合并症的不同分为单纯EH组44例,EH合并左心室肥厚(EH-LVH)组40例,EH合并心房颤动(EH-AF)组36例,EH合并腔隙性脑梗死(EH-LI)组29例,同时选择30例健康体检者作为对照.149例EH患者按血压水平随机分为常规治疗组(主要应用钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂等药治疗8周)和辛伐他汀干预组(常规治疗+辛伐他汀40 mg/d),药物治疗前后检测血浆内皮素.结果 (1)EH组ET浓度高于对照组[(71.42±6.62)pg/ml对(45.52±8.28)pg/ml,P<0.01]并与血压升高程度呈正相关(r=0.746,P<0.001),EH-LVH组、EH-AF组、EH-LI组ET浓度均高于EH组[(97.67±10.53)pg/ml、(102.15±12.96)pg/ml、(103.49±9.91)pg/ml对(71.42±6.62)pg/ml,P<0.01],ET浓度变化均与血压升高程度呈正相关(r=0.671,r=0.592,r=0.530,P均<0.001).(2)EH-AF组左心房内径与ET浓度呈正相关(r=0.684,P<0.001);EH-LVH组的左心室质量指数与ET浓度呈正相关(r=0.545,P<0.001).(3)EH-LVH组、EH-AF组、EH-LI组的3级高血压所占的百分比均高于EH组.(4)EH 3级辛伐他汀干预组治疗后血压水平较常规治疗组下降更为显著(P<0.05).(5)EH 2级辛伐他汀干预组治疗后ET水平较常规治疗组显著降低(P<0.05),EH 3级辛伐他汀干预组和常规治疗组治疗后ET水平均显著降低(P<0.05),但辛伐他汀干预组下降更为显著(P<0.05).结论 ET水平与EH的严重程度呈正相关,辛伐他汀干预能更显著降低EH患者ET水平和EH3级患者的血压,提示对EH患者在使用降压药物控制血压的同时合用他汀类药物可能更有益.     

深圳某社区青年女性下尿路症状的问卷调查研究

目的:分析青年女性人群下尿路症状(LUTS)的发病率和相关影响因素.方法:对广东省深圳市某社区青年女性人群进行随机抽样问卷调查[问卷设计参考女性下尿路症状国际尿失禁标准问卷(ICIQ-FLUT)、国际前列腺状问卷(IPSS)布里斯托女性下尿路症状(BFLUTS)问卷及生活质量(QoL)等],根据具体情况进行调整.问卷由被调查者独立填写.结果:调查共发出问卷1 500份,回收有效问卷1 387份.储尿症状总患病率为91.2%,随年龄的增加,总储尿症状患病率呈增高趋势(P＜0.01),与年龄和分娩方式有关;排尿症状总患病率为65.2%,随年龄的增加,总储尿症状患病率呈增高趋势(P＜0.01),与生育情况、分娩方式以及文化水平有关.受调查者以刺激症状和梗阻症状的生活质量进行评分,分别为(2.87±1.32)分和(2.23±1.05)分;刺激症状和梗阻症状与生活质量评分的关联系数分别为0.51和0.23.结论:青年女性人群中的LUTS患病率很高,且不同程度影响青年女性的生活质量.