慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者评估测试评分与肺功能及6min步行试验相关性分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者评估测试（COP Dassessment test,CAT）评分与肺功能和6min步行试验的相关性。方法应用CAT（中文版）对170例稳定期COPD患者生活质量进行评估,同时测定常规肺功能、支气管扩张试验、6min步行试验。根据CAT评分对患者生活质量进行分级,同时根据肺功能、支气管扩张试验、6min步行试验进行分级,对结果进行符合度及相关性分析。结果170例COPD患者CAT分值在各级分组中比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;CAT评分与COPD全球倡议（GOLD）分级、6min步行试验间呈正相关（r=0．339,P=0．000;r=0．334,P=0．000）,重度、极重度患者的符合度较高。结论cAT评分与肺功能、6min步行试验相关性低,适用于评价重度、极重度COPD患者。     

纵隔非肿瘤性病变的CT诊断

目的提高对纵隔非肿瘤性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断.方法回顾性分析6例经临床和手术证实的纵隔非肿瘤性病变的CT表现.结果前纵隔血肿表现为胸骨后软组织密度影,与周围结构界限清楚,心脏大血管受压后移;急性纵隔炎表现为前纵隔混杂密度影,增强后可见显著的边缘性强化;纵隔纤维化表现为纵隔大血管被软组织密度影包绕,其中可见不均匀性强化,并伴有明显的肺动脉高压征象.结论结合临床经过和CT表现,可以对纵隔感染、出血、和纤维化作出正确诊断.     

2011-2012年宁夏狂犬病流行特征分析

目的分析2011-2012年宁夏狂犬病流行特征。方法利用描述流行病学方法对狂犬病流行情况进行分析。结果 2011-2012年宁夏共报告5例狂犬病病例,均死亡。男女性别比为4∶1,年龄11~74岁。5月、8月和9月有病例报告,病例分布在5个县区。均有犬咬伤史,平均潜伏期为63d。结论宁夏地区狂犬病疫情防控需要做好大众宣传,加强居民自我防护意识,提高暴露后预防处置、免疫等工作。     

集成MRI技术在冈上肌肌腱损伤分级中的定量价值

目的探讨集成MRI(SyMRI)技术在冈上肌肌腱损伤分级中的定量价值。方法前瞻性招募2021年7月至2022年7月宁夏医科大学总医院门诊确诊冈上肌肌腱损伤的97例患者(病例组), 男54例, 女43例, 年龄29～56(37.4±9.6)岁。病例组患者根据肩关节镜结果分为3个亚组:肌腱病组(37例, Ⅱ级)、部分撕裂组(34例, Ⅲ级)及完全撕裂组(26例, Ⅳ级)。同期招募无冈上肌肌腱损伤的正常肩袖志愿者28名(对照组), 男16名, 女12名, 年龄23～49(36.1±7.2)岁, 分级为Ⅰ级。所有受试者均接受肩关节MRI轴位T1加权像(T1WI)快速自旋回波序列、轴位T2加权像(T2WI)脂肪抑制(FS)序列、斜冠状位T2WI FS及斜矢状位质子密度加权(PDW)序列扫描, 同时行SyMRI序列斜冠状位扫描。于T2WI斜冠状位图像上根据冈上肌肌腱走形将其分为外侧、内侧及中间亚区, 由2名放射科医生测量3个亚区的T1、T2及PD值。采用组内相关系数(ICC)评估观察者间及观察者内的一致性。采用单因素方差分析或Kruskal-WallisH检验比较不同分级各定量参数的差异。采用多因...     

中国汉族正常成人岛叶体积的高分辨率MRI测量

Objective To explore the normal range of the insula volume of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers (age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A ( age range = 18 to 30), B ( age range = 31 to 40 ), C ( age range = 41 to 50 ), D ( age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.After three dimension data reconstruction, the volumes of bilateral insula were manually measured.The volume of bilateral insula were compared by paired sample t test.The insula volumes were compared between male and female by independent sample t test, and the differences among 5 age groups were compared by one-way ANNOVA.The relationship between the volumes of insula and age,sex or cerebral volume were analyzed using bivariate correlation, respectively.Results The left snd right side volume of insula before standarized were (7764±1165) and (7387±1128) mm3 respectively, after standarized were (8413±1201 ) and (7871±1140) mm3 respectively.The left insula volume were significant larger than that of right(t = - 10.565, - 16.014,P <0.01 ).The left and fight volume of insula were (8146±1181 ) and (7735±1113) mm3 for male, and (7393±1022) mm3 and (7050±1038) mm3for female.The left and right insula volumes for male were larger than the female's(t = 10.934,9.945 ,P <0.01 ).The left and right insula volume of male after standarized were (8779±1230 ) and (8224±1081 )mm3, female were (8043±1054) and (7515±1091 ) mm3 ,the left and right insula volume of male were larger than the female's ( t = 4.858,4.632, P < 0.01 ).The left insula volumes among Group A, B, C, D,E before standarized were ( 8268±1221 ), ( 8067±1107 ), ( 7869±1109), ( 7603±1111 ), ( 6997±934 )mm3 respectively,the right were (8028±1156), (7636±1075), (7294±986), (7249±1068), (6717±916) mm3 respectively, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F= -0.361,-0.337,P <0.01 ).The left insula volume of A,B,C,D,E after standarized were ( 9093±1105 ), ( 8679±965 ), ( 8810±1136), ( 8202±980), ( 7273±940 )mm3, the right were ( 8694±1005), (8136±1100), (8034±910), (7496±990), (6989±932) mm3, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F = -0.490, -0.512,P < 0.01 ).There was significant negative correlation between the volume and age ( before standarizded:r = -0.361, -0.337, after standardized r = -0.490, -0.512, P<0.05).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and cerebral volume ( r = 0.470,0.459, P < 0.05 ).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and weight( r = 0.141, 0.092, P < 0.05 ).Conclusions 1.5 T MR scanner has high resolution, for distinguishing the white matter from the gray matter, and provide morphological data of insula for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.     

多层螺旋CT对马蹄肾的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MDCT)在诊断马蹄肾的扫描方法及其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析19例马蹄肾的临床完整资料,均行多层螺旋CT平扫加多时相分期增强扫描检查,并在工作站对获取的平扫及多时相分期增强扫描薄层图象行多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VR)及四维透明显示(4D-Raysum)3种方法后重组。结果 19例马蹄肾均为双肾下极连接融合,融合的峡部肾实质相连17例,纤维组织连接2例。伴多支肾动脉供血7例,肾盂输尿管交界部狭窄5例。马蹄肾并发肾盏或肾盂结石6例,输尿管下段结石1例,肾盏肾盂积水10例。1例马蹄肾合并左肾透明细胞癌,行手术病理证实。结论应用多层螺旋CT对马蹄肾进行合理方法扫描并结合多种方法后重组,可以清楚显示马蹄肾的融合的部位、性质及并发症的发生情况,为临床提供更多的影像信息,可做为马蹄肾综合影像学评价的最好检查方法。     

磁共振三叉神经血管成像对TN微血管减压术前评估的研究

目的 探讨磁共振三叉神经血管成像在三叉神经痛微血管减压术前评估中的作用.方法 对临床明确诊断血管压迫性三叉神经痛欲行微血管减压术的21例患者术前进行磁共振三叉神经血管成像检查.分别应用高分辨率磁共震(MR)、三维稳态进动快速成像序列(3D-FIESTA)及三维时间飞跃-扰相梯度回波序列(3D-TOF)进行三叉神经、血管成像,所得原始图像资料经后处理工作站处理后的结果与术中所见进行对比观察.结果 21例患者术前磁共振三叉神经血管成像均清晰显示双侧三叉神经分布、走行,其中19例患者共发现责任血管20根,术中证实与影像学检查所见吻合.2例患者术前检查未发现明显责任血管,术中发现为细小前下动脉压迫.结论 应用磁共振3D-FIESTA及3D-TOF序列在术前进行三叉神经血管成像,可很好地显示三叉神经形态、走行及责任血管,对术前制定手术入路、减少术中探查时间等有很大帮助.     

螺旋CT肺动脉造影与核素扫描诊断肺栓塞的对比实验研究

目的：比较HCT肺动脉造影检查与核素通气／灌注检查对实验性肺栓塞的诊断敏感性和特异性。方法：在DSA下复制肺栓塞的动物模型。分别进行螺旋CT肺动脉造影和ECT通气／灌注检查。以病理解剖发现作为肺栓塞诊断标准，比较二者诊断肺栓塞的敏感性和特异性。结果：病理解剖发现栓塞肺段动脉和亚段肺动脉36处；螺旋CT肺动脉造影检查发现栓塞肺动脉30支。诊断敏感性和特异性分别为75％和97．9％。并可以同时发现肺实质内的继发改变；ECT通气／灌注检查发现栓塞肺动脉所致通气／灌注不匹配区33处，诊断敏感性和特异性分别为96％和90．6％。结论：螺旋CT肺动脉造影检查诊断肺栓塞不仅具有较高敏感性和特异性，而且可以同时发现肺实质内的继发改变，可以作为诊断肺栓塞的首选检查方法之一。     

针刺代秩边穴治疗坐骨神经痛70例

针刺代秩边穴为主治疗坐骨神经痛70例,总有效率95.7%。由于该穴位于坐骨神经的体表投影上,故针刺此穴优于秩边穴,可直接刺激坐骨神经干而调节其功能。