速度向量成像技术评价川崎病冠状动脉瘤左心室收缩功能

目的探讨速度向量成像技术在川崎病冠状动脉瘤患儿左心室收缩功能检测中的应用价值。方法根据冠状动脉瘤大小将33例川崎病冠状动脉瘤患儿分为病变I组、Ⅱ组,分别与20例正常儿童左心室收缩功能参数对照,应用速度向量成像技术测量左心室最大纵向运动速度、应变、应变率;采用Simpson法心内膜自动跟踪测量左心室射血分数、每搏量。结果病变I组23例各节段左心室最大纵向运动速度、应变率均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,病变Ⅱ组10例各节段最大纵向运动速度、应变及应变率均明显低于I组（P〈0.05）;组间左心室射血分数、每搏量差异均无统计学意义。结论川崎病冠状动脉瘤患儿左心室心肌收缩功能受损,速度向量成像技术检测的左心室最大纵向运动速度、应变率可以反映心肌局部收缩功能异常。     

超声诊断急性肺栓塞及溶栓疗效评价中的应用

目的探讨超声在诊断急性肺栓塞（PTE）及其对溶栓后疗效的评价。方法临床疑似PTE的35例患者进行超声心动图和下肢深静脉超声检查。经临床表现、心电图、超声、核素、螺旋CT、肺动脉造影综合检查后确诊的较大面积肺栓塞的25例接受溶栓抗凝治疗。比较溶栓前、溶栓后2周、溶栓后3个月心脏及下肢深静脉血栓的变化情况。结果超声心动图诊断PTE的直接征象（肺动脉血栓）2例,间接征象23例,无异常变化10例。溶栓后2周超声相关的主要监测指标（右室舒张末前后径RVEDD,右房舒张末上下径RADD,肺动脉主干内径MPA,肺动脉血流峰值速度VPA,肺动脉血流加速时间AT,三尖瓣反流峰值速度Vp,肺动脉收缩压PASP）与溶栓前参数比较明显好转（P〈0．05）,具有统计学意义。3个月后有8例超声的各项指标正常,其余与溶栓后2周的参数值比较无统计学差异。下肢深静脉检查18例32条血管内血栓。溶栓治疗后12例有效,管腔大部分再通,6例无效。结论超声诊断急性肺栓塞安全、无创、可靠,并且可作为溶栓疗效评价和长期随诊的工具。     

速度向量成像技术对川崎病冠状动脉瘤左心室纵向及径向收缩功能的研究

目的应用速度向量成像技术定量评价川崎病冠状动脉瘤患儿左心室纵向及径向收缩功能。方法 37例川崎病冠状动脉瘤患儿根据冠状动脉瘤大小分为病变Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组,分别与20例正常儿童对照,采用速度向量成像技术分别测量左心室最大纵向及径向运动速度、应变及应变率;Simpson法心内膜自动跟踪测量左心室射血分数、每搏量。结果病变Ⅰ组各节段左心室最大纵向运动速度及应变率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,径向应变率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;病变Ⅱ组各节段最大纵向运动速度、应变及应变率均明显低于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）,径向应变率明显低于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）;各组间左心室射血分数、每搏量差异均无统计学意义。结论川崎病冠状动脉瘤患儿左心室最大纵向运动速度及纵向、径向应变率明显减低,提示心肌收缩功能受损,速度向量成像技术可以定量评价左室局部收缩功能。     

二尖瓣畸形的超声心动图诊断及评估(附23例分析)

目的 探讨超声心动图对二尖瓣畸形的诊断价值及其在临床评估中的作用.方法 应用超声心动图检查23例二尖瓣畸形患者并与随访结果对照.结果 23例二尖瓣畸形患者超声诊断:二尖瓣闭锁3例,双口二尖瓣2例,二尖瓣发育不良腱索短小1例,乳头肌发育不良降落伞样二尖瓣1例,二尖瓣裂缺16例.结论 二尖瓣畸形患者病情严重程度与其解剖发育及是否合并心内畸形有关,超声心动图对二尖瓣、腱索及乳头肌畸形的形态、位置及瓣口的梗阻、返流等血流动力学变化的诊断准确可靠,并可成为指导二尖瓣畸形的临床治疗、评价预后的有效手段.     

《儿科高级生命支持》课程培训回顾与总结

儿科高级生命支持(pediatric advanced life support,PALS)课程是美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)和美国儿科学会(American Academy of Pediatrics,AAP)于20世纪80年代建立的团队式训练课程~([1]).1999年上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医学中心引进该课程~([2]).本文对本院PALS课程培训10年中有详细记录的799人的资料进行分析,旨在为进一步培训提供借鉴.     

切割球囊治疗儿童先天性心脏病术后肺动脉分支狭窄的临床评价

目的评价切割球囊(cutting balloon,CB)治疗儿童先天性心脏病(先心病)术后肺动脉分支狭窄的疗效和可行性。方法收治3例先心病术后肺动脉分支狭窄患儿,其中2例为男性,分别为法洛四联症(TOF)术后残存左肺动脉狭窄和肺动脉闭锁(PA)、室间隔缺损(VSD)术后残存右肺动脉狭窄。1例女性,为"PA、VSD、动脉导管未闭(PDA)"术后残存左肺动脉狭窄。完善术前检查后行心导管介入治疗,分别测狭窄段压差和血管内径,选择合适CB扩张,根据扩张效果决定是否应用高压球囊再扩张。结果 TOF男性患儿和PA/VSD女性患儿先选择CB扩张后,予高压球囊再次扩张,血管内径由术前4.6 cm和4.2 cm分别增至5.8 cm和5 cm,压差由术前35 mmHg和12 mmHg分别降为19 mmHg和7 mmHg;PA/VSD男性患儿,应用CB扩张后,血管内径由术前4.8 cm变为5.6 cm,压差由术前12 mmHg降为6 mmHg。术中和术后均无肺水肿、肺出血等并发症发生。结论 CB治疗先心病术后肺动脉分支狭窄安全、有效,并发症少。     

Percutaneous balloon angioplasty of coarctation of the aorta in children: 12 -year follow-up results

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of percutaneous balloon angioplasty of coarctation o f the aorta in children and discuss its risk factors that can lead to poor long -term results.Methods From September 1987 to August 1999, 24 patients underwent 27 balloon angioplasty procedures for native or recurrent coarctation of the aorta at our institution . There were 19 patients with discrete (membranous) coarctation, 4 patients wit h long-segment and aortic arch hypoplasia, and 1 patient with postoperative recu rr ence. The balloon diameter was chosen not to exceed the diameter of the aorta p roximal to the stenotic site (11.06±2.80 mm vs 11.78±3.18 mm), with th e chosen diameter two to four times that of the stenotic segment (2.57±0.68 t imes). The patients have been followed up for half to twelve years (mean 6.2 ±2.8 years). Satisfactory result was defined as a reduction in the pressure g radient across the site of coarctation to ≤20 mm Hg. Results The systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation site decreased from 48. 17±14.68 mm Hg to 14.96±13.12 mm Hg (P<0.01) and the diameter of the coarctation site increased from 4.66±2.43 mm to 8.80±3.32 mm (P<0. 01). Immediate satisfactory results were obtained in 19 patients (79%). Of the 5 patients with unsatisfactory results, 4 had aortic arch hypoplasia and 1 had membranous coarctation. Of the 19 patients with satisfactory results, 18 patie nts had membranous coarctation and 1 patient had recurrent postoperative coarcta tion. No aneurysm and other complications had occurred in any patients at the follow-ups. Conclusion Percutaneous balloon angioplasty is an effective treatment alternative to surger y in most patients with recurrent postoperative or native membranous coarctation of the aorta. It should not be recommended for the coarctation of aortic arch hypoplasia.     

ATP敏感性钾通道与气道高反应性研究进展

哮喘是由多种细胞和细胞成分参与，以嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为主并导致与之相关的气道高反应性（AHR）的气道慢性炎症性疾患。AHR作为哮喘的重要特征之一，在其发生发展中起重要作用，目前对其发生机制的研究涉及很多方面，现对气道平滑肌细胞中ATP敏感性钾通道在AHR的发生机制做一综述。     

QUANTIFICATION OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT USING ULTRASOUNDBASED STRAIN RATE IMAGING

Objective To study the validation of ultrasound-based strain rate imaging in the quantitative assessment of right ventricular （RV） function in atrial septal defect （ASD）. Methods Tissue Doppler images （TDI） of RV longitudinal and short axes were recorded from the apical 4-chamber view and the subcostal short-axis view in 18 normal controls, 28 children with ASD and 14 children after Amplazter closure of ASD respectively. Peak systolic velocities （ V）, peak systolic strain rates （SR）, peak systolic strains （S） at the basal segment, middle segment of RV lateral wall and the basal septum from the longitudinal axis, the middle segment of RV free waU from the short axis were quantitatively measured using QLAB^TM tissue velocity quantification software system respectively. Peak dp/ dt from the RV isovolumic contraction determined during the right cardiac catheterization in 28 ASD patients was used as the gold standard of RV contractility. Peak systolic indices were compared against max dp/dt by linear correlation, Results Peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall from the longitudiual axis increased significantly in 28 ASD patients. Peak systolic indices at the basal septum also increased in patient group, but not significantly. Significant decreases in peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall were observed after the Amplatzer closure in 14 ASD patients. There was no significant difference at the middle segment of RV free wall from the short axis between patient group and normal control. A strong correlation was found between max dp/dt and peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wal l （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Ultrasound-based strain rate imaging can assess quantitatively RVfunction in CHD. Peak systolic strains determined at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall are strong noninvasive indices of RV contractility.     

纠正性大动脉转位病理解剖类型分析

目的 总结16年来收治的73例纠正性大动脉转位(C-TGA)的临床资料，就其解剖类型、合并的心内畸形种类作一分析。方法 根据心脏二维超声心动图、心导管造影检查结果及心脏手术时直视下所见，判断C-TGA的解剖类型及合并的心内结构畸形结果73例患儿中心房正位{S，L.L.}62例，心房反位{I，D，D，}11例；合并其他心内结构畸形72例(99％)．其中室隔完警型8例(11％)，伴有室间隔缺损(VSD)型64例(89％)。室隔完整的C-TGA最多合并的畸形为三尖瓣形态和功能异常．而C-TGA／VSI)最常合并肺动脉狭窄或闭锁。73例患儿中术前发生心律失常13例，30例接受外科手术或介入治疗．术后发生心律失常19例(63％)，其中Ⅲ^* A-VB 13例，6例在术后2周内恢复正常，余7例安装永久性起搏器.结论 C-TGA最常见的解剖类型是{S．L.L．}型，解剖右心室的三尖瓣功能异常和肺动脉狭窄或闭锁是最为多见的并发畸形。