强直性脊柱炎外周血破骨细胞前体细胞活性的研究

目的 研究强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者外周血破骨细胞前体细胞(OCP)的数量及其与血清核因子(NF)-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)和骨保护素(OPG)浓度以及与病情活动性的相关性.方法 采用RANKL和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)体外诱导8例As患者和5名健康对照的外周血培养破骨细胞(OC).应用组织化学染色法对OC中抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色.计数染色阳性胞核≥3个的细胞.骨吸收实验考察OC的功能.运用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测23例As患者和17名健康对照血清RANKL和OPG水平.对AS疾病活动性进行评估包括Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(BASDAI)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP).对AS患者OCP数量与血清RANKUOPG比值及与病情活动性进行相关分析.统计分析采用t检验t'检验、Spearman相关分析.结果 ①As组外周血生成OC数量显著高于健康对照组(10.9±3.4与6.2±1.3,P<0.05);②AS组血清RANKL浓度、OPG浓度、RANKL/OPG比值显著高于健康对照组[(5.4±3.8)pg/ml与(1.6±0.8)pg/ml,(157±49)pg,ml与(105±20)pg/ml,0.037±0.026与0.016±0.008,P均<0.01)];③外周血生成OC数量与RANKL、RANKL/OPG比值呈正相关(r=0.692, P=0.009;r=0.813,P=0.001);④AS患者血清OPG浓度与BASDAI呈负相关(r=-0.444,P=0.044),血清RANKL浓度与BASDAI呈正相关(r=0.543,P=0.011),RANKL/OPG比值与BASI)AI呈正相关(r=0.672,R=0.001).结论 ①As患者外周血OCP数量显著增高,与关节骨质破坏程度密切相关可能是造成关节骨质破坏的机制;②AS患者OC活性增高的机制可能是炎症引起RANKL产量增多,RANKUOPG比值升高所致.     

强直性脊柱炎外周血破骨细胞前体细胞活性的研究

Objective To investigate the number of osteoclast (OC) precursor in the peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its relationship with serum receptor activator of nuclear factor KB-ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentration as well as the disease activity. Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 cases of AS patients and 5 healthy controls were cultured in the medium containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (25 ng/ml) and RANKL (40 ng/ml). After being cultured for 14 days, cytochemistry was applied to detect tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression and the cells with TRAP expression and ≥3 nuclei were counted and defined as OC. Bone resorption assay was used to demonstrate OC function. ELISA was used to measure serum RANKL and OPG concentration in 23 cases of AS and 17 healthy controls. The relationship was analyzed in AS patients between the number of OC precursors and serum RANKL and OPG concentration as well as the disease activity. The indicators of disease activity were Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). T test, t' test and Spearman correlation were selec-ted. Results ① Significantly higher OC production was observed in the peripheral blood of AS patients than that of healthy control group. The OC number per ten fields was 10.9±3.4 and 6.2±1.3 respectively (P<0.05); ② There was significant difference between AS patients and healthy controls in serum concentration of OPG and RANKL and the ratio of RANKL/OPG. OPG was significantly higher in AS patients [(157±49) pg/ml] than in healthy controls [(105±20) pg/ml] (P<0.05). RANKL was significantly higher in AS patients [(5.4± 3.8) pg/ml] than in healthy controls [(1.6±0.8) pg/ml] (P<0.05). The ratio of RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in AS patients (0.037±0.026) than in healthy controls (0.016±0.008) (P<0.01 );③Significantly positive correlation was observed between the OC number and the serum concentration of RANKL (r=0.692, P=0.009), the ratio of RANKL/OPG (r=0.813, P=0.001);④ In AS patients, serum concentration of OPG was found to have significantly negative correlation with BASDAI (r=-0.444, P=0.044). Serum RANKL concentration was found to have significantly positive correlation with BASDAI (r=0.543, P=0.011). The ratio of RANKL/OPG was found to have significantly positive correlation with BASDAI (r=0.672, P=0.001). Conclusion ① More OC precursors exist in the peripheral blood of AS patients. These cells may differentiate into osteoclasts, which might play a role in joints destructions in AS;② The mechanism of high OC production is likely to be due to high RANKL concentration which is caused by inflammatory reaction.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者医院革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎的分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者医院革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎病原菌分布及耐药性。方法 回顾性分析120例COPD患者医院感染的临床资料,分析病原菌培养、药敏实验结果及诊治预后情况。结果 120例医院感染革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎患者共计分离136株病原菌,革兰氏阳性菌4株占2.94%,革兰氏阴性菌132株占97.06%,革兰氏阴性菌中非发酵菌和肠杆菌属占比接近,非发酵菌以铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼溶血不动杆菌为主,肠杆菌属中以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌为主。铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼溶血不动杆菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿奇霉素、阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均低于10%,而对头孢唑林、头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟、哌拉西林、环丙沙星、头孢他啶耐药率则高于50%,对阿米卡星、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松的耐药率介于10%～50%之间;大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿奇霉素的耐药率均为0,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药率低于10%,对头孢他啶、头孢唑林、头孢哌酮、环丙沙星的耐药率均高于50%,对阿米卡星、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、哌拉西林、头孢噻肟的耐药率介于10%～50%之间。120例医院革...     

唑来膦酸预防来曲唑治疗绝经后乳腺癌患者骨质流失的效果观察

目的：探讨唑来膦酸预防来曲唑治疗绝经后乳腺癌患者骨质流失的效果。方法选择2009年11月~2011年12月本院收治的120例病情稳定、绝经后激素受体阳性的乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,将其随机分成观察组和对照组,各60例。观察组给予来曲唑口服+唑来膦酸静脉滴注,对照组仅给予来曲唑口服。测定患者的腰椎骨密度,1次/年,观察时间为2年。观察两组患者的骨密度变化和不良反应情况。结果治疗2年后,观察组发生骨质疏松24例(40.00%),对照组51例(85.00%),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者有9例(15.00%)发生不良反应,其中一过性发热5例,骨痛4例,程度均为Ⅰ级,经过一定的对症治疗后均可缓解,对患者无明显不良影响。结论每3个月给予患者唑来膦酸静脉滴注,对绝经后乳腺癌患者的内分泌治疗中骨质流失防治具有明显的临床应用价值,可以明显改善患者的生存质量,适合在临床推广应用。     

胃癌手术治疗风险及术后死亡危险因素分析

胃癌作为高发恶性肿瘤,手术治疗仍是患者获得临床痊愈的最佳途径。由于老年患者比例上升、基础疾病增多等因素,外科治疗胃癌手术风险有所上升。在临床治疗过程中,有效降低胃癌患者手术风险、术后并发症发生率及死亡率,提高胃癌围手术期安全性具有重大临床意义。影响胃癌手术治疗风险及术后死亡的危险因素众多,主要包括年龄、合并疾病、肿瘤分期、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)评级、手术方式等多方面。本文就胃癌手术治疗风险及术后死亡危险因素的研究现状作一综述。     

急诊有限内固定结合外固定架治疗Tscheme-Gotzen2～3级闭合性Pilon骨折疗效分析

目的探讨有限内固定结合外固定架治疗Tscheme-Gotzen2～3级闭合性Pilon骨折的效果。方法对2010-05—2014-05间收治的15例Tscheme-Gotzen2～3级闭合性Pilon骨折患者急诊行有限内固定结合外固定架治疗。结果 15例患者均获10～27个月随访,根据Burwell-Charnley标准:解剖复位14例、一般复位1例。根据Mazur踝关节功能评分标准:优12例,良2例,可1例。未出现骨筋膜室综合征、内外固定物松动、深部感染、骨不愈合、关节僵硬等并发症。5例患者出现浅表或外固定钉道感染,1例Tscheme 3级患者切口边缘坏死。结论急诊有限内固定结合外固定架治疗Tscheme-Gotzen2～3级闭合性Pilon骨折,具有创伤小、骨与软组织血运损伤小,踝关节功能恢复良好及并发症发生率低等优势。     

关节镜清理冲洗术在痛风性膝关节炎诊治中的应用

目的总结单纯痛风性膝关节炎临床表现和病理特点,探讨关节镜冲洗清理术在其诊治中的应用。方法2010年6月至2016年6月我科收治的痛风性膝关节炎患者37例(45膝),给予常规关节镜关节腔清理冲洗,术后控制饮食及降尿酸治疗,其中男30例,女7例;年龄24~61岁,平均40.3岁;右膝24膝,左膝21膝。应用静息状态下视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、美国西安大略和麦柯玛斯特大学骨关节炎指数(western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index,WOMAC)、膝关节活动度评估手术前后患者症状及患膝功能状况。结果 37例患者经膝关节镜清理冲洗、关节液镜检及术后病理检查,均证实为痛风性膝关节炎。术后均获随访,随访时间3~14个月,平均6个月。术后症状均得到不同程度的缓解,VAS评分、WOMAC指数显著低于术前,关节活动度明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。5例出现短暂复发(与饮食控制不良有关),治疗优良率为94.6%。结论痛风性膝关节炎发病率相对较低,误诊率较高。关节镜清理冲洗术使得早期诊断明确,且具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

改良带孔克氏针张力带钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折

目的 探讨改良带孔克氏针张力带钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床效果和优点。方法自2000年3月～2002年10月采用改良带孔克氏针张力带钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折19例，并随访其疗效。结果19例病人经过5～12个月随访，按陆裕朴等的疗效评定标准，优17例，良1例，可1例。结论改良带孔克氏针张力带钢丝内固定治疗髌骨骨折，具有操作简单，固定牢固可靠，并可以防止克氏针尾刺激或穿出皮肤及防止钢丝的滑脱，是一种治疗髌骨骨折较好方法。     

重症上消化道出血患者给予兰索拉唑凝血酶奥曲肽联合保守治疗效果观察

目的探讨重症上消化道出血患者给予兰索拉唑、凝血酶、奥曲肽联合保守治疗临床疗效。方法选取2014-03—2017-03间重症收治上消化道出血患者108例随机分为联合组(采用兰索拉唑、凝血酶和奥曲肽联合治疗,54例)和常规组(采用兰索拉唑和凝血酶联合治疗,54例),比较两组患者止血时间、出血量、住院时间及临床疗效和不良反应。结果联合组患者止血时间、出血量、住院时间均少于常规组(P<0.05)。联合组患者疗效显著于常规组(P<0.05)。两组患者恶心呕吐、腹胀、白细胞减少、肝功异常发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论重症上消化道出血患者给予兰索拉唑、凝血酶、奥曲肽联合治疗可缩短患者出血时间、减少出血量,显著提高患者临床疗效,具有较高用药安全性。