三种临床评分方法对急性肺栓塞预测价值的比较

目的 以CT肺血管造影(CTPA)为金标准,评价临床普遍应用的三种国外急性肺栓塞评分方法 的预测效能,探讨适用于我国人群的评分方法.方法 连续纳入570例(男321例,女249例,年龄18～75岁,平均55岁)行CTPA检查的临床疑似急性肺栓塞的住院或门诊患者.分别采用Wells、Geneva和改良Geneva评分法评价每例患者,并预测其急件肺栓塞发生的可能性.先由2名中年资影像学医师分别独立盲法评价CTPA,评价结果 不一致时由1名高年资医师决定.应用受试者工作特征曲线分析评价二种评分方法 的预测价值.结果 570例中169例患者确诊为急性肺栓塞.三种临床评分方法 两两一致性榆验结果 显示K值为0.269～0.374,P<0.05;其中Geneva评分和改良Geneva评分的一致度较好.三种评分方法 两两存在正相关关系,Geneva评分和改良Geneva评分之间的相关关系较密切.Wells评分、Geneva评分和改良Geneva评分对评估APE的评估的阳性预测值分别为83.8%、53.3%和61.3%,阴性预测值分别为85.0%、80.6%和80.0%.三者的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为:Wells评分0.823,Geneva评分0.677,改良Geneva评分0.661,三者比较,除了Geneva评分和改良Geneva评分相比差异无统计学意义(u=0.352,P>0.05)外,其余两两之间的差异均有统计学意义(u=3.535,4.285,均P<0.01).结论 三种临床评分方法 均可以对急性肺栓塞作出较为准确的预测,但是Wells评分的预测价值最高,比较适合于我国人群.     

临床评分和D-二聚体检查在下肢深静脉血栓中的应用

Objective To evaluate the value of Wells score or/and D-dimer test on diagnosing or excluding deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods Patients with suspected DVT were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent clinical assessment, D-dimer assay and bilateral lower extremity eompression sonography within 48 hours of admission. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosing DVT by Wells score, D-direct test, and combined Wells score and D-dimer were compared. Results A total of 274 patients were analyzed. If low probability was defined as negative and moderate and high probabilities were defined as positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the Wells score were 78.4%, 66.1%, 52.3% and 86.6%, respectively. At a cut-off of 500 μg/L, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of D-dimer test were 73.9% ,66.1%, 50.8% and 84. 2%, respectively. If low probability and D-dimer < 500 μgL were defined as negative, moderate and high probabilities and D-dimer≥500 μg/L were defined as positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the combined Wells score and D-dimer test were 88.3%, 76.8%, 67.1% and 92.5% , respectively. Conclusion For clinical suspected DVT patients, DVT diagnosis could be reliably obtained by combined Wells score and D-dimer test.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和表观弥散系数(ADC)值在前列腺癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 46例经手术病理或穿刺活检证实的前列腺疾病患者行DWI检查,其中前列腺增生(BPH)21例,慢性前列腺炎9例,前列腺癌16例,扩散敏感分数值800 s/mm2.依病理结果,将前列腺外周带六分区归类为正常区、增生区,炎症区、癌区,测量每个分区的ADC值,癌与非癌组之间进行受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析.结果 各组ADC值分别为,BPH外周带(2.20±0.29)×10-3mm2/s,中央带(1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s,炎症区(1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s,癌区(1.24±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s,组间ADC值两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);ROC曲线上临界点取1.49×10-3 mm2/s,诊断的敏感性达86.8%,特异性为94.0%,ROC曲线下面积0.945±0.010.结论 前列腺DWI及ADC值可用于前列腺肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断,具有很高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the application of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences were performed in 46 patients, including 21 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 9 cases of chronic prostatitis and 16 cases of prostate cancer. DWI were obtained with a b-factor of 800 s/mm2. According to the pathological results obtained by ultrasound guided biopsy, the peripheral zone of prostate was divided into six parts by orientations and they were divided into noncancerous, hyperplasia, prostatitis and cancerous groups. The ADC value of each region was measured and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and ROC analysis. Results Acceptable images for ADC measurement were obtained in all cases.The mean ADC values of prostatic peripheral zone, prostatic central gland, inflammatory area and cancerous area were (2.20±0. 29)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.66±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s, (1.95±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s and ( 1.24 ± 0.32) × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in ADC values between the inter-groups (P＜0. 01 ). With ROC cut point setting to 1.49 ×10-3 mm2/s, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer were 86. 8% and 94. 0%, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0. 945±0. 010. Conclusions ADC value might be useful to evaluate prostate cancer. DWI has an important clinical application value in the diagnosis and differentiation of prostate cancer.     

MRI LAVA 技术在原发性肝癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨应用3.0 T MR肝脏三维容积快速扫描(liver acceleration volume acquisition,LAVA)技术对原发性肝癌的诊断价值.方法 对105 例经实验室检查,手术病理或介入证实为原发性肝癌患者的MRI资料回顾性分析.分别进行常规自旋回波序列(T2WI、T1WI),LAVA序列增强多期扫描及T1WI常规增强扫描,观察常规增强序列及LAVA 序列病灶显示数目及MRI征象,统计检出率及定性率.结果 经手术病理或介入证实共有病灶154个,常规增强扫描检出137个 (88.9% ),LAVA序列增强多期扫描检出154个 (100% );常规增强扫描定性130个(84.4%),LAVA序列增强多期扫描定性144个(93.5%).结论 磁共振LAVA序列多期动态增强对于原发性肝癌的诊断、治疗及预后具有指导意义.     

多层螺旋CT在膝关节骨折中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT及其后处理技术在膝关节骨折诊断中的应用价值.方法 对88例膝关节诸骨损伤患者采用多层螺旋CT扫描,获得CT轴位图像,在工作站上进行后处理[多平面重建(MPR)和容积重建(VR)].结果 本组胫骨平台粉碎性骨折33例,胫骨裂隙性骨折26例,髁间突骨折7例,髌骨骨折10例,股骨骨折12例.结论 多层螺旋CT后处理技术图像质量高,有利于膝关节骨折的诊断,指导选择治疗方案,制订手术计划.     

浅谈医学影像专业实践教学改革模式

结合医学影像学专业课程实际教学情况,根据学生培养目标的调整,对影像专业课程学时设置进行有效合理的调整,开设一门新课程——影像学实践。这种混合型教学模式不同于注重理论教学的传统方式,介于传统教学和PBL教学之间,是理论与实践结合的一种综合性教学法。对于影像专业学生不仅要熟练掌握基础知识,而且如何将理论知识熟练运用于影像疾病诊断至关重要。因此,加强影像学实践教学已成为本专业教学发展趋势。     

CT在诊断Vater氏壶腹癌中的应用

目的 :探讨 Vater氏壶腹癌的 CT诊断价值。方法 :收集本院 1 990～ 1 997年间经手术病理证实、CT资料完整的 2 6例Vater氏壶腹癌进行回顾性分析。结果 :十二指肠降部腔内充盈缺损 ,腔内软组织肿块 ,壶腹段胆总管腔截断及肝内胆管中、高度扩张、胆总管扩张、胆囊增大、“双管征”是壶腹癌的直接和间接 CT征象。这些征象的显示与扫描技术和设备有关。本组诊断准确率为84.6%。结论 :CT诊断壶腹癌是有效、准确的检查方法。CT对钩突、十二指肠的早期侵犯及局部淋巴结的检出不敏感     

螺旋CT对胃癌的诊断价值

胃癌是消化系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一.以往它的诊断主要依靠胃镜及X线钡餐透视检查,虽曾在相当一段时期内为临床诊治提供过不可缺少的重要依据,但对于肿瘤突破浆膜层向腔外生长、邻近器官侵犯以及淋巴结和远处转移则价值有限.20世纪80年代以来,CT逐渐应用于胃肠道肿瘤的检查,尤其是随着螺旋CT的应用,采取快速容积扫描及高压注射对比剂下取得峰值图像采集,弥补了仅仅依靠胃壁的厚度改变进行评价的缺憾,以便得到胃壁增厚与增强效应两方面的信息诊断胃癌,为胃癌的术前分期注入了新的活力.配合CT防真内窥镜(CTVE)和三维成像技术(3D),更可显示胃内壁黏膜,大大提高了胃癌检出率.因此,螺旋CT在胃肠道检查中应用前景广阔.……     

特殊类型硬膜下血肿的CT诊断

目的 探讨大脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT诊断特点,提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析23例大脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT表现和临床资料.结果 23例中大脑镰硬膜下血肿15例,CT表现为单侧呈细条状、宽带状高密度影,硬脑膜侧平直,外缘呈弧形或波浪状.小脑幕硬脑膜下血肿8例,CT表现单侧呈大片状高密度影4例、 双侧呈"U"形高密度影1例、累及大脑镰后部呈"Y"形高密度影3例.结论 大脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT表现具有特征性,CT复查在诊断、鉴别诊断中具有重要意义.     

特殊类型硬膜下血肿的CT诊断

目的 探讨大脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT诊断特点,提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析23例大脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT表现和临床资料.结果 23例中大脑镰硬膜下血肿15例,CT表现为单侧呈细条状、宽带状高密度影,硬脑膜侧平直,外缘呈弧形或波浪状.小脑幕硬脑膜下血肿8例,CT表现单侧呈大片状高密度影4例、 双侧呈＂U＂形高密度影1例、累及大脑镰后部呈＂Y＂形高密度影3例.结论 大脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT表现具有特征性,CT复查在诊断、鉴别诊断中具有重要意义.