腹茧症并泌尿系结石致肠坏死1例经验教训

1病例资料患者,男,45岁。因中下腹痛2 d于2007年4月入院。腹痛呈持续钝痛,无阵发加剧及放射痛,平卧加重,侧卧可缓解;呕吐少量胃内容物1次,不伴返酸、嗳气、腹胀、腹泻。腹部X线、B超、CT检查提示左肾、左输尿管结石,保守治疗无效而转中山大学附属第三医院泌尿外科。发病以来,肛门有排气无排便,小便正常。既往有类似腹痛史数年,均自行缓解;泌尿系结石病史3年。体检T 38.5℃,神清,精神可,中下腹隆起,未见胃肠形及蠕动波;腹肌稍紧,轻压痛、无反跳痛,中下腹扪及30 cm×30 cm包块,无痛、质韧、固定、分界不清;肾区无叩痛;肠鸣音正常。辅助检查:血WBC 25.0×109/L,N 0.91。血淀粉酶18 U/L,肝肾功能正常。尿沉渣:潜血(++),蛋白质(+)。腹部X线平片:左肾、输尿管结石;胃肠道未见液平及膈下游离气体。B超:左肾多发结石、膀胱小结石;肠管内充满粪团及气体强回声。保守治疗1 d,腹痛未缓解,转胃肠外科予禁食、胃肠减压、抗感染、止酸、解痉、生长抑素等治疗,腹痛减[修回日期]2008-12-01轻,胃肠减压呈墨绿色液1 080 m l,腹胀,包块压痛明显,无反跳痛,肠鸣音增强。血WBC 24....     

应用流式细胞技术及病理检测对直肠癌手术切除范围的再探讨

目的探讨直肠癌根治术合理的手术范围。方法应用病理检测和流式细胞技术,对30例直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术标本进行分析,观察直肠癌组织和癌远端3cm和5cm、正常肠管组织和癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜及正常结肠系膜组织的DNA倍体、DNA指数（DI）、增殖指数（PI）和增殖期细胞百分比（SPF）值的变化,并与病理检测相对照。结果病理检测结果显示：直肠癌远端3cm和5cm肠管中均未检测到癌浸润．而癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜癌转移率分别为26．7％和6．7％。流式细胞技术检测结果显示：癌组织的DI、P1和SPF值显著高于癌远端3cm和5cm及正常肠管组织,癌远端3cm肠管组织也显著高于癌远端5cm及正常肠管组织,而癌远端5cm肠管与正常肠管比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。癌组织细胞异倍体率与癌远端3cm肠管比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而显著高于癌远端5cm及正常肠管组织。癌组织的DI和异倍体率与癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜组织相比,差异无统计学意义．但显著高于正常系膜,而癌旁3cm和5cm直肠系膜组织的DI和异倍体率亦显著高于正常系膜。癌组织P1和SPF则显著高于癌旁3cm和5cm及正常系膜。结论病理学分析结果显示．直肠癌远端3cm肠管组织为安全组织;而流式细胞学分析结果显示．直肠癌远端3cm肠管组织和癌旁5cm直肠系膜为不安全组织;手术切除范围应达癌远端系膜5cm以上。     

小肠出血60例外科诊治体会

目的探讨小肠出血的诊治方法。方法收集本科1997年1月至2011年4月诊治的60例小肠出血患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有病例均行胃镜、纤维结肠镜,排除胃、十二指肠球部及结直肠病变,其中30例行数字减影血管造影(DSA),检出13例(43.3%);99mTc-RBC核素(ECT)检查26例,检出12例(46.2%);胶囊内镜(CE)检查10例,5例获得定性定位诊断(50%);30例术前诊断困难行剖腹探查确诊,其中腹腔镜探查确诊5例,12例结合术中肠镜完成,剖腹手术的确诊率达100%。所有病例行手术治疗,无围手术期死亡病例,54例获得随诊,随诊时间2个月～8年,均未再发小肠出血。结论小肠出血的定位定性诊断存在较大困难,DSA、ECT及胶囊内镜的诊断价值有限,如有手术指征应积极手术探查,必要时结合术中肠镜可提高诊断率和治愈率。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除术的对比研究及Meta分析

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术对急性阑尾炎的疗效和手术安全性。方法收集2006年10月至2007年10月问120例急性阑尾炎患者进行前瞻性研究,随机分为两组,分别采用腹腔镜阑尾切除（LA）术式和开腹阑尾切除（OA）术式,对手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、止痛药物应用时间、开始进食时间、住院天数和术后并发症等指标进行比较分析。并对1996年1月至2008年12月期间的该类前瞻性随机对照研究（RCT）文献进行Meta分析,比较两种术式手术时间、住院天数和并发症等指标。结果本组资料表明,两组手术时间、出血量无明显差异,而LA组肠功能恢复时间、止痛药物应用时间、住院天数明显短于OA组,LA组手术并发症也少于OA组;Meta分析有6组资料纳入,LA住院天数和手术并发症少于OA组,而两组的手术时间无明显差异。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有恢复时间短、术后疼痛轻、住院时间短和并发症发生率低等优点,值得推荐。     

原发性甲状旁腺肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗:附12例报告

目的探讨甲状旁腺肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析近5年余中山大学附属第三医院手术确诊、年龄11～71岁的12例甲状旁腺肿瘤临床资料。包括甲状旁腺癌并甲状腺肿及多发性内分泌腺瘤I型（MEN-1）1例；甲状旁腺囊肿1例；甲状旁腺瘤10例，其中1例为双侧甲状旁腺瘤并MEN-1，1例合并甲状腺肿，1例为异位腺瘤。结果依靠血钙、血磷、B超、CT及99mTc-MIBI等检查10例在术前确诊（2例术后确诊）。8例腺瘤和1例囊肿行单侧探查及甲状旁腺瘤切除；行双侧探查3例，其中1例甲状旁腺瘤并甲状腺肿行双侧甲状腺大部分切除（包括旁腺瘤），1例甲状旁腺癌为MEN-1行根治性切除及切除垂体肿瘤手术，1例甲状旁腺瘤并MEN-1术前行胰岛素瘤和肾上腺皮质瘤切除。平均随访时间38个月。随访期间11例血钙正常，8例无症状生存；1例腺瘤术后对侧甲状旁腺增生，再次手术。结论定位明确的单发甲状旁腺瘤或囊肿可单侧探查，MEN-1和腺癌或伴结节甲状腺肿者应双侧探查。术后密切随访不仅可确定手术效果，而且有利于早期发现复发患者和MEN-I患者。     

全反式维甲酸对人结肠癌LoVo细胞化疗药物敏感性及Survivin基因表达的影响

Objective To study the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on chemotherapeutics sensibility and expression of Survivin in human LoVo colon cancer cell line, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of ATRA.Methods Flow cytometer (FCM) was used to detect the cell cycle of LoVo colon cancer cell line after treated with various dose of ATRA (10-5 mol/L, 10-6 mol/L and 10-7 mol/L)for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 5 d, 9 d and 15 d respectively.The cells were divided into ATRA group (10-6 mol/L)and control group (cultured in routine medium RPMI1640).Meanwhile, each group were divided into subgroups respectively treated with 0 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L and 6 g/L 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) , or with 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L and 600 mg/L mitomycin (MMC).MTT assay was used to detect the viability of cells so as to analyze the change in chemotherapeutics sensibility.Drug interactions were analyzed according to the interaction effects.Staining with acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) was used to study the apoptosis in control group(RPMI1640) , ATRA group (10-6 mol/L), 5-FU group (4 g/L), MMC group (400 mg/L), ATRA (10-6 mol/L) + 5-FU (4 g/L) group and ATRA (10-6 mol/L) + MMC (400 mg/L) group.The expression of Survivin in the LoVo cell line was investigated by immunofluorescence technique.Results Compared with the control group, the percentage of cell in Go-G1 phase increased after interference with various doses of ATRA for 24 hours, peaked at 48 h, and gradually decreased afterwards, while the percentage of cells in stages S and G2-M decreased, reach the trough at 48 h, and then increased gradually.Effects of 10-6 mol/L ATRA were most significant at all time spots.Compared with control group, 10-6 mol/L ATRA reduced cell survival rate (P＜0.05),and the survival rates in control subgroups treated with various doses of 5-FU were significantly higher than those in ATRA group (all P＜0.05).In MMC-treated control group, cell survival rate with 200 mg/L MMC was lower than that in ATRA group (0.72±0.02 vs 1.03±0.13, P＜0.05) , while treatment with 400 mg/L or 600 mg/L MMC did not result in lower cell survival compared with the ATRA group (0.52±0.05 vs 0.39±0.02, 0.36±0.02 vs 0.36±0.01, all P>0.05).Positive interactions of 10-6 mol/L ATRA with 5-FU (2 g/L, 4 g/L, 6 g/L) or MMC (200 mg/L, 400 mg/L) were found.Under fluorescence microscope, cells in ATRA + 5-FU group and ATRA + MMC group showed significantly small size, pyknosis and chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies when compared with control group, ATRA group, 5-FU group and MMC group.Expression of Survivin was inhibited after 10-6 mol/L ATRA treatment for 48 h compared with control group (33.33% vs 27.96% , P＜0.05).Conclusion ATRA enhances the chemosensibility of LoVo colon cancer cell line to 5-FU and MMC,and induces cell apoptosis, potentially through inhibition of Survivin gene expression.     

小鼠异体Sertoli细胞诱导胰岛移植免疫耐受的作用

Objective To study whether the sertoli cell allograft can achieve the immunotolerance and protect the co-transplant islet allograft on the heterotopic situation. Methods The diabetic C57 mice were used as recipients, and healthy BALB/C mice as islet donors,respectively. Healthy BALB/C and C57 mice were used as testis sertoli cell donors. The recipients were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 mice in each group : group A: only transplant with islet allograft;group B: co-transplant with islet allograft and serto-li isograft;group C:co-transplant with islet allograft and sertoli allograft;group D:sham-operated group. The blood and urine glucose levels in the models, and the survival time of the graft were observed. Results The mean survive time of graft in groups A, B, and C was (6.50±2.35 ), (55.67±4.84), and (51.33± 5.05 ) days respectively. In group D, blood glucose level was abnormal. The hyperglycemia of the diabetic C57 mice could be reversed by the transplant methods of groups B and C. The mean survival time in groups B and C was longer than in group A P < 0.05, but there was no significant differences between groups B and C,P > 0.05. Conclusion The sertoli cells can induce local immunotolerance and protect the co-transplant islet allograft. Sertoli cell isograft can obtain the same local immunotolerance as the sertoli cell allograft.     

直肠系膜结构解剖和腔镜下观察的对比研究

摘 要： 【目的】 通过尸体解剖和手术录像对比研究直肠系膜、Ｄｅｎｏｎｖｉｌｌｉｅｒｓ筋膜、直肠侧韧带、直肠系膜周围间隙等结构的解剖特点,进一步了解全直肠系膜切除（ＴＭＥ）解剖根据。【方法】对５具成人男性尸体标本,进行解剖;复习我科腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除治疗的１０例中低位直肠癌男性患者手术录像资料。进行尸体和腔镜下直肠系膜结构的对比研究。 【结果】盆脏筋膜包绕直肠周围脂肪结缔组织、淋巴组织、供应直肠血管回流血管和神经等形成直肠系膜。而盆脏筋膜与盆壁筋膜之间有层疏松结缔组织,在直肠后方明显。直肠侧方盆腔自主神经分支形成致密类筋膜结构---侧韧带,而直肠前方位于Ｄｅｎｏｎｖｉｌｌｉｅｒｓ筋膜的后方,呈环周状包绕直肠的固有筋膜。【结论】大多数情况下,除了侧方的侧韧带,行ＴＭＥ正确的层面是无血管的疏松结缔组织层。游离过程应紧贴直肠系膜,保证系膜完整性,减少盆腔自主神经损伤。     

纳米仿生防粘连复合补片修复大鼠腹壁缺损中胶原合成功能的研究

目的评估纳米仿生、防粘连复合型疝补片修复腹壁疝的胶原蛋白合成功能的优劣,为临床提供实验依据。 方法选择成年SD雄性大鼠90只,随机分为3组：纳米仿生、防粘连复合型疝补片（nano-bionic and anti-adhesive compound hernia patch,NT）组,聚丙烯补片（polypropylene patch,PP）组及聚酯补片（polyester patch,PE）组,构建腹壁疝模型。根据分组将大小约3 cm× 2 cm的3组补片缝合于腹壁缺损处。术后观察大鼠一般情况,分别于术后4、6、8周处死大鼠各10只,大体观察腹腹壁手术区域胶原组织形成情况;剪取补片及其周围组织进行组织学观察,分析胶原蛋白表达情况,并进行Western bolt分析各组腹壁修复区域Ⅰ型胶原蛋白及Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达量。 结果各组大鼠术后一般情况均良好,未出现死亡等不良事件;腹壁手术区域,NT组触感柔软,异物感较少,未见明显腹腔脏器突出,纤维组织生长情况良好;PP组触感较僵硬,皮下可见大量新生血管长入,异物感较重,纤维组织生长情况一般;PE组大鼠腹壁修复区触感僵硬,皮下可见较多新生血管长入,纤维组织生长较好。组织学观察：术后各个时间点,NT组修补效果优于PP、PE组,NT组Ⅰ型胶原表达更多,Ⅲ胶原表达更少,比例更加合理,纤维结构更加成熟稳定。组织蛋白含量：随着时间推移,术后各组Ⅰ型胶原蛋白随着时间进展逐步增加,而且NT组在各个时间点明显高于PP组及PE组,差异有统计学意义;术后6周及术后8周NT组的Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比例基本保持在4∶1左右,较术后4周明显增加,而且在各个时间点上NT组均高于PP、PE组,差异有统计学意义。 结论在常规腹壁缺损无张力修补术过程中,NT补片在组织重构过程中比PP及PE补片更早形成成熟稳定的纤维结构,提供更加稳固的修复效果,适用于目前常规的腹壁疝修补,尤其是巨大腹壁缺损引起的腹壁疝。     

结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术与开放手术后机体体液代谢的对比研究

目的 分析腹腔镜辅助与开腹结直肠癌根治术对患者体液代谢的影响.方法 将49例行结直肠癌患者按其意愿分为腹腔镜组(n=22)和开放手术组(n=27),分别于手术前、手术结束停气腹后以及术后24 h抽取患者静脉血检测电解质变化情况,判断其体液代谢情况.结果 术前两组各项指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后两组中血清钾离子浓度水平均较术前显著性升高(P<0.05),术后24 h同术前相比,两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).术后各时点腹腔镜组血清钾离子低于开放手术组,而HCO_3~-浓度高于开放手术组(P<0.05),但两组之间以及各时点间钠、氯及钙离子的浓度无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 结直肠癌腹腔镜手术对机体体液代谢影响小于传统开放手术,但术后早期对于HCO_3~-浓度水平的影响较大,术中、术后补液时须注意监测其浓度变化.