微创经皮与传统开放椎弓根螺钉置入固定胸腰椎骨折的文献荟萃

BACKGROUND: Open reduction pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fracture could obtain satisfactory effects, and has been extensively used. However, it has potential risk during and after repair. Minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw technique minimizes the trauma and complications of soft tissue. It remains poorly understood which is better minimally invasive percutaneous or conventional open pedicle screw fixation for the repair of thoracolumbar fracture. OBJECTIVE: To perform quality evaluation and meta-analysis on curative effect and postoperative complications of minimally invasive percutaneous and conventional open pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: A detailed search of several electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, WanFang, CNKI, VIP and CBM, was undertaken. Simultaneously, Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics, Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, and Chinese Journal of Trauma were checked by hand to identify controlled trials regarding minimally invasive percutaneous and conventional open pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures published from inception to 2015, and the references of the included studies were checked. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, references were screened, data were extracted and quality was evaluated by four investigators independently. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. The quality of references of the included controlled trials was assessed with CONSORT statement and some surgery clinical evaluation indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We included 28 studies, including 25 randomized controlled trials/quasi-randomized controlled trials and 3 retrospective comparative studies, with 1 285 patients. Meta-analysis results demonstrated that compared with the conventional open pedicle screw, minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation could significantly reduce operation time, blood loss, hospital stays, postoperative complication rate and height loss (P < 0.05). No significant difference in postoperative pain grade was detected between them (P > 0.05). These results indicate that minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fracture was safe and reliable, had small trauma, less blood loss, rapid recovery, short hospital stay, and less postoperative complications. Nevertheless, methods and results of most studies are not detailed enough. We suggested reporting randomized controlled trials according to related standards in order to improve the report quality and authenticity of randomized controlled trials.       

成人种痘样水疱病样EB病毒相关淋巴细胞增生性疾病三例

3例均为成年女性患者,全身可见对称性分布的红色丘疹、水疱、结节、坏死结痂及凹陷性瘢痕,伴有发热、淋巴结肿大等系统症状。组织病理学示:真皮内淋巴样细胞浸润,部分围绕血管周围浸润。血清中EB病毒抗体IgG阳性,外周血淋巴细胞有高拷贝的EB病毒DNA。患者外周血免疫分型示异常成熟T细胞增生。     

让宝宝在游戏中集中注意力

“我家宝宝注意力不集中,和他一样大的小朋友,玩玩具能玩好长时间,他却坐不住。没有老实的时候。” “上亲子课时,别的宝宝都在听老师讲课,我家宝宝哪里有动静就被哪里吸引,根本不好好听课。”     

小分子干扰RNA沉默髓样细胞触发受体1对内毒素诱导小鼠巨噬细胞株RAW264.7分泌炎性因子的影响

 目的利用小分子干扰RNA探讨髓样细胞触发受体1在内毒素刺激小鼠巨噬细胞株RAW264.7分泌肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β中的作用。方法设计并合成干扰率高的小分子干扰RNA,以pLKO1.1为载体构建pLKO1.1-髓样细胞触发受体1干扰质粒。将小鼠巨噬细胞株RAW264.7分为4组：空白组;内毒素组;空质粒组（pLKO1.1组）：采用脂质体法将pLKO1.1转染细胞;干扰组（小分子干扰RNA组）：将pLKO1.1-髓样细胞触发受体1转染细胞,内毒素刺激24h后实时定量PCR分别检测髓样细胞触发受体1、肿瘤坏死因子α与白细胞介素1β的mRNA水平;以ELISA法分别检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β含量。结果与内毒素组比较,小分子干扰RNA组细胞中髓样细胞触发受体1、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β的mRNA含量显著下降(P<0.01);细胞培养上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β含量明显降低(P<0.01)。结论小分子干扰RNA可能通过抑制髓样细胞触发受体1基因的表达而减少内毒素诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β的分泌。     

“乔诺英－哈尔马格”中花青素的提取工艺研究

目的:采用单因素实验,确定“乔诺英－哈尔马格”中花青素的最佳提取工艺。方法: 用乙醇提取药
材,对比4 种提取方法( a:室温浸提b:超声提取c:微波提取d: 热回流提取) ,通过紫外分光光度计进行定量测
定,从而确定最佳提取方法。结果:室温浸提:浸渍24 h 提取效率最高;超声提取:超声25 min 提取效率最高; 微
波提取:解冻档位提取花青素含量最高;热回流提取: 回流30 min 提取效率最高。通过紫外分光光度计进行含
量测定,得出浸渍24 h 提取花青素效果最佳。结论:本文首次对从黑枸杞中提取花青素的几种方法进行分析比
较研究,并从中找出最佳方案,为进一步研究黑枸杞中花青素及其他有效成分奠定了基础。     

餐具烘干消毒机对组合套装食饮具消毒效果的观察

目的观察餐具烘干消毒机在食饮具消毒服务企业对组合套装食饮具的消毒效果。方法采用载体定量杀菌试验和现场消毒试验方法,对该餐具烘干消毒机对玻璃载体上大肠杆菌和餐具上自然菌的杀灭效果进行了检测。结果在餐具烘干消毒机正常消毒餐具条件下,机内干热温度130℃作用2.5 min、140℃作用2 min和180℃作用1.2 min,对玻璃载片上大肠杆菌平均杀灭对数值均≥5。该消毒机内温度在150℃~220℃、作用时间为2.0~1.2 min条件下,经采样检测5种100件餐饮具,消毒效果合格率为96.0%。结论干热型餐具烘干消毒机具有较好的消毒作用,可用于组合套装食饮具的消毒。     

肿瘤患者血培养病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解癌症患者血培养病原菌的分布特点及其耐药情况,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法对2006～2009年血培养阳性的病原菌进行鉴定及药敏分析。结果 4405例血培养标本分离出病原菌385株,阳性率为8.7%,其中革兰阴性杆菌208株(54.0%),革兰阳性球菌109株(28.3%),真菌46株(12.0%),厌氧菌22株(5.7%)。革兰阴性杆菌对碳青霉烯类敏感性高,万古霉素和利奈唑胺对革兰阳性球菌作用效果较好,没有发现耐万古霉素的菌株,但有5.6%的肠球菌对万古霉素处于中介。结论肿瘤患者血培养的病原菌分布较广,以大肠埃希菌和凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌(CNS)为主,耐药性严重,应加强对常用抗菌药物的耐药性监测。     

1989～2002年我国核心期刊研究成果统计分析

本文以《期刊工作文摘(1989～2000)》及《中文科技期刊数据库》为样本,对我国1989～2002年核心期刊研究的成果进行了统计分析,旨在概括近十几年来我国核心期刊研究的状况和主要发展趋势。     

CELL-DYN1600血细胞计算仪的使用与保养

<正> CELL-DYN1600是美国生产的全自动的血细胞计算仪。以下介绍我科在使用该仪器的过程中常碰到的问题及其维护经验。 一、仪器的使用 1.湿度:该机对温度没有规定,但对湿度却要求颇高,因仪器左边有部分露空,湿度太     

胎儿脐带绕颈的超声诊断及其影响因素

目的 评价超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈的临床价值。方法 对360例晚期妊娠孕妇进行超声检查，观察胎儿颈后有无压迹及脐血管回声，并与分娩结果进行对比分析。结果 超声检查有脐带绕颈者99例，其中绕颈1周者72例、2周者24例、3周以上者3例。误诊8例，漏诊2例。超声诊断与分娩结果的符合率为91．9％。结论 超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈方便、快捷，准确率高，但必须注意影响超声诊断准确性的因素。