腹腔镜脾切除术32例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy，LS）的可行性。方法我院1999年6月-2005年12月行LS32例，超声刀游离脾周韧带，血管切割缝合器离断脾蒂，脾脏装入塑料袋剪碎取出。结果LS成功29例，手术时间60-270min，平均100min；术中出血量30-1000ml，平均230ml。术后住院3—7d，平均5d，无术后并发症。3例中转开腹，1例为脾蒂出血，1例为胃短血管出血，1例为脾周围炎粘连紧密出血。22例特发性血小板减少性紫癜中18例血小板恢复正常，4例术后无升高。2例溶血性贫血术后血红蛋白升高。4例肝炎后肝硬化合并脾功能亢进者术后血小板恢复正常。结论腹腔镜脾切除术安全可行．尤其适合于血液系统疾病中须行脾切除者及脾脏本身病变者。     

内镜下胆道支架置入术在高位胆管恶性梗阻中的临床总结

目的探讨经内镜放置胆道支架治疗高位胆管恶性梗阻的疗效及影响因素。方法回顾性分析2008年8月～2014年4月168例高位胆管恶性梗阻行内镜胆道支架置入术的成功率、有效引流率、并发症发生率与30天死亡率、支架通畅时间及生存时间。结果 168例患者中148例成功通过ERCP置入塑料或金属支架,其中13例联合PTCD途径反向导丝与ERCP对接的会师技术置入,成功率88.1%;另外20例行两种处理方法仍未能成功,改行PTCD外引流;有效引流率为91.9%,早期并发症发生率为23.0%,总的支架有效时间59天,总的中位生存时间248天。结论高位胆管恶性梗阻的内镜治疗应根据个体化原则选择不同的治疗方案;内镜治疗过程中进行有效的操作,减少并发症,是临床内镜医生应重视的问题。     

骨髓源性肝干细胞的筛选、扩增和分化

Objective To explore the feasibility of direct separation, selective proliferation and differentiation of BDLSC from hone marrow cells with culture systems containing cholestatic serum in vitro.Methods Whole bone marrow cells of rats cultured in routine medium were replaced with con-ditioning selection media containing eholestatic sera of different concentrations after they attached to the plates.The optimal concentration of cholestatic serum was determined according to the outcome of the selected cultures.Then the selected BDLSC were induced to proliferating culture system and dif-ferentiating culture system.Each passage of the proliferated stem cells was subjected to flow cytome-try for detection of stem cell markers.The morphology and phenotypie markers of BDLSC were char-acterized using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and electron microscopy.The metabolic functions of differentiated cells were also determined by glycogen staining and urea assay.Results The 50 ml/L eholestatie serum was the optimal concentration for the selection of BDLSC at which BDLSC could sur-vive while the other populations of the bone marrow cells could not.The purified BDLSC could prolif-erate for 6 passages and maintained stable markers in our proliferating system.When the culture sys-tem changed to differentiating system, hepatocyte-like colony-forming units (HCFU) were formed.HCFU expressed markers of embryonic hepatoeytes (AFP, albumin and cytokeratin 8/18), biliary cells (cytokeratin 19), hepatocyte functional proteins (transthyretin and eytoehrome P450-2b1), and hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF-1α and HNF-3β).They also had glycogen storage and urea synthesis functions, two of the critical features of hepatocytes.Conclusion BDLSC can be selected directly from whole bone marrow cells and pure BDLSC can also proliferate for 6 passages.The differentiated cells have hepatocyte-like phenotype and function.BDLSC will he a new way to provide a readily avail-able alternate source of cells for clinical hepatocyte therapy.     

腹腔镜脾切除术初步体会(附3例报告)

目的　探讨应用腹腔镜施行脾切除术的方法及效果。方法　应用腹腔镜施行脾切除术 3例 ,分别为肝炎后肝硬化脾功能亢进、遗传性球形红细胞增多症及脾淋巴管瘤患者。结果　手术全部获得成功 ,平均手术时间为 3 7h( 2 .7～ 5h) ,平均术中失血 3 2 0ml( 2 0 0～ 45 0ml) ,均术后翌日恢复流质饮食 ,无术后并发症 ,平均术后住院 7d( 5～ 10d)。结论　腹腔镜脾切除术具有手术创伤小、术后疼痛轻、恢复快、伤口美观等优点 ,是一种安全可行的脾脏切除新方法。     

十二指肠镜下子母镜联合U-100激光治疗难治性胆总管结石的疗效

目的 观察十二指肠镜下子母镜联合U-100双频激光治疗难治性胆总管结石的疗效,评估其应用价值.方法 对39例结石直径大于2.0 cm以上、嵌顿性、多发结石无法经内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)用网篮取出的难治性胆总管结石患者,行十二指肠镜下子母镜联合U-100激光碎石取石.结果 全组均成功取石,其中行2次及以上ERCP的患者20例(51.3%).无胆管损伤、出血、穿孔、坏死性胰腺炎等严重并发症发生.结论 十二指肠镜下子母镜联合U-100激光碎石对于难治性胆总管结石患者的治疗是安全、有效的,但亦存在手术时间长、操作复杂、手术费用高等局限性.     

内镜技术在胆管结石的诊治进展

胆管结石(choledocholithiasis)是一种常见胆道疾病,是引起肝外阻塞性黄疸、梗阻化脓性胆管炎以及胰腺炎的最常见原因。主要症状有上腹部疼痛、黄疸和发热,即Charcot三联征。过去,胆管结石患者需要行胆总管切开探查取石术。这一传统手术方法对     

肝内胆管细胞癌细胞凋亡相关基因研究进展

细胞凋亡是由多基因调控所引起的细胞主动死亡的过程,肿瘤是细胞凋亡异常疾病,与肝内胆管细胞癌细胞凋亡相关的基因有p53、bcl-2、ras、cycin D1、p16、p27、survivin、c-myc、mdm-2等,它们与肝内胆管细胞癌的发生、发展、治疗和预后关系密切.     

腹腔镜胆总管切开术:T管引流还是一期缝合

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开术T管引流与一期缝合的适应证、手术特点及胆道并发症的防治。方法回顾性对比分析1997年11月～2005年11月该院116例腹腔镜胆总管切开术：T管引流组（54例）与一期缝合组（62例）的临床资料。结果对比两组胆总管内径、手术时间、术后胆漏及胆管狭窄，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05），一期缝合组术后胃肠功能恢复时间、补液时间及住院时间显著缩短（P〈0.01）。无手术死亡病例。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开术选择T管引流还是一期缝合，取决于其适应证。一期缝合的适应证较为严格，主要为术中取石干净及胆总管通畅，其手术效果明显优于T管引流；T管引流为术后胆道造影及胆道镜处理残留结石提供了有效途径。只有严格按照手术适应证并熟练掌握手术要点，才能有效防止胆道并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜脾切除术(附20例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术的可行性和方法。方法该院从1999年6月～2003年6月间共施行腹腔镜脾切除术20例，其中肝炎后肝硬化继发脾功能亢进7例、遗传性球型红细胞增多症1例、自身溶血性贫血l例，特发性血小板减少性紫癜8例、脾血管瘤1例，脾淋巴管瘤1例，脾囊肿1例。结果手术成功17例，平均手术时间3h，平均术中失血380ml，平均术后住院5d，无术后并发症。3例中转开腹，1例为脾蒂出血，1例为胃短血管出血，1例为脾周围炎粘连紧密出血。结论腹腔镜脾切除术是一安全可行的脾脏切除新方法，术中体位的选择、脾蒂的处理、巨脾的处理以及脾脏的取出等问题的合理处理是手术取得成功的关键。     

骨髓源性肝干细胞的筛选、扩增和分化

Objective To explore the feasibility of direct separation, selective proliferation and differentiation of BDLSC from hone marrow cells with culture systems containing cholestatic serum in vitro.Methods Whole bone marrow cells of rats cultured in routine medium were replaced with con-ditioning selection media containing eholestatic sera of different concentrations after they attached to the plates.The optimal concentration of cholestatic serum was determined according to the outcome of the selected cultures.Then the selected BDLSC were induced to proliferating culture system and dif-ferentiating culture system.Each passage of the proliferated stem cells was subjected to flow cytome-try for detection of stem cell markers.The morphology and phenotypie markers of BDLSC were char-acterized using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and electron microscopy.The metabolic functions of differentiated cells were also determined by glycogen staining and urea assay.Results The 50 ml/L eholestatie serum was the optimal concentration for the selection of BDLSC at which BDLSC could sur-vive while the other populations of the bone marrow cells could not.The purified BDLSC could prolif-erate for 6 passages and maintained stable markers in our proliferating system.When the culture sys-tem changed to differentiating system, hepatocyte-like colony-forming units (HCFU) were formed.HCFU expressed markers of embryonic hepatoeytes (AFP, albumin and cytokeratin 8/18), biliary cells (cytokeratin 19), hepatocyte functional proteins (transthyretin and eytoehrome P450-2b1), and hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF-1α and HNF-3β).They also had glycogen storage and urea synthesis functions, two of the critical features of hepatocytes.Conclusion BDLSC can be selected directly from whole bone marrow cells and pure BDLSC can also proliferate for 6 passages.The differentiated cells have hepatocyte-like phenotype and function.BDLSC will he a new way to provide a readily avail-able alternate source of cells for clinical hepatocyte therapy.