颈动脉内膜剥脱术相关临床问题的探讨

目的:探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉硬化狭窄的临床疗效并讨论与之相关的几个有争议的问题。方法:回顾性分析2000年10月至2007年10月间,72例因颈动脉狭窄而行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的患者资料。结果:全组无手术死亡。72例患者手术后均恢复良好,无严重并发症发生。随访的63例中,61例患者术前临床症状均有不同程度改善,观察期内无短暂性脑缺血发作。5例在颈动脉内膜剥脱术同期行冠状动脉搭桥术,疗效满意;4例颈动脉完全闭塞患者,手术后2例颈动脉血流再通。部分患者选择性应用术中转流技术,效果良好。结论:颈动脉内膜剥脱术是治疗颈动脉硬化安全、有效的手术方式,术中可选择性应用转流技术;对合并冠心病的颈动脉狭窄,主张同期联合手术;部分颈动脉完全闭塞者仍有手术重建血流的可能。     

主髂动脉重建围手术期危险因素的分析

目的:分析动脉硬化性主髂动脉闭塞,选择性血管外科重建围手术期主要并发症的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析1990年1月至2009年7月因动脉硬化主髂动脉闭塞,接受选择性外科血管重建手术的173例患者的资料。采用多因素回归分析,对影响围手术期主要并发症和死亡危险因素(心脑血管病史、心、肺、肾等重要脏器功能以及手术方式)进行分析。结果:围手术期主要并发症发生率为13.5%,危险因素有年龄(OR=8.435,95%CI=1.836～38.76,P=0.006)、SVS肾功能分级(Vascularsurgery/international society for cardiovascular surgery)(OR=2.56,95%CI=1.12～28.02,P=0.024)、SVS心脏分级(OR=5.605,95%CI=1.690～18.595,P=0.005)、SVS肺功能分级(OR=3.663,95%CI=1.134～11.829,P=0.03)、术式选择(OR=0.154,95%CI=0.033～0.713,P=0.017);围手术期病死率为6.4%,围手术期死亡的危险因素有年龄(OR=100.21,95%CI=4.085～2457.56,P=0.005)、SVS心脏分级(OR=11.91,95%CI=1.872～75.73,P=0.009)、术式选择(OR=0.003,95%CI=0.001～0.107,P=0.003)、肺气肿(OR=7.548,95%CI=1.63～34.93,P=0.01);结论:动脉硬化性主髂动脉闭塞患者多为老年患者,有较高的围手术期并发症风险,高龄(年龄70岁),明显心肺肾等重要脏器功能障碍(SVS心脏风险2级以上,肾功能3级,肺功能3级以上)患者手术风险明显增加,对于这些高危患者需要进行术前全面评估和严密的监测以及谨慎考虑术式。     

双向凝胶电泳在临床血浆蛋白质组学研究中的技术难点和解决方法

随着双向电泳技术中固相化pH梯度的发明、电喷雾质谱、基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术的应用,蛋白质组学技术已经越来越多的应用于疾病的研究中.临床蛋白质组学已经成为目前医学研究中的热点[1].血液标本因取材简便、应用价值高,因此血浆蛋白质组学最具有应用前景,并成为临床蛋白质组学研究中关注的重要问题.     

华法林在我国治疗静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的最优抗凝区间

目的 前瞻性研究我国静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)患者不同华法林抗凝强度区间的出血率和VTE复发率及寻找最优国际标准化比值(INR)区间.方法 将2006年10月至2007年7月间安贞医院收治的180例VTE患者作为研究对象,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组各60例,分别对应INR目标区问是1.50～1.99(低强度抗凝组)、2.00～2.50(中等强度抗凝组)及2.51～3.00(高强度抗凝组).INR稳定在目标区间2周以上后,开始正式观察每组大、中、小量出血率及VTE复发率.研究者及观察对象均遵循盲法原则.结果 低强度组与中高强度组的复发率分别为8.3%、1.7%(P=0.042).低、中、高强度抗凝3组间少量出血率分别为8.3%、18.3%及6.7%(P=0.089);低与中高强度组中量出血率分别为3.3%、7.5%(P=0.341);低与中高强度组大量出血率分别为0%、3.3%(P=0.303).62岁以上人群,中低强度组大出血(1例)与高强度组(3例)相比(即INR从1.5～2.5增加到2.51～3.00),危险比为12.600(95%可信区间为1.183～134.238).结论 对于一般中国人.华法林抗凝INR在2.0～3.0之间既能减少VTE复发风险又不增加出血风险,故INR应推荐在2.0～3.0之间.对于年龄62岁以上的高龄人群,INR应推荐在2.0～2.5之间.     

大动脉炎胸腹主动脉狭窄的腔内血管成形术

目的：总结应用经皮穿刺血管腔内成形术（Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗12例大动脉炎胸腹主动脉狭窄的经验，方法：1987年－2001年，我科应用PTA治疗12例胸腹主动脉型多发性大动脉炎，以扩张前后动脉造影以及术中狭窄段两端测压判断疗效。术后应用上，下肢Doppler和彩色超声检查为随访手段。结果：12例PTA均获得成功，除1例患儿术后发生髂股动脉急性血栓形成外，无其它严重并发症出现，无死亡率，本组病例扩张后病变狭窄均小于50％，扩张前狭窄段近远端压力差为25mmHg-46mmHg，平均37．7mmHg；扩张后压力差降至5．0mmHg－10．5mmHg，平均7．2mmHg。本组病例术后随访12月－72月，无再狭窄或阻塞。结论：PTA治疗胸腹主动脉型多发性大动脉炎，安全，有效，经济。PTA是短段狭窄的胸腹主动脉型多发性大动脉炎的首选治疗方法。对长段狭窄的病例PTA仍是可行而有效的治疗手段，操作时不必免强将狭窄段动脉扩张正常管径，有效地降低跨狭窄段压力差即可取得满意疗效。     

浅静脉剥脱术治疗合并深浅静脉反流的下肢静脉曲张

目的 探讨下肢浅静脉剥脱术对合并深、浅静脉反流的静脉曲张的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2006年12月选取合并深浅静脉反流患者20例共22条下肢,以单纯浅静脉反流患者22例共27条下肢为对照,采用传统静脉剥脱手术方法治疗.以静脉临床严重程度评分(venous clinical severity score,VCSS)临床评分体系以及彩色多普勒超声检查观察二组术前以及术后2年临床症状改善以及深静脉反流程度的变化.结果 深浅静脉反流组和单纯浅静脉反流组术前VCSS分别为(7.1±2.9)分和(6.6±2.0)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.44).术后两组VCSS分别为(2.3±1.2)分和(1.8±0.8)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.13).随访两年各组手术前后VCSS评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),2年后超声检查深浅静脉反流组中深静脉反流程度无改变肢体11条,改善7条,加重4条,单纯浅静脉反流组4个肢体出现深静脉反流.结论 浅静脉剥脱术可改善合并深静脉反流患者的临床症状,对深静脉反流总体无影响.     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗方法

Objective To evaluate the effect on ultrasound-guided locsl comprression and surgical to treat iatrogenic fem- oral artery pseudoanerurysms. Methods 197 patients were diagnosed as iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms from Apri 1199 to April 2008.There were 122 male and 75 female, aged 59.7 years (rimed 40- 81 years). One. Hundrel and severty-one stahle cases were managed by ultrasound-guided local compression initially and 26 patients were directly treated with surgical repair because d the rupture of femoral artery pesudoaneurysms or the pseudoaneurysms≥40mm in diameter. Results 171 patients received llocal com- pression therapy, 137 cases were cured directly (the effective rate was 80%), but the last failed 34 cases were required conversion to surgical reparr. The nymber of the surgical repaired patients was 60 (incluing 26 cases with direct operation and 34 cases with required conversion to surgical repair). Forty-seven patients received direct excision of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, six patients underwent angioplasty with autogenously saphenous vein patch, and seven patients got bypass operation with artificial vascular graft. During the perioperative period, no serious complications including bleeding, neuralgia, and lymphatic fistula even arterio venous fis- tula and so on, no death occurred. All patients were followed up for 1 month to5 years after the procedures, no local FAP recurred, no limb ischemia developed and no deaths occurred. Conclusion Uitrasound-guided compression, surgical repair, and ultrasound- guided percutaneous thrombin injection are the three main modalities of treating iatrogenic FAP, while ultrasound-guided compresson and magical therapy get popularized domestically. Ultrasound-guided comperession seems a safe, inexpensive, and effective method for the managerment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. It may be used as a lust-line therapetic modality for mint of the un-complicated patients. However, surgical repair can be reserved for those who failed comperssion therapy or unsuitable as mentioned above.     

外科手术在肾下腹主动脉瘤治疗中的地位(附187例手术经验)

目的：就肾下型腹主动脉瘤的治疗经验，讨论外科手术的实用性和前途。方法：回顾分析1992年1月至2004年2月择期行肾下型腹主动脉瘤切除术187例，将其结果与经腔内治疗者作比较。结果：围手术期死亡1例(0．54％)，死亡原因是术后6h出现频发室性早搏、室颤，诱发大面积心肌梗死。手术时间平均为3．8h；出血量平均470ml．输血量445ml。ICU内恢复时间为12～24h。围手术期并发症包括心力衰竭17例，呼吸衰竭8例，急性心肌梗死2例，急性脑梗死1例，急性肾功能衰竭3例，无术后严重出血或失血性休克发生，也无下肢动脉栓塞发生。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为97．0％、84．6％及78.3％，随访期间病人死亡者的原因与腹主动脉瘤和手术无关。经腔内治疗手术目前仍有较高的中、远期并发症。结论：瘤体直径不能作为手术适应证的唯一指标。术前同时应确切评价全身重要脏器功能。影响腹主动脉瘤手术的危险因素主要是高龄、严重心、肺疾患及肾功能不全等。迄今，经腹手术仍是治疗腹主动脉瘤的主要方法。     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗方法

Objective To evaluate the effect on ultrasound-guided locsl comprression and surgical to treat iatrogenic fem- oral artery pseudoanerurysms. Methods 197 patients were diagnosed as iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms from Apri 1199 to April 2008.There were 122 male and 75 female, aged 59.7 years (rimed 40- 81 years). One. Hundrel and severty-one stahle cases were managed by ultrasound-guided local compression initially and 26 patients were directly treated with surgical repair because d the rupture of femoral artery pesudoaneurysms or the pseudoaneurysms≥40mm in diameter. Results 171 patients received llocal com- pression therapy, 137 cases were cured directly (the effective rate was 80%), but the last failed 34 cases were required conversion to surgical reparr. The nymber of the surgical repaired patients was 60 (incluing 26 cases with direct operation and 34 cases with required conversion to surgical repair). Forty-seven patients received direct excision of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, six patients underwent angioplasty with autogenously saphenous vein patch, and seven patients got bypass operation with artificial vascular graft. During the perioperative period, no serious complications including bleeding, neuralgia, and lymphatic fistula even arterio venous fis- tula and so on, no death occurred. All patients were followed up for 1 month to5 years after the procedures, no local FAP recurred, no limb ischemia developed and no deaths occurred. Conclusion Uitrasound-guided compression, surgical repair, and ultrasound- guided percutaneous thrombin injection are the three main modalities of treating iatrogenic FAP, while ultrasound-guided compresson and magical therapy get popularized domestically. Ultrasound-guided comperession seems a safe, inexpensive, and effective method for the managerment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. It may be used as a lust-line therapetic modality for mint of the un-complicated patients. However, surgical repair can be reserved for those who failed comperssion therapy or unsuitable as mentioned above.