重视宫颈癌患者年轻化的趋势

探讨宫颈癌年轻化的有关因素 ,临床特点和诊治问题。国内外资料显示≤35岁(或<30岁)妇女宫颈癌发病率由70年代的8 6/10万增加到80年代初的16 1/10万。中国医学科学院肿瘤医院年轻宫颈癌在全部宫颈癌中所占比例由70年代的1 22% ,80年代的1 42% ,到90年代的9 88%。宫颈癌年轻化的原因可能与性因素、病毒感染 ,尤其是人乳头瘤病毒感染(HPVI)等有关。年轻宫颈癌中腺癌比例增高 ,中、晚期占多数 ,预后较差。在诊治中强调三早 ,90年代末使用的TheThinpreppaptest(TCT)新柏氏超薄细胞检测新技术大大提高细胞学涂片质量 ,减少了细胞学的假阴性。治疗中应注重个体化 ,保留生育和生理功能     

卵巢癌体表淋巴结转移的影响因素

探讨卵巢癌体表淋巴结转移的影响因素的关系。方法回顾性分析我院１９５８－１９９５年收治的７５例卵巢癌体表淋巴结转移的临床病理资料。年龄范围２０－６５岁，Ⅰ－Ⅳ期分别为５、８、２５和３７例；原发灶上皮来源占９６％，其中浆液性腺癌占９２％，在治疗后出现转移的３８例中，术后残存肿瘤〈２ｃｍ１１例，〉２ｃｍ２７例；     

THE INFECTION OF EBV FOR CERVICAL EPITHELIUM-A NEW CAUSITIVE AGENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERVICAL CARCINOMAS?

Epstein-Barr virus was considered as a caustive agent for Burrkitt' s lymphoma and non-malignant B lymphocytes proliferation. The recent studies revealed the striking association of the Infection of EBV with the development of human epithelial tumors. 43 specimens of normal exfoliated cervical epithelial cells, 47 biopsies of chronic cervlcitis and 80 tissue samples of cervical carcinomas were tested for the presences of EBV W fragments by using dot blot hybridization method. The results showed that the detectable rates of EBV DNA sequences In the normal exfoliated epithelium, the chronic cervlcitis and cervical carcinomas were 44.16%, 12.77% and 13.75%, respectively. Eleven EBV positive DNA samples from cervical cancers were also examined for the presence of HPV DNA. The result showed 9 out of 11 were HPV DNA positive, the cultanious infectious rate of both viruses was about 81.81%.In this paper, the EBV genomes existed In the part of biopsies of cervical carcinomas were first reported. The results Imp     

宫颈上皮内瘤变150例临床分析

目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析1984年1月至1998年12月住院治疗的150例CIN的临床资料。结果宫颈细胞学检查诊断的阳性率为76．65,与宫颈管细胞学检查联合应用诊断的阳性率为78．8％,两者比较无显著性差异。细胞检查结合阴道镜下活检诊断CIN阳性率为95．3％,与单一细胞学诊断相比较,有显著性差异。阴道镜下活检与病理诊断的符合率为91．6％,镜下活检与宫颈管刮术结合诊断的阳性率明显高于单纯阴道镜下活检。141例采用手术治疗,无1例切缘阳性;9例原位癌采用腔内放疗,全组无1例复发或死亡。结论宫颈细胞学检查结合阴道镜检是诊断CIN的有效方法,对绝经后妇女应同时行宫颈管刮术,对不宜手术的原位癌患者可行单纯腔内放疗。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒载量与子宫颈病变的关系

Objective To determine the association between viral load of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from 18 186 women aged 17 -59 from six urban areas and eight rural areas when they were screened in the cross-sectional population-based studies from 1999 to 2008. HR-HPV was detected by the Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) system, and viral load was measured by the ratio of relative light units to standard positive control (RLU/PC). RLU/PC was categorized for analysis into four groups: negative [0, 1.00),low viral load [1.0, 10.00), moderate viral load [10.00, 100.00), and high viral load 100. 00. Cervical lesions were diagnosed by biopsies as normal, CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and squamous cervical cancer (SCC). Association between HR-HPV viral load and CIN was evaluated by unconditional multinomial logistic regression. Results The HR-HPV infection rate of the population was 14. 51% (2515/17 334). 100. 00% (29/29) of SCC,97. 63% (206/211) of CIN 3,93.43% (199/213) of CIN 2,75.04% (421/ 561) of CIN 1 and 10. 17% (1660/16 320) of normal women were positive for HR-HPV DNA. The median RLUs for the HR-HPV positive women with SCC,CIN 3,CIN 2,CIN I and normal were 320. 85,158. 05, 143. 70,125.34 and 9. 64, respectively. There were significant differences among the distributions of viral loads in each lesion (X2=6190. 40,P<0. 01). The severity of CIN increased with the viral load (X2=5493. 35 ,P<0. 01). Compared with the risks of CINs in HR-HPV negative population,the risks of CINs in low,moderate and high viral loads were increased gradually [OR(95% CI) : CIN 1 : 9. 01 (6. 31 -12. 87), 24.96(18.23 -34. 17) and 68.42(51.40 -91.08); CIN 2:26.44(12.07 -57.95),98. 53 (49. 54 -195.98) and 322. 88(168.62 -618. 27) ; CIN 3 + : 72. 89(24.02 -221.18) ; 343. 58(121.81 -969.09) Was 3115.05,2413.95 and 3098.57, respectively. P<0.01) . In each age group of the HR-HPV positive population,the risks of CIN 2 + in the women with moderate or high viral load were higher than the one with low viral load [OR(95%CI):<35: 4. 71(1.23-18.09) and 15.06(4.40-51.49); 35-: 4.01 (1.62-9.90) and 14.09(6. 15 -32.28); 40-: 3.06(1.52 -6. 16) and 7.78(4.05 -14.95); ≥45: 3. 50(1.36 -9. 01) and 7. 57 (3. 13 -18. 30)], and there was a positive correlation between the risk of CIN 2 + and the viral load (Xtrend2was 51. 33,66. 28,53. 64 and 51.00,respectively. P<0. 01). The risk of CIN 2 + was highest among the women aged 40 -with high viral load [0R(95% CI):2.02 (1.15 -3. 52)]. Conclusion There is strong correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the severity of CIN, and so is the correlation between the HR-HPV viral load and the risk of CIN 2 +. A moderate to high viral load of HR-HPV should be the major risk factor for the cervical cancer and CIN 2 and CIN 3,and there is a higher risk in the women aged 35 or older than the younger ones. Considering both the age and viral load could help the doctors to manage the screening women more effectively.     

子宫内膜癌手术病理分期的临床意义

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌手术病理分期的临床意义。方法 对我院1995年1月至1999年12月间初治为手术治疗的96例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,术前采用临床分期术后采用手术病理分期,对这两种分期方法进行比较。结果 两种分期不符合率为45．8％（44／96）,其中临床Ⅰ期为24．0％（12／50）,Ⅱ期76．9％（30／39）,Ⅲ期为5例中2例。盆腔淋巴结转移率为10．3％（8／78）,其中临床Ⅰb期为16例中1例,Ⅱ期14．7％（5／34）。子宫外盆腔转移率14．6％（14／96）,其中临床Ⅰb期为19例中2例,Ⅱ期23．1％（9／39）。卵巢转移率9．4％（9／96）,其中临床Ⅰa期为9．7％（3／31）,Ⅱ期为10．3％（4／39）。腹腔冲洗液细胞学阳性率为7．9％（7／89）,其中临床Ⅰ期为4．0％（2／50）,Ⅱ期为10．3％（4／39）。大网膜转移率5．2％（5／96）,阑尾转移率2．1％（2／96）。经单因素分析,临床分期、子宫肌层浸润深度、病理分级和组织学类型均与盆腹腔转移有关（P＜0．01,0．05）。经多因素相关分析,前3个因素间比较,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 手术病理分期较临床分期准确,临床分期尤其是临床Ⅱ期的误差率较高,临床处理上应予重视。子宫内膜癌盆腹腔转移与临床分期、子宫肌层浸润深度、病理分级密切相关。手术病理分期能客观判断预后,并指导治疗。Ⅲ     

微生态制剂对肝性脑病患者肠道菌群及血氨的影响

目的观察微生态制剂对肝性脑病患者肠道菌群及血氨的影响,并讨论其可能机制。方法选取42例确诊为肝性脑病的患者,随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组各21例,对照组给予常规综合治疗,治疗组在常规综合治疗的基础上给予口服微生态制剂治疗,在治疗前1d及治疗两周后分别检测并比较两组患者肠道菌群及血氨水平的变化;采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析,计量数据以均数±标准差表示,两组间均数比较用t检验。结果治疗前两组患者的肠道菌群及血氨水平无明显差异;对照组患者治疗前肠道菌群水平和治疗后无明显变化,差异无统计学意义,治疗后血氨水平下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗后乳杆菌属(9.68±0.85)lgCFU/g和肠球菌属的菌落数(11.06±1.11)lgCFU/g较治疗前显著增加,较对照组治疗后显著增加(P<0.01),治疗组患者酵母样真菌菌落数(3.51±0.43)lgCFU/g在治疗后较治疗前明显降低,亦较对照组治疗后明显降低(P<0.01);治疗后治疗组血氨水平(38.9±9.7)mmol/L较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),较对照组治疗后亦降低(P<0.05)。结论在常规综合治疗的前提下,微生态制剂可增加肝性脑病患者肠道乳杆菌等益生菌,维持肠道微生态平衡,减少肠源性血氨的产生,从而减轻血氨对大脑的损害,临床疗效确切。     

宫颈腺上皮内瘤样病变的临床分析

目的　探讨宫颈腺上皮内瘤样病变 (cervicalglandularintraepithelialneoplasia ,CGIN)的临床特点和治疗。方法　回顾性分析 12例CGIN的临床表现、术前宫颈细胞学、宫颈活检和 或宫颈管刮术 (ECC)、治疗方法、术后病理等资料。结果　 12例CGIN均为低度病变 (L -CGIN)。 1992～ 1997年有 3例 (2 5 0 % ) ,1998～2 0 0 3年有 9例 (75 0 % )。 33 3% (4 12 )宫颈脱落细胞学显示腺上皮异常 ,5 0 0 % (6 12 )宫颈多点活检为腺非典型性 ,2 12ECC提示腺异常 ;综合细胞学、活检、ECC等方法 ,术前 6 6 7% (8 12 )可发现腺体异常。 4 1 7%(5 12 )为单纯CGIN ,5 8 3% (7 12 )合并CIN ;术前对于单纯CGIN腺体异常的检出并未较CGIN合并CIN容易(P >0 0 5 )。 6 6 7% (8 12 )行子宫切除术 ,33 3% (4 12 )仅行冷刀锥切术。平均随访 5 0 4个月 ,均无复发或癌变。结论　宫颈细胞学联合阴道镜下宫颈多点活检和 或ECC可提高CGIN的术前诊断率 ;CGIN常合并CIN ;宫颈冷刀锥切术是年轻妇女保留生育功能者的有效治疗方法。     

子宫颈癌综合治疗的几个问题

1　综合治疗的必要性　　子宫颈癌综合治疗始于 4 0～ 5 0年代。 10多年来 ,宫颈癌的综合治疗日益受到关注 ,综合治疗已成为现代处理宫颈癌的一个重要策略。　　众所周知 ,手术和放疗是宫颈癌的主要治疗方法 ,早期以手术治疗为主 ,中晚期大多采用放射治疗。然而 ,尽管手术技巧、放疗设备和技术不断改进 ,4 0年来宫颈癌的治疗效果并无根本提高 ,总 5年生存率在 5 0 %左右徘徊。而具有预后不良因素的宫颈癌患者预后差 ,5年生存率低 ,如不少作者报道早期宫颈癌ⅠB1期 (局部肿瘤 <4cm直径 )的 5年生存率为 80 %～ 90 % ,ⅠB2期 (局部肿瘤≥ 4cm…