前瞻性心电门控双源CT冠状动脉成像在高心率患者中应用的可行性研究

Objective To explore the optimal reconstruction windows in patients with heart rate (HR) over 91 (beats per minute) bpm, and to explore the feasibility of prospective ECG-gated DSCT coronary angiography.Methods Two hundred and thirty-two patients[body mass index (BMI):23-25 kg/m2, with stable HR, and average HR ≥91 bpm]with suspected or known coronary artery disease underwent retrospective ECG-gated DSCT coronary angiography.They were divided into 3 groups (A-C) according to the average HR of scanning.Images were reconstructed from 29% to 80% of the R-R interval in 3% increments.Two independent readers assessed the overall image quality by a five-point scale and determined the optimal reconstruction windows of each coronary segment and the ranges.Coronary arteries were segmented according to the guideline of the American Heart Association (AHA).The degree of interobserver agreement was determined by Kappa statistics.Results Three thousand three hundred and fortythree segments were considered to have diagnostic image quality in 232 patients.The ranges of optimal reconstruction windows of images were concentrated on 81%-61% and 51%-31%.In group A(91-95 bpm), there were 1183 segments in 83 patients, and the according proportions were 5.49%, 94.51%,respectively; In group B(96-100 bpm), there were 986 segments in 68 patients, and the according proportions were 0.20%, 99.80%, respectively; In group C(≥ 101 bpm), there were 1174 segments in 81 patients, and the according proportions were 0.17%, 99.83%, respectively.The optimal construction windows in 3274 segments out of 3343 segments in 232 patients were concentrated in 41%, ranged from 51%-31%.The image quality assessment in 3343 segments in 232 patients have a high inter-observe agreement (Kappa=0.883,P <0.05).Conclusion The optimal reconstruction windows of patients with stable HR(≥91 bpm) was concentrated in 41%, ranged from 51%-31%.When nothing except the window of data acquisition is considered, the prospective ECC,-gated DSCT coronary angingraphy can be used in patients with stable HR(≥91 bpm).     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤CT表现(附七例报告)

夹层动脉瘤（DissectingAneurysmoftheAorta），又称剥离性血肿。1761年morgagni首次报告，1976牟Axelbaum第一次CT检查主动脉瘤，1979年Sanders等对5名患者用CT增强扫描与主动脉造影对比观察，认为非侵人性CT检查对本病诊断有很强的特异性。我院经CI”检查7例，报告如下，以期提高对本病的诊断水平。资料和方法7例中，男5例，女2例，年龄41～69岁。病史中均有剧烈胸痛或上腹痛，其中5例有高血压病史。CT为西门子DR及ELSCINTCTtwin均行平扫加强化扫描。CT所见1．病变部位；瘤变累及升主动脉、弓部、降主动脉及上段腹主动脉1例；…     

前瞻性心电门控双源CT冠状动脉成像在高心率患者中应用的可行性研究

Objective To explore the optimal reconstruction windows in patients with heart rate (HR) over 91 (beats per minute) bpm, and to explore the feasibility of prospective ECG-gated DSCT coronary angiography.Methods Two hundred and thirty-two patients[body mass index (BMI):23-25 kg/m2, with stable HR, and average HR ≥91 bpm]with suspected or known coronary artery disease underwent retrospective ECG-gated DSCT coronary angiography.They were divided into 3 groups (A-C) according to the average HR of scanning.Images were reconstructed from 29% to 80% of the R-R interval in 3% increments.Two independent readers assessed the overall image quality by a five-point scale and determined the optimal reconstruction windows of each coronary segment and the ranges.Coronary arteries were segmented according to the guideline of the American Heart Association (AHA).The degree of interobserver agreement was determined by Kappa statistics.Results Three thousand three hundred and fortythree segments were considered to have diagnostic image quality in 232 patients.The ranges of optimal reconstruction windows of images were concentrated on 81%-61% and 51%-31%.In group A(91-95 bpm), there were 1183 segments in 83 patients, and the according proportions were 5.49%, 94.51%,respectively; In group B(96-100 bpm), there were 986 segments in 68 patients, and the according proportions were 0.20%, 99.80%, respectively; In group C(≥ 101 bpm), there were 1174 segments in 81 patients, and the according proportions were 0.17%, 99.83%, respectively.The optimal construction windows in 3274 segments out of 3343 segments in 232 patients were concentrated in 41%, ranged from 51%-31%.The image quality assessment in 3343 segments in 232 patients have a high inter-observe agreement (Kappa=0.883,P <0.05).Conclusion The optimal reconstruction windows of patients with stable HR(≥91 bpm) was concentrated in 41%, ranged from 51%-31%.When nothing except the window of data acquisition is considered, the prospective ECC,-gated DSCT coronary angingraphy can be used in patients with stable HR(≥91 bpm).     

多层螺旋CT动态强化扫描诊断原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤

目的应用多层螺旋CT动态强化扫描探讨其对原发性恶性胃淋巴瘤患者的价值.方法通过对12例胃淋巴瘤病人进行动态强化扫描,分别对各病例进行诊断.结果所有病人分为局限性肿块型、弥漫浸润型和溃疡型,其中局限性肿块型6例,弥漫性浸润型3例,溃疡型3例.本组诊断准确性为75%.结论多层螺旋CT动态强化扫描在原发性胃淋巴瘤的诊治中具有独特的优越性.     

64层螺旋CT在评价冠状动脉支架中的价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在评价冠状动脉支架中的价值。方法对56例冠状动脉支架术后患者行MSCT冠状动脉造影检查,利用MSCT的各种先进的图像后处理功能对各支冠状动脉进行重建,以显示冠状动脉支架的形态、位置并观察有无再狭窄。结果在56例行MSCT冠状动脉造影的患者中1例由于患者有严重的窦性心率不齐,重建图像质量欠佳,其余患者均成功显示冠状动脉各主支(左主支、回旋支、前降支右支冠状动脉)及部分3、4级分支,且可显示所有冠状动脉支架的形态、位置,其中18例患者的31个支架术后出现再狭窄,所有行MSCT冠状动脉造影检查的患者无一例出现并发症,所有CT诊断支架术后再狭窄的患者同时行选择性血管造影检查,其中14例患者的25个支架有支架术后再狭窄,CT诊断的准确率为80.65%。结论64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影是评价冠状动脉支架的一种安全可靠的检查方法。     

主动脉瓣病变的影像学研究进展

随着人口老龄化程度的加剧,主动脉瓣退行性病变导致的狭窄及关闭不全成为老年人主动脉瓣换瓣治疗的主要病因。因此,准确评估主动脉瓣病变患者的瓣环直径、瓣膜和瓣周毗邻病变情况以及冠状动脉和心功能对于该类疾病的临床决策及预后判断具有十分重要的意义。本文拟就目前临床应用最为广泛的超声心动图、计算机断层扫描以及磁共振在主动脉瓣膜置换术前影像学评估中的优缺点以及研究进展作一综述,旨在为换瓣患者的术前评价提供更为丰富和客观的临床资料。     

双源CT不同扫描方式在肺动脉成像临床应用

目的 比较第一代与Flash双源CT不同扫描方式在肺动脉成像时剂量与图像质量.方法 收集120例临床疑诊为PE患者,按扫描方式随机分为4组：A组行第一代双源CT双能量扫描（80/140kV）,B组行flash双源CT双能量扫描（80/sn140kV）,C组行flash双源CT双能量扫描（100/sn140kV）,D组行flash双源CT双能量扫描（140/80kV）.比较4组间的CT容积剂量指数（CT dose volume index,CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（dose length product,DLP）、背景噪声和肺动脉信噪比.结果 各组间患者一般情况没有明显统计学差异.B组的CTDIvol,DLP值明显低于A、C两组,图像质量明显好于D组.结论 flash双源CT（80/sn140kV）在获得满意的图像质量的同时可以减低辐射剂量.     

光子探测器双源CT70kV联合低对比剂在冠状动脉CTA中的应用

目的：探讨 Stellar 光子探测器双源 CT 70 kV 管电压联合30 mL 低对比剂前瞻性大螺距扫描在冠状动脉 CTA 中的应用价值。方法60例体质量指数(BMI<24.9 kg/m2)正常行冠状动脉 CTA 检查者,随机分为2组(A 组：管电压70 kV、对比剂30 mL;B组：管电压100 kV、对比剂50 mL),每组30例,2组均采用 Stellar 光子探测器双源 CT 前瞻性大螺距螺旋式扫描技术进行扫描。A组采用 SAFIRE 迭代重建技术,B 组采用滤过反投影(FBP)技术重建;客观评价包括测量 CT 值、计算信号噪声比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)及记录有效辐射剂量(ED),并用4分法对图像质量评分。组间对比采用独立样本 t 检验。结果冠状动脉图像质量评分分别为(3.38±0.942)分、(3.50±0.682)分,组间差异无统计学意义(t =-0.562,P >0.05);A 组患者冠状动脉各节段 CT 值高于B 组(P 均<0.01),2组间 SNR、CNR 差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。A 组患者辐射剂量为(0.19±0.023)mSv ,B 组患者辐射剂量为(0.81±0.101)mSv,A 组较 B 组下降76.5%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。结论光子探测器双源 CT 70 kV 管电压联合30 mL低对比剂在正常 BMI 患者冠状动脉 CTA 检查中,在获取满足诊断要求图像质量的同时显著降低 ED 及对比剂用量。     

双源CT双能量血管成像对颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨双源CT双能量血管成像(DE-CTA)对颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的诊断价值.方法 选择14例临床疑诊CCF的患者进行DE-CTA.利用直接能最减影后的数据进行去骨图像重组,同时将能量平均后数据进行非去骨图像重组.由4名多年从事脑血管疾病影像诊断的放射科医师独立分析图像,其中2名评价颈内动脉海绵窦段DE-CTA的图像质量,2名评价瘘口位置、数量、大小及有无异常的颅内静脉扩张,比较各种后处理方法对CCF瘘口及相关病变的显示情况.利用Kappa检验分析2名医师对图像质量评价的一致性.利用t检验及相关性分析评价去骨与非去骨重组图像测得的瘘口大小.结果 14例患者28条颈内动脉颅内段均可以满足影像评价标准.14例患者经行双能量直接去骨颅脑CTA检查均确诊为CCF,其中,病变位于双侧2例,左侧7例,右侧5例.14例患者共16处病变,非去骨及去骨重组图像均发现瘘口16处.去骨及非去骨重组图像测得瘘口的平均大小分别为(0.36±0.10)、(0.35±0.11)mm,两者差异无统计学意义(t=0.29,P＞0.05),且二者测量值之间有很好的相关性(r=0.97,P＜0.05).去骨重组图像发现8例患者13支大脑皮质静脉扩张,非去骨重组图像仅发现6例患者9支大脑皮质静脉扩张.结论 DE-CTA图像多种重组方法相结合对CCF的诊断和治疗方案的制定具有重要价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical value of dual-energy CT angiography (DE-CTA) in the diagnosis of carotid cavernous fistula. Methods Fourteen patients suspected of carotid cavernous fistula underwent DE-CTA between Dec. 2008 and Feb. 2010. Image post-processing of DE-CTA was performed with the dedicated software to obtain bone-removal and non bone-removal images. Four experienced radiologists evaluated image quality of DE-CTA, the number, location and size of fistulae and dilation of cerebral veins. The bone-removal and non bone-removal images were compared for displaying of fistulae and other related lesions. Kappa test was used to test the consistency of image quality evaluation between two radiologists. The sizes of fistulae were measured with bone-removal DE-CTA images and non bone-removal DE-CTA images respectively and their results were compared by using student's t-test and the correlation test. Results Twenty-eight intracranial internal carotid arteries of 14 patients showed acceptable image quality. Fourteen cases were diagnosed as carotid cavernous fistula with both bone-removal and non boneremoval DE-CTA images. Two patients presented with bilateral lesions, while 7 patients presented with left lesions and 5 patients had right lesions. Totally, sixteen fistulae lesions were detected in 14 patients. The mean size of fistulae was (0. 36 ±0. 10) mm by bone-removal images, whereas (0. 35 ±0. 11 ) mm by non bone-removal images. There was no significant difference between the two methods ( t = 0. 29, P ＞ 0. 05 ),and good correlation was found between the two methods ( r = 0. 97, P ＜0.05). Thirteen dilated cerebral veins in 8 cases were found by bone-removal images versus 9 dilated cerebral veins in 6 cases by non boneremoval images. Conclusions Image post-processing of DE-CTA is a simple and useful method to identify carotid cavernous fistula. DE-CTA is also useful for therapeutic planning.     

颞下颌关节紊乱病的介入治疗

颞下颌关节紊乱病的介入治疗,给本病开拓了一项新的治疗方法,作者对30例患者,其中男6例,女24例,平均年龄33.5岁,进行介入治疗.临床上有明显的开口受限、自发痛及扪压痛,治疗前均拍双侧关节薛氏位片.其中伴有明显的弹响的结构紊乱10例,伴有绞锁的结构紊乱6例,滑膜炎/关节囊炎者12例,骨关节病2例,对所有患者操作方法均用9号针头穿刺关节上腔,然后使用生理盐水进行上腔冲洗,冲洗后依据病人情况于关节腔内注射透明质酸钠或泼尼松龙,术后一周复诊,观察评价疗效.结果 显示,关节介入治疗,可明显减轻关节疼痛,增加开口度,减轻关节弹响,是一种治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的新技术.