民族医药对新型冠状病毒肺炎的认识及防治措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在武汉自2019年12月爆发以来,发展迅速,短期内蔓延至全球多个地区,引起国内外的广泛关注。目前疫情得到有效控制,与传统医学的积极介入相关,特别是对重症及危重症患者救治方面体现出其独特优势。疫情发生以来,各民族医基于本民族医药理论,对COVID-19的认识和防治措施建言献策;优选个体化传统医学处方"扶正"患者个体内环境,结合"消灭"疫病产生、传播的土壤、空间等环境因素,为尽快战胜疫情,保障一方人民的生命健康贡献各自力量;建议立项挖掘、整理、研究、开发民族医药预防和治疗"瘟疫"的医疗机构制剂,为预防和治疗今后可能会频繁发生的各种病毒导致的"瘟疫"做好充足准备,护佑人类健康。     

加工炮制对白芍化学成分的影响

目的：考察加工炮制对白芍中多种化学成分的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法分别分析经去皮、水煮和硫磺熏制3个不同加工阶段后，白芍中没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药苷亚硫酸酯、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酸、五没食子酰基葡萄糖和苯甲酰芍药苷等8种主要化学成分的变化。Zorbax SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm ,5 μm）；流动相乙腈-0.015%磷酸溶液,梯度程序洗脱；检测波长230 nm；柱温30 ℃。结果:经去皮和水煮，除没食子酸和五没食子酰基葡萄糖含量增加外，白芍中其他成分降低。硫磺熏制可降低芍药苷含量，而产生新成分芍药苷亚硫酸酯，该成分是由芍药苷在有水条件下和SO₂的反应产物。结论:3个加工阶段都可使白芍成分发生较明显的变化，这可能是白芍加工的目的所在。白芍的加工过程应严格控制和规范化。     

苦参碱诱导K562细胞分化的差异表达基因的研究

目的研究苦参碱诱导人红白血病K562细胞分化的分子机制。方法应用改良的mRNA差异显示逆转技术(DDRT—PCR)筛选苦参碱诱导K562细胞分化相关的差异表达基因；对差异cDNA片段纯化、克隆、测序及Blast分析，采用逆转录一聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)方法验证。进一步对其中的未知差异cDNA片段采用Northern杂交确定其转录本的大小及组织分布特性，进而充分利用多种生物信息学资源对差异片段进行结构和功能的预测。结果苦参碱诱导K562细胞前后存在明显的基因表达差异，筛选获得了17条差异条带。其中4个差异显著片段经RT—PCR验证后，在Genbank中分析，有3个为已知基因，1个可能为未知基因，暂命名为KH基因。Northern杂交证实KH基因转录本的大小为1．35kb，分布于正常人体脑组织中。结论苦参碱具有诱导K562细胞基因表达谱发生变化的作用，由苦参碱诱导的K562细胞分化是一个多基因参与的过程；KH基因可能是苦参碱作用K562细胞后表达量发生改变的未知基因，可能与细胞癌变有关。     

Protective Effects of Volatile Agents against Methacholine-induced Bronchoconstriction in Rats

Background: The protective properties of common volatile agents against generalized lung constriction have previously been addressed only via estimations of parameters that combine airway and tissue mechanics. Their effectiveness in preventing airway constriction have not been compared systematically. Therefore, the authors investigated the abilities of halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane to provide protection against airway constriction induced by methacholine.

Methods: Low-frequency pulmonary impedance data were collected in open-chest rats under baseline conditions and during three consecutive intravenous infusions of methacholine (32 [mu]g [middle dot] kg-1 [middle dot] min-1) while the animals were anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital (control group). Methacholine challenges were performed in four other groups of rats, first during intravenous anesthesia and then repeated during the inhalation of halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane at concentrations of 1 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Airway resistance and inertance, parenchymal damping, and elastance were estimated from the impedance data by model fitting.

Results: The methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance during intravenous pentobarbital anesthesia (204 +/- 53%) were markedly and significantly (P < 0.005) reduced by 1-MAC doses of halothane (80 +/- 48%), isoflurane (112 +/- 59%), sevoflurane (68 +/- 34%), and desflurane (96 +/- 34%), with no significant difference between the gases applied. Increasing the concentration to 2 MAC did not lead to any significant further protection against the increase in airway resistance.     

015 口服西米替丁(cimetidine)对膀胱疼痛症(PBD)症状的有效缓解

[英]/R.Thilagarajah…∥BJU International.-2001;87.-207～212 　　PBD的临床表现包括耻骨上疼痛、尿频、尿痛和夜尿增多等一系列不适症状、同时尿液感染检查险性.     

Ophthalmic Regional Anesthesia: Medial Canthus Episcleral (Sub-Tenon) Anesthesia Is More Efficient than Peribulbar Anesthesia: A Double-blind Randomized Study

Background: Regional anesthesia and especially peribulbar anesthesia commonly is used for cataract surgery. Failure rates and need for reinjection remains high, however, with peribulbar anesthesia. Single-injection high-volume medial canthus episcleral (sub-Tenon's) anesthesia has proven to be an efficient and safe alternative to peribulbar anesthesia.

Methods: The authors, in a blind study, compared the effectiveness of both techniques in 66 patients randomly assigned to episcleral anesthesia or single-injection peribulbar anesthesia. Motor blockade (akinesia) was used as the main index of anesthesia effectiveness. It was assessed using an 18-point scale (0-3 for each of the four directions of the gaze, lid opening, and lid closing, the total being from 0 = normal mobility to 18 = no movement at all). This score was compared between the groups 1, 5, 10, and 15 min after injection and at the end of the surgical procedures. Time to onset of the blockade also was compared between the two groups, as was the incidence of incomplete blockade with a need for supplemental injection and the satisfaction of the surgeon, patient, and anesthesiologist.

Results: Episcleral anesthesia provided a quicker onset of anesthesia, a better akinesia score, and a lower rate of incomplete blockade necessitating reinjection (0 vs. 39%;P < 0.0001) than peribulbar anesthesia. Even after supplemental injection, peribulbar anesthesia had a lower akinesia score than did episcleral anesthesia. Peribulbar anesthesia began to wear off during surgery, whereas episcleral anesthesia did not.     

全国胃肠道造影及新进展学习班通知

上海市第六人民医院和上海市卫生局联合举办的胃肠道造影学习班已连续举办１０届，深受各级医院放射工作者的好评，今年９－１０月份将继续举办第十一届学习班。学习班属卫生部批准的全国继续教育项目（学分１４分，批准号：２００１－０９－０１－０３４），学习班由著名放射学家尚克中、陈九如、陈克敏、沈谋绩等授课。重点介绍：胃肠道双对比原理、胃肠道造影新进展、胃肠道ＣＴ、胃肠道病变的支架治疗、吞咽功能检查、小肠造影方法、内镜超声、消化道血管性病变的ＤＳＡ检查，等等。欲参加者请于近期来函或来电报名，届时将向报名者寄发…