彩色多普勒评估子宫动脉结扎后平滑肌瘤内血流变化

目的：应用彩色多普勒观察子宫动脉结扎后子宫平滑肌瘤内部主要血管可能的血流变化。方法：测量14例妇女子宫动脉结扎前后平滑肌瘤内主要血管的血流变化，这些患者同时伴有异常子宫出血、盆腔疼痛或压迫感，和（或）贫血。结果：14例患者中，13例诉术前的疼痛或压迫感完全消失，1例诉症状明显减轻。在子宫动脉结扎后1周至4个月内，所有患者的平滑肌瘤内部主要血管血流均明显减少。8个月后，1例妇女成功妊娠。结论：对子宫平滑肌瘤的患者，腹腔镜下经一侧腹膜后子宫动脉结扎术是一种安全有效的治疗方法。彩色多普勒证实这种治疗可减少所有患者平滑肌瘤内部血流。     

早产儿护理的质量：父母和护士的观点

目的：调查在新生儿病房和儿童保健中心（CHC）对有关早产儿的护理重点是什么的个人观点，并把这些观点与实际的护理进行比较。受试：在新生儿病房的21名母亲、20名父亲和15名护士，以及在CHC的21名母亲、14名父亲和18名护士。方法：采用一个有关护理质量患家长的调查问卷，其包含三个维度：一致性导向方法、医疗一技术能力及社会一化氛围，每一维度根据主观重要性和觉察到的对所提供的护理实际情况进行评价。结果：总的来说，不管是在新生儿病房的护理还是在CHC的护理，对一致性导向、医学一技术能力等维度，主观重要性的评级都要高于所觉察到的实际情况，然而在医疗一技术能力维度上，新生儿病房的护理质量要高于CHC所提供的护理质量。高危新生儿的和极低胎龄并不影响其结果。     

加工炮制对白芍化学成分的影响

目的：考察加工炮制对白芍中多种化学成分的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法分别分析经去皮、水煮和硫磺熏制3个不同加工阶段后，白芍中没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药苷亚硫酸酯、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酸、五没食子酰基葡萄糖和苯甲酰芍药苷等8种主要化学成分的变化。Zorbax SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm ,5 μm）；流动相乙腈-0.015%磷酸溶液,梯度程序洗脱；检测波长230 nm；柱温30 ℃。结果:经去皮和水煮，除没食子酸和五没食子酰基葡萄糖含量增加外，白芍中其他成分降低。硫磺熏制可降低芍药苷含量，而产生新成分芍药苷亚硫酸酯，该成分是由芍药苷在有水条件下和SO₂的反应产物。结论:3个加工阶段都可使白芍成分发生较明显的变化，这可能是白芍加工的目的所在。白芍的加工过程应严格控制和规范化。     

A seroepidemiological study of toxoplasma gondii infection in children of northern Greece

The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis in children ofthe northern Greece region through the evaluation of serologic examination. Sera of 486 children, aged between 6 months and 15 years, suffering from different clinical entities, were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG antibodies, using an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique. In this survey, a high percentage (11.1 percent) of the hospitalized children reacted positively to this method. Males and females had equal prevalence, 11 percent and 11.2 percent, respectively. Seropositivity rate was higher in children aged between 6 and 10 years old. In conclusion, our results indicate toxoplasma infection is an important public health problem affecting children and adolescents in northern Greece. We believe that the study described here could be considered for inclusion in existing national screening programs for hospitalized children.     

Population determinants of serum lycopene concentrations in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

Serum lycopene is inversely related to the risk for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, to investigate the relation between serum lycopene concentrations and sex, age, geographical location, race-ethnicity, education, alcohol, smoking, BMI, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol, and intakes of fat, tomatoes and tomato-based products in 3413 individuals aged 17-90 y. Multivariate adjusted mean lycopene concentrations were 48.3% lower in individuals > or =70 y old than in those 17 to <30 y old (P < 0.0001), 7.6% lower in women than in men (P = 0.0045), 15.1% lower in people living in the South than those in the West (P < 0.0001), 10.3 and 61.0% lower in the 1st quartile than in the 4th quartile for dietary fat intake (P = 0.0173) and serum cholesterol (P < 0.0001), respectively, 11.1% lower in tomato noneaters than those who ate tomatoes > or =31 times/mo (P = 0.0085), 13.5% lower in pizza noneaters than those who ate pizza > or =16 times/mo (P = 0.0016), and 20.6% lower in pasta noneaters than those who ate pasta (with tomato sauce) > or =16 times/mo (P < 0.0001). Race-ethnicity, alcohol, BMI, blood pressure, and consumption of non-tomato vegetables, and fruits and juices had no association with serum lycopene concentrations. Sex, age, geographical region, socioeconomic status, serum total cholesterol, smoking, and intakes of fat, tomatoes, pizza, and pasta were significant determinants of serum lycopene concentrations in the United States.     

Pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected patients receiving combination therapy

BACKGROUND: Enfuvirtide is the first of a new class of antiretroviral agents, the fusion inhibitors. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this analysis was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 2.0 mg/kg enfuvirtide in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected children and adolescents when administered in combination with at least 3 other antiretrovirals. METHODS: Twenty-five HIV-1-infected pediatric patients (5-16 years of age) enrolled in an ongoing phase I/II study were included in this analysis. Patients received enfuvirtide 2.0 mg/kg sc twice daily (bid) for at least 7 days. Blood samples were collected on day 7, and plasma concentrations of enfuvirtide and its metabolite were measured by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetics measures [Cmax, tmax, Ctrough, and area under the concentration time curve time 0 to 12 hours (AUC12 hours)] were calculated from plasma concentration-time data by standard noncompartmental methods. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between children and adolescents for enfuvirtide Cmax (6.43 versus 5.88 microg/mL), Ctrough (2.87 versus 2.98 microg/mL) and AUC12 hours (56.1 versus 52.7 hours . microg/mL). Similarly no significant differences were found when the pharmacokinetic measures were compared based on sexual maturity stages. A post hoc regression analysis based on AUC12 hours showed that body weight-adjusted dosing of enfuvirtide provides drug exposure that is independent of age group, body weight and body surface area. CONCLUSIONS: Body weight-adjusted dosing of enfuvirtide, at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg sc bid, in HIV-1-infected pediatric patients at least 5 years of age, provides drug exposure comparable with that previously observed in HIV-1-infected adults after 90 mg sc bid dosing. Drug exposure in children and adolescents is independent of age group, body weight, body surface area and sexual maturity stage.     

Pregabalin add-on treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study in adults with partial seizures

Summary: Purpose: To evaluate pregabalin (PGB), 150 mg/day, and PGB, 600 mg/day, as an add‐on treatment for patients with refractory partial seizures concurrently treated with one to three anticonvulsants (AEDs). Methods: An international (13 countries), multicenter (45 centers), 12‐week, double‐blind, randomized study in which patients with partial seizures received placebo (n = 96); PGB, 150 mg/day (n = 99); or PGB, 600 mg/day (n = 92); given 3 times a day (t.i.d.). The primary efficacy criterion was reduction in seizure frequency during treatment as compared with baseline, as measured by RRatio, the symmetrical percentage change in seizure rates determined from daily seizure diaries. The RRatio between the 8‐week baseline (pretreatment phase) and the 12‐week treatment period were compared between each of the PGB groups and the placebo group by using an analysis of variance analysis of the intent‐to‐treat population. Results: PGB, 150 mg/day and 600 mg/day, were both significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the RRatio [–11.5 (p = 0.0007) and –31.4 (p ≤ 0.0001), respectively, vs. 0.9]. These RRatio values correspond to seizure‐frequency reductions from baseline of –1.8, 20.6, and 47.8% for placebo, 150 mg/day, and 600 mg/day, respectively. PGB efficacy was significantly dose related (p ≤ 0.0001). Secondary efficacy variables corroborated the findings of the primary analysis. Significantly more patients were responders (≥50% reduction in seizure frequency) in the PGB, 600 mg/day (43.5%), group than in the placebo group (6.2%) (p ≤ 0.001). PGB was well tolerated. Dose‐related, treatment‐emergent adverse events (≥10%), mostly mild or moderate in intensity, were somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, diplopia, and weight gain. The withdrawal rate due to adverse events was 10% of patients at 150 mg/day and 18.5% of patients at 600 mg/day, compared with 6.2% of patients receiving placebo. Conclusions: PGB, 150 mg/day and 600 mg/day, is highly effective and well‐tolerated add‐on therapy in patients with partial seizures.