中国腹腔镜结肠直肠手术的回顾与展望——基于手术病例登记研究和数据库建立的思考

目前我国结肠直肠癌治疗已进入个体化精准微创时代.回顾30年来中国腹腔镜结肠直肠癌手术的发展历史,随着科技的不断进步,微创外科手术在不断突破与革新.若要在我国结肠直肠外科领域寻求新的突破,就不能拘泥于结肠直肠外科手术本身,应进一步开展基于国内结肠直肠疾病特点的高质量临床研究,形成符合我国病人的结肠直肠外科指南,指导诊疗实...     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

血清肿瘤标志物在胰腺癌诊断和分期中的意义

目的评估血清肿瘤标志物CA19-9和CA242在胰腺癌诊断和分期中的价值。方法通过病历回顾,收集整理CA19-9和CA242的检测结果及相应的临床资料。利用美国国家综合癌症网络的分期标准进行TNM分期,根据肿瘤能否切除进行分层分析。结果CA19-9和CA242在良、恶性胰腺疾病之间差异有统计学意义,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胰腺癌与Ⅰ期胰腺癌相比CA19-9显著升高,CA19-9和CA242在手术无法切除组明显高于可切除组,差异均有统计学意义。结论CA19-9与胰腺癌分期和进展关系密切,对胰腺癌的诊断分期和可切除性评估有重要的临床意义。     

肿瘤血清标记物骨桥蛋白用于诊断胰腺癌研究

目的评价骨桥蛋白(OPN)作为肿瘤血清标记物在胰腺癌诊断中的作用。方法收集北京协和医院胰腺外科2004年2月至2006年2月相关临床住院病人的血清64例,运用ELISA法检测其中的46例胰腺癌病人、18例慢性胰腺炎病人以及20名健康人的血清中的OPN、CA19-9和CA242的含量。用ROC曲线法对检测结果进行分析,同时对结果进行统计学检验。结果三种肿瘤标记物的水平在胰腺癌组均高于慢性胰腺炎组,且差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。运用ROC曲线法对三种肿瘤标记物的检测结果进行处理。OPN、CA19-9和CA242的AUC(area under curve)分别为0.788、0.808和0.737。分层分析表明,OPN和CA19-9在手术无法切除组高于手术可切除组(P<0.01)。结论OPN在胰腺癌血清学诊断中有临床意义,若同时联合检测CA19-9,则对胰腺癌术前可切除性评估有一定的临床价值。     

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直肠癌全系膜切除(TME)概念的提出和应用显著改善了直肠癌外科治疗效果,概念带来的进步得到了充分体现。借鉴直肠癌治疗的经验,以外科、解剖和胚胎学理论为基础,德国学者Hohenberger总结大量的临床证据提出了完整结肠系膜切除(CME)。CME概念的提出为结肠癌治疗效果进一步改善带来了希望,有望成为结肠癌根治性手术的质量控制标准。     

结直肠癌外科临床研究进展及展望

进入21世纪以来,普通外科学发展迅速,理念不断更新,新技术不断涌现,这在结直肠癌治疗领域表现更加具有代表性和特色。尽管手术作为结直肠癌治疗的核心已经相当成熟,但外科领域开展随机对照研究难度很大,很多新的治疗方法和技术的优效性需要一个漫长的证明过程,而规范和科学的开展结直肠癌外科临床研究可能是解决这一问题的根本方法。总结目前结直肠外科的几个热点问题相关临床研究的新进展,结果可以看出,将最大限度地保留功能、获得更好的生活质量与延长生存时间更好的结合在一起是未来结直肠癌外科治疗的目标,而通过开展相应的临床研究,获得更多的循证医学证据,在此基础上让结直肠癌的外科治疗更加规范,是实现这一目标的必由之路。     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

从跟跑并跑到领跑:再论中国腹膜肿瘤学的建设发展与国际化历程

腹膜癌是癌症治疗历史上遗留的“老大难”问题,近40年来国际上致力于腹膜癌诊断治疗研究,取得了突破性进展,尤其是肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）体系的形成和优化。近20年来,中国的腹膜癌研究进步迅速,在仪器设备研发、技术方案优化、人才队伍培养、学科组织建设等方面,均取得令人瞩目的成就,并快速融入腹膜肿瘤学国际联盟的国际化发展大格局。中国胃癌腹膜转移癌临床研究成果成为国际里程碑事件,C-HIPEC方案的推广实施,2021年国内主办第12届国际腹膜癌大会,都是该领域的突出成果,也使中国在腹膜癌诊治方面实现了从跟跑并跑到领跑的历史性转变。但是,与中国腹膜癌患者的巨大治疗需求相比,腹膜肿瘤学发展事业仍然任重而道远,需要全国肿瘤学家加倍努力,推动立足于国情的中国腹膜癌防治研究走向新高度。