中国腹腔镜直肠癌手术30年回顾与展望

近三十年间,在世界范围对于直肠癌的外科治疗,随着腹腔镜微创技术、全直肠系膜切除等手术理念和新辅助放化疗综合治疗的广泛发展和应用,直肠癌患者的预后得到了明显改善。而我国结直肠外科同道们在顺应世界潮流的同时,积极开展了对于腹腔镜直肠癌手术的相关研究,开展了一系列基于我国国情的直肠癌临床研究,并制定了相应的直肠癌外科治疗指南及专家共识。现今,我国对于直肠癌患者的治疗已进入个体化精准微创医疗时代。在这样的时代背景下,本文对我国腹腔镜直肠癌发展的28年做了系统的回顾,并对今后中国直肠癌外科治疗的未来进行了展望。     

多发性胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结多发性胰岛素瘤的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析我院24年来收治的34例多发性胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料.结果 34例患者发生37次多发性胰岛素瘤(3例两次发病均为多发性肿瘤).2例为恶性胰岛素瘤.35.3%(12/34)的病例合并多发性内分泌肿瘤1型(MENI);5例次(13.5%,5/37)为胰岛素瘤合并胰岛细胞增生;16例次(43.2%,16/37)同时存在3个或3个以上的多发性胰岛素瘤;15例次(40.5%,15/37)既往曾发生漏诊;45.2%(57/126)的肿瘤直径小于1 cm;88.9%(112/126)的肿瘤位于胰体尾部.多发肿瘤的局部摘除术适用于48.7%(18/37)的患者.结论 多发性胰岛素瘤体积小,术前的定位检查发现全部肿瘤的阳性率低;对多发性胰岛素瘤的警惕,充分的术中探查,配合血糖监测、细针穿刺活检以及术中冰冻病理检查等措施有助于防止漏诊多发性胰岛素瘤.     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

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治疗效果同治疗方式及理念的规范化密切相关,治疗的规范化带来了治疗效果和预后的改善。从全直肠系膜切除(TME)的理念提出和广泛应用,到肿瘤相关系膜切除(TSME)概念对TME进行完善和补充,直到近年完整结肠系膜切除(CME)理念的提出,胃肠外科医师对规范结直肠癌外科治疗的努力从未停止过。     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

RCAS1在胰腺癌诊断中的作用

Objective To evaluate the effect of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells(RCASI) as serum tumor marker on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve methods were used to assay the serum content of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in 46 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients and 20 normal tissues of chronic pancreatitis detected by enzymelinkod immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were analyzed by statistics methods. The expressions of RCAS1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemical method in 32 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 cases of normal pancreatic specimens. Results The serum levels of RCAS1 ,CA19-9 and CA242 in pancreatic cancer were higher than that in chronic pancreatitis respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The area under curve of RCAS1, CA19-9 and CA242 were 0.826, 0.804 and 0.737 ,respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the RCAS1 and CA19-9 levels of pancreatic cancer patients without obstructive jaundice were lower than those for patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). CA19-9 levels of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable pancreatic cancer(P ＜ 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression rates of RCAS1 in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis were 87.5% and 40.0% ,respectively (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions In diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the clinical value of RCAS1 is available. And the combination test of RCAS1 and CA19-9 have clinical value to evaluate if the pancreatic cancer can be resected before operation.     

自膨式金属支架用于结肠癌并急性完全肠梗阻治疗回顾性对照研究

目的 探讨自膨式金属支架（SEMS）置入后限期手术治疗急性完全梗阻性结肠癌近期及远期效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2016年12月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普通外科收治的128例结肠癌伴完全梗阻症状病人的临床资料。手术方式分为急诊手术（急诊组,76例）和SEMS置入后限期手术（支架组,52例）。对两组病人的手术安全性、肿瘤根治性、永久肠造口比例及存活率进行比较分析。结果 支架组与急诊组在手术入路方式、手术时间方面差异无统计学意义。与急诊组相比,支架组围手术期总并发症发生率（21.2% vs. 39.5%,P=0.029）较低,但Ⅲ、Ⅳ级并发症发生率（11.5% vs. 14.5%,P=0.631）和病死率（0 vs. 2.6%）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;淋巴结清扫总数较多［（18.2±6.7）枚 vs. （16.0±9.9）枚,P=0.022］,淋巴结清扫数目≥12枚比例较高（86.5% vs. 55.3%,P=0.001）,永久造口率较低（23.1% vs. 59.2%,P<0.05）。3年总存活率（71.6% vs. 67.8%,P=0.215）和无病存活率（77.0% vs. 64.7%,P=0.703）两组间差异无统计学意义。 结论 SEMS置入后限期手术可以明显提高结肠癌并急性完全梗阻病人的围手术期安全性,减少永久造口,提高肿瘤根治率,同时未影响远期疗效。     

开腹腹部手术延迟性术后肠麻痹的危险因素分析

目的 旨在研究首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院腹部手术后延迟性肠麻痹（prolonged postoperative ileus,PPOI）危险因素。方法 纳入2016年7月至2017年12月间于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普外科接受开腹消化道肿瘤根治术的患者123例为研究对象。以出现PPOI为病例组（13例）,其余为对照组（110例）。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析PPOI的危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）（χ²=6.824,P=0.009）、术后出现低钾血症（χ²=3.872,P=0.049）与PPOI发生相关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果示BMI<18.5 kg/m²是PPOI发生的独立危险因素。结论 BMI是PPOI的独立危险因素,当BMI<18.5 kg/m²,发生术后延迟性肠麻痹的危险性增加。     

结直肠癌外科临床研究进展及展望

进入21世纪以来，普通外科学发展迅速，理念不断更新，新技术不断涌现，这在结直肠癌治疗领域表现更加具有代表性和特色。尽管手术作为结直肠癌治疗的核心已经相当成熟，但外科领域开展随机对照研究难度很大，很多新的治疗方法和技术的优效性需要一个漫长的证明过程，而规范和科学的开展结直肠癌外科临床研究可能是解决这一问题的根本方法。总结目前结直肠外科的几个热点问题相关临床研究的新进展，结果可以看出，将最大限度地保留功能、获得更好的生活质量与延长生存时间更好的结合在一起是未来结直肠癌外科治疗的目标，而通过开展相应的临床研究，获得更多的循证医学证据，在此基础上让结直肠癌的外科治疗更加规范，是实现这一目标的必由之路。     

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直肠癌全系膜切除(TME)概念的提出和应用显著改善了直肠癌外科治疗效果,"概念带来的进步"得到了充分体现。借鉴直肠癌治疗的经验,以外科、解剖和胚胎学理论为基础,德国学者Hohenberger总结大量的临床证据提出了完整结肠系膜切除(CME)。CME概念的提出为结肠癌治疗效果进一步改善带来了希望,有望成为结肠癌根治性手术的质量控制标准。