Neuron-specific enolase in patients with acute ischemic stroke and related dementia.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in 39 patients with ischemic stroke and 15 controls. There was a significant increase of CSF NSE in acute ischemic stroke patients as compared with the controls. The altered CSF NSE levels correlated well with the infarct size in CT scan. The CSF NSE levels were higher in 6-multiinfarct dementia (MID) patients who were diagnosed after 6-month follow-up than those in 22 non-MID patients of this series. Our research supports the view that CSF NSE can be a useful biochemical marker for brain ischemia. The importance of CSF NSE in the study of dementia related to ischemic stroke is worth further studies.     

淀粉样周围神经病

淀粉样神经病是由不同来源的淀粉样物在周围神经沉积所致。根据临床表现、家族遗传史及淀粉样物的性质不同临床上可分为家族性遗传性多发性神经病、获得性多发周围神经病以及散发性淀粉样神经病。病理诊断主要依据腓肠神经活检的光镜和电镜检查,免疫组化检查可以确定淀粉样物的来源和性质。     

治老年性痴呆良药--安理申

老年性痴呆(即阿尔茨海默病)的致病原因是由于人体的脑部出现神经细胞丧失和许多化学物质异常。其中,含有乙酰胆碱的神经细胞丧失更为明显,脑内乙酰胆碱丧失越多,人的记忆力减退和痴呆就越严重。为此,人们创造出一些药物来抑制破坏乙酰胆碱的乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力,从而阻止脑内乙酰胆碱的消耗,使它在脑内的含量增加,尤其增加与记忆、学习和智能密切相关的前脑基底部、大脑颞底海马区细胞群内的乙酰胆碱的含量,使痴呆症状大大改善。安理申     

阿尔茨海默病的发病机制和病理改变

阿尔茨海默病(AIzheimerr's disease,AD),又称为老年性痴呆,是一种以不可逆转的智能衰退为主要表现的中枢神经系统变性病,其病因不明,但发病与年龄相关,随着老年人口的增加,该病越来越受到社会和医学界的关注.     

Incidence and risk factors of cognitive impairment 3 months after first-ever stroke: A cross-sectional study of 5 geographic areas of China

This study examined the incidence, neuropsychological characteristics and risk factors of cognitive impairment 3 months after stroke in China. Five regions that differed in geography and economy in China were selected. Patients from the hospitals located in the five regions were prescreened at admission, and the demographic data, vascular risk factors and clinical characteristics of stroke were obtained. A battery of cognitive-specific domain tests was performed in the patients who failed to pass cognitive screening 3 months post stroke. Patients were diagnosed as having post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) or no cognitive impairment (NCI) based on the results of the neuropsy-chological tests. Univariate analysis was performed for suspect risk factors, and significant variables were entered in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Our results showed that a total of 633 patients were recruited 3 months after stroke; complete cognitive tests were performed in 577 of the stroke pa-tients. The incidence of PSCI in these Chinese patients was 30.7%. There were 129 (22.4%) patients with visuospatial impairment, 67 (11.6%) with executive impairment, 60 (10.4%) with memory impairment and 18 (3.1%) with attention impairment. The risk factors associated with PSCI were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.58), low education level (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.65-3.64), depressive symptom (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09-2.61), obesity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.41-4.71), stroke severity 3 months post stroke (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.10-2.37) and cortex lesion (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04-2.31). It was concluded that PSCI occurs commonly 3 months after first-ever stroke in Chinese patients. Visuospatial ability may be the most frequently impaired cognitive domain for the patients with stroke. The critical risk factors of PSCI are older age, low education level, depressive symptom, obesity, stroke severity 3 months post stroke and cortex lesion.     

鞘内IgG合成率检查在神经系统免疫性疾病诊断中的应用

目的观察鞘内IgG合成率测定对诊断神经系统免疫疾病的意义。方法采集不同神经科疾病的脑脊液及血液标本进行鞘内IgG合成率测定,并对比分析其异常的临床意义。结果中枢神经系统免疫性疾病鞘内IgG合成率升高。结论鞘内IgG合成率测定是诊断中枢神经系统免疫性疾病的有用指标。     

特发性正常压力脑积水临床管理中国指南(2022)

步态障碍、认知障碍和膀胱功能障碍临床三联征在老年人群中涉及多种疾病,其中,特发性正常压力脑积水(iNPH)因其早期诊断和早期治疗可有效逆转病情而显得尤为重要。中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会脑积水学组联合中华医学会老年医学分会、北京神经变性病学会,组织国内神经内科、神经外科、影像科、精神科、康复科、流行病学等相关领域专家,在2005年版欧美iNPH国际指南,2012年日本iNPH指南(第二版)以及2016年中国iNPH诊治专家共识的基础上,密切结合中国脑积水联盟成立近五年来国内iNPH诊疗实践,并参考2021年日本iNPH第三版指南,总结了国内外iNPH诊疗和研究领域的新证据,共同撰写了本指南。本指南含流行病学、临床特征、诊断和治疗等内容,形成26条推荐意见,作为我国iNPH的诊疗规范,供相关学科临床实践中参考,以便有利于这一危害老年人身心健康的疾病能得到有效管理。     

麻黄及其复方制剂中麻黄碱含量测定方法进展

对近１０余ａ来国内采用色谱法、分光光度法、滴定法、电位法等测定麻黄碱含量的方法进行了综述。     

家族性淀粉样多发性神经病一家系病理及基因点突变

目的　对我国首次报道的家族性淀粉样多发性神经病（FAP）家系进行各项研究,以期发现其真正类型。方法　对我国东北某地一家系67人共16例多发性周围神经病患者进行详尽的临床检查,对其中2例患者进行腓肠神经病理检查,和转甲蛋白(TTR)基因的聚合酶链反应(PCR)基因扩增及直接法测序分析。结果　临床上该家系所有患者均以植物神经症状,如排尿障碍、胃肠道症状、阳痿为首发症状。体格检查提示为严重的感觉运动神经病、体位性低血压和消瘦。病理学检查发现2例患者均有刚果红染色阳性的大量淀粉样物沉积于神经束间质及神经内膜中。免疫组化证实淀粉样物与TTR有关。PCR扩增产物酶解及直接法测序,确定异常TTR为基因点突变所致,突变位置为日本及葡萄牙型FAP常见的第二个外显子第30个密码子G由A取代。结论　本研究结果证实,该家系为Met30FAP,填补了我国对该疾病研究的空白。     

帕金森病与轻度认知功能障碍患者视觉相关认知功能检查

目的了解帕金森病（PD）和轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者视认知功能下降情况。方法对27例早期PD患者、14例MCI患者及20例健康对照老人分别进行画钟试验（CDT）、木块图（BDT）及连线试验（TMT）检查,并对结果进行分析。结果PD及MCI患者CDT和BDT结果低于正常,且在PD和MCI患者检查中呈相关性,而TMT结果与健康对照比较无统计学差异。结论PD和MCI作为痴呆前期疾病,其与视觉相关的认知功能下降有可能是痴呆前期表现。