复方制剂缬沙坦—氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压meta分析

目的系统评价复方制剂缬沙坦–氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的疗效和不良反应,为该复方制剂的合理使用提供参考依据。方法以高血压、复方制剂、缬沙坦、氨氯地平等为检索词,检索Web of Science、Embase、Pub Med、Cochrane图书馆、维普、万方、中国知网等数据库,文献发表时间为1997年~2017年,获得复方制剂缬沙坦–氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的文献资料,提取数据信息,以软件Rev Man 5.3进行meta分析。结果共纳入符合条件的研究25篇,合计患者数为23 761例;复方制剂缬沙坦–氨氯地平与其他抗高血压药物比较,治疗高血压的效果优于其他药物(90.62%vs 75.58%,合并OR=2.98,95%CI=2.02~4.40,P<0.001),不良反应发生率高于其他药物(17.58%vs 16.50%,合并OR=0.66,95%CI=0.50~0.87,P=0.003)。结论复方制剂缬沙坦–氨氯地平的降压效果较好,但临床应用时需加强对不良反应的用药教育,这为合理用药和药物政策制定提供了循证依据。     

碘缺乏和甲状腺功能减退对大鼠仔鼠小脑细胞外信号调节激酶1/2蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism on protein expression of extracellular signal-regulate kinase(ERK1/2) in the cerebellum of rots. Methods Twenty-eight healthy Wistar rots, female, 60 days old, were randomly divided according to their body weight into control group, iodine deficient group and hypothyroidism groups. Hypothyroidism groups in accordance with drinking water containing propylthiouracil(PTU) were divided into doses of 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L groups, 7 rats in each group. Rats after pregnancy, iodine deficient rats were administered with iodine-deficient diet and hypothyroid rats were administered with PTU in drinking water. Pup's cerebellum in each group were weighed on day 14,21,28 and 42. Cerebellum tissue was observed for cerebellar morphology using silver staining and detected for ERK1/2 protein using immunohistochemistry on day 7,14,21,28 and 42. Results On day 14,21,28 and 42, cerebellum weight of pups from iodine-deficient[(0.0945±0.0233), (0.1347±0.0046), (0.1542±0.0094), (0.1949±0.0048)g]were significantly lighter than control[(0.1856±0.0123), (0.2049±0.0098), (0.2268±0.0065), (0.2606±0.0086)g, all P < 0.05]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (0.1741±0.0172), (0.1927±0.0103), (0.2181±0.0064), (0.2583±0.0054)g, all P<0.05; for 15 mg/L group: (0.1604±0.0083), (0.1682±0.0103), (0.1996±0.0073) and (0.2579±0.0067)g, all P< 0.05]the difference had statistical significance(F=6.325,8.870, 16.191 and 21.574, all P<0.05). Compared to the controls on day 7, iodine-deficient group didn't have clear layers; on day 21, disappearance of external granule cells from iodine-deficient and 15 mg/L groups was delayed, still two or three layer external granule cells remained; on day 28 and 42, molecular layer from 5, 15 mg/L and iodine-deficient groups and became thinner. Immunohistochemistry showed that on day 7, there was no statistical difference of integrated optical density average of ERK1/2, in all the groups(F=1.102, P>0.05); on day 14,21,28 and 42, integrated optical density average of ERK1/2 in iodine-deficient group[(7.3245±0.5070), (8.3606±1.0683), (9.1217±1.0402), (12.1587±0.7581), all P<0.01]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (11.4307±1.5200), (14.919±0.8497), (16.0082±1.1130), (15.7721±0.8293), all P< 0.01; for 15 mg/L group: (7.8538±0.9775), (11.2461±0.8138),(12.78±1.3783), (13.0871±1.1450), all P < 0.01]was significantly lower than those of controls [(16.2831±0.5143), (20.2653±0.9551), (22.7485±1.0267), (22.1725±0.9939), all P < 0.01], the difference having a statistical signifieance(F=16.131,13.543,26.953,41.583, all P<0.01). Conclusions Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism during critical periods of brain development may change eerebellar morphology and down regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2, which may result in damage of cerebellum development.     

碘缺乏和甲状腺功能减退对大鼠仔鼠小脑细胞外信号调节激酶1/2蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism on protein expression of extracellular signal-regulate kinase(ERK1/2) in the cerebellum of rots. Methods Twenty-eight healthy Wistar rots, female, 60 days old, were randomly divided according to their body weight into control group, iodine deficient group and hypothyroidism groups. Hypothyroidism groups in accordance with drinking water containing propylthiouracil(PTU) were divided into doses of 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L groups, 7 rats in each group. Rats after pregnancy, iodine deficient rats were administered with iodine-deficient diet and hypothyroid rats were administered with PTU in drinking water. Pup's cerebellum in each group were weighed on day 14,21,28 and 42. Cerebellum tissue was observed for cerebellar morphology using silver staining and detected for ERK1/2 protein using immunohistochemistry on day 7,14,21,28 and 42. Results On day 14,21,28 and 42, cerebellum weight of pups from iodine-deficient[(0.0945±0.0233), (0.1347±0.0046), (0.1542±0.0094), (0.1949±0.0048)g]were significantly lighter than control[(0.1856±0.0123), (0.2049±0.0098), (0.2268±0.0065), (0.2606±0.0086)g, all P < 0.05]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (0.1741±0.0172), (0.1927±0.0103), (0.2181±0.0064), (0.2583±0.0054)g, all P<0.05; for 15 mg/L group: (0.1604±0.0083), (0.1682±0.0103), (0.1996±0.0073) and (0.2579±0.0067)g, all P< 0.05]the difference had statistical significance(F=6.325,8.870, 16.191 and 21.574, all P<0.05). Compared to the controls on day 7, iodine-deficient group didn't have clear layers; on day 21, disappearance of external granule cells from iodine-deficient and 15 mg/L groups was delayed, still two or three layer external granule cells remained; on day 28 and 42, molecular layer from 5, 15 mg/L and iodine-deficient groups and became thinner. Immunohistochemistry showed that on day 7, there was no statistical difference of integrated optical density average of ERK1/2, in all the groups(F=1.102, P>0.05); on day 14,21,28 and 42, integrated optical density average of ERK1/2 in iodine-deficient group[(7.3245±0.5070), (8.3606±1.0683), (9.1217±1.0402), (12.1587±0.7581), all P<0.01]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (11.4307±1.5200), (14.919±0.8497), (16.0082±1.1130), (15.7721±0.8293), all P< 0.01; for 15 mg/L group: (7.8538±0.9775), (11.2461±0.8138),(12.78±1.3783), (13.0871±1.1450), all P < 0.01]was significantly lower than those of controls [(16.2831±0.5143), (20.2653±0.9551), (22.7485±1.0267), (22.1725±0.9939), all P < 0.01], the difference having a statistical signifieance(F=16.131,13.543,26.953,41.583, all P<0.01). Conclusions Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism during critical periods of brain development may change eerebellar morphology and down regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2, which may result in damage of cerebellum development.     

碘缺乏和甲状腺功能减退对大鼠仔鼠小脑细胞外信号调节激酶1/2蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism on protein expression of extracellular signal-regulate kinase(ERK1/2) in the cerebellum of rots. Methods Twenty-eight healthy Wistar rots, female, 60 days old, were randomly divided according to their body weight into control group, iodine deficient group and hypothyroidism groups. Hypothyroidism groups in accordance with drinking water containing propylthiouracil(PTU) were divided into doses of 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L groups, 7 rats in each group. Rats after pregnancy, iodine deficient rats were administered with iodine-deficient diet and hypothyroid rats were administered with PTU in drinking water. Pup's cerebellum in each group were weighed on day 14,21,28 and 42. Cerebellum tissue was observed for cerebellar morphology using silver staining and detected for ERK1/2 protein using immunohistochemistry on day 7,14,21,28 and 42. Results On day 14,21,28 and 42, cerebellum weight of pups from iodine-deficient[(0.0945±0.0233), (0.1347±0.0046), (0.1542±0.0094), (0.1949±0.0048)g]were significantly lighter than control[(0.1856±0.0123), (0.2049±0.0098), (0.2268±0.0065), (0.2606±0.0086)g, all P < 0.05]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (0.1741±0.0172), (0.1927±0.0103), (0.2181±0.0064), (0.2583±0.0054)g, all P<0.05; for 15 mg/L group: (0.1604±0.0083), (0.1682±0.0103), (0.1996±0.0073) and (0.2579±0.0067)g, all P< 0.05]the difference had statistical significance(F=6.325,8.870, 16.191 and 21.574, all P<0.05). Compared to the controls on day 7, iodine-deficient group didn't have clear layers; on day 21, disappearance of external granule cells from iodine-deficient and 15 mg/L groups was delayed, still two or three layer external granule cells remained; on day 28 and 42, molecular layer from 5, 15 mg/L and iodine-deficient groups and became thinner. Immunohistochemistry showed that on day 7, there was no statistical difference of integrated optical density average of ERK1/2, in all the groups(F=1.102, P>0.05); on day 14,21,28 and 42, integrated optical density average of ERK1/2 in iodine-deficient group[(7.3245±0.5070), (8.3606±1.0683), (9.1217±1.0402), (12.1587±0.7581), all P<0.01]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (11.4307±1.5200), (14.919±0.8497), (16.0082±1.1130), (15.7721±0.8293), all P< 0.01; for 15 mg/L group: (7.8538±0.9775), (11.2461±0.8138),(12.78±1.3783), (13.0871±1.1450), all P < 0.01]was significantly lower than those of controls [(16.2831±0.5143), (20.2653±0.9551), (22.7485±1.0267), (22.1725±0.9939), all P < 0.01], the difference having a statistical signifieance(F=16.131,13.543,26.953,41.583, all P<0.01). Conclusions Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism during critical periods of brain development may change eerebellar morphology and down regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2, which may result in damage of cerebellum development.     

某三级甲等医院妇产科围术期患者抗菌药物应用分析

目的:探讨某三级甲等医院妇产科围术期患者抗菌药物的利用情况,评估抗菌药物的合理应用状况。方法:采用随机抽样法选取某三级甲等医院2010年6月—2011年6月妇产科手术患者300例,提取病历中抗菌药物使用情况的信息。计算抗菌药物使用的用药频度(DDDs)、药物利用指数(DUI)。结果:抗菌药物应用以头孢菌素类为主,应用率为86.67%(260/300);DUI>1的抗菌药物有甲硝唑、美洛西林钠、依替米星、头孢曲松钠、青霉素钠。结论:某三级甲等医院妇产科手术患者抗菌药物应用存在不合理现象。     

药物流行病学研究中的无应答问题及解决方案

目的：探讨药物流行病学研究中的无应答问题,概述其解决方案。方法：分析药物流行病学研究中的无应答问题的产生、影响及其解决措施。结果：分析无应答者的信息,采用事前预防和事后补救两方面对药物流行病学研究中无应答数据进行补救,可获得相对可靠的结果。结论：为了获得可靠的结果,药物流行病学研究中应谨慎对待无应答问题。     

二级甲等医院妇产科围手术期患者抗菌药物应用时间的现况研究

目的探讨二级甲等医院妇产科围手术期患者抗菌药物的应用时间,评估抗菌药物的合理应用状况。方法采用随机抽样的方法选取沈阳市某二级甲等医院,抽取2010年6月-2011年6月妇产科手术患者300例,提取病历中抗菌药物应用时间的信息。结果Ⅰ类切口患者35例,Ⅱ类切口患者265例,抗菌药物应用率为100%,用药时间为（7.5±2.5）d,54例患者用药时间分布不恰当。结论需加强该二级甲等医院妇产科手术患者预防性应用抗菌药物时间的管理。     

内毒素预处理对内毒素血症鼠的作用及机制

目的观察内毒素(LPS)预处理对内毒素血症鼠的作用并探讨其机制。方法将雄性Wistar大鼠72只随机分为生理盐水组(N组,n=24)、LPS对照组(L组,n=24)、LPS预处理组(P组,n=24),P组首先腹腔注射LPS,24 h后再经腹腔注射LPS,N组和L组在上述两时点均给予等容量生理盐水,72 h后L组和P组分别静脉注射LPS,N组给予等容量NS。各组分别取6只大鼠用于持续观察血流动力学改变,并于造模后2、4、6 h时分别另取6只大鼠采血测定肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,并于造模后6 h取动物心、肺、肝、肾、小肠等脏器组织,观察其形态学变化。结果 LPS预处理可明显逆转大鼠内毒素血症时的血流动力学如平均动脉压、心率和呼吸频率的改变:P组与L组比较差异有统计学意义,而与N组差异无统计学意义。L组大鼠血浆中TNF-α、NO的含量较N组、P组明显升高(P<0.05),但N组与P组间差异无统计学意义。HE染色发现LPS预处理可减轻大鼠内毒素血症时心、肺、肝、肾、小肠的病理变化。结论 LPS预处理可能通过减少TNF-α和NO的释放,对鼠LPS血症起到保护作用。