肝胆管结石手术采用预见性护理模式的临床效果观察

目的:观察接受肝胆管结石手术患者采取预见性护理模式的具体方法及效果.方法:选取2020年1月—2021年1月接诊的肝胆管结石手术患者80例作为观察对象,根据所选患者的入院顺序对其进行分组,对照组40例接受临床常规护理干预,研究组40例接受预见性护理模式,对比两组患者的护理效果以及不良反应.结果:接受预见性护理模式的研究...     

胰十二指肠切除术后两种胰管空肠黏膜吻合方法的比较研究

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术后2种胰管空肠黏膜吻合方法对胰漏发生率的影响。方法回顾性研究本院2005年1月～2010年1月60例胰十二指肠切除术（PD）后患者的』临床资料,分析和比较传统和改进胰空肠黏膜吻合术后胰漏的发生率。结果35例传统胰管空肠黏膜吻合组患者中有3例8．5％（3／35）出现胰漏,改进胰管黏膜吻合组无1例发生胰漏O％（0／25）,2者有显著差异（P〈0．05）;胰瘘相关死亡率为33．3％（1／3）。结论改进的胰管空肠黏膜吻合方法能够显著降低胰漏的发生,胰肠吻合方式是影响胰瘘的独立危险因素。     

Redox factor-1 may mediate the repair of multiple organ injuries after liver transplantation

AIM: To examine the relationship between multiple-organ injuries and expression of redox factor-1 (Ref-1) in the early period after liver transplantation. METHODS: A total of 150 adult male Wister rats were divided randomly into three groups: liver transplantation, sham surgery, and untreated control. After liver transplantation, animals were sacrificed at different time points. Hepatic and renal functions were analyzed by serology. Histology, apoptotic levels, and Ref-1 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in the liver, kidneys, intestines, and lungs. RESULTS: Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase peaked 6 h after liver transplantation and decreased appreciably after 12 h in the transplantation group, suggesting that the degree of liver injury in the early period after transplantation peaked at 6 h and then decreased. Pathological analyses showed that hepatic tissues were more severely injured in the transplantation group than in the sham and untreated groups. A considerable number of infiltrating inflammatory cells was observed around the portal vein in the transplantation group. Injuries to the kidneys, intestines, and lungs were milder after liver transplantation. Apoptotic levels increased after liver transplantation in all four organs examined. Ref-1 expression was higher in the transplantation group in the early period after liver transplantation than in the sham surgery and untreated control groups. CONCLUSION: Ref-1 expression induced by ischemia–reperfusion injury may have a critical role in repairing multiple-organ injuries after liver transplantation.     

抗ICOS免疫疗法抑制鼠心脏移植的加速性和慢性排斥反应

背景：在DA鼠移植给路易鼠模型中,用AdCTLA-4Ig免疫球蛋白阻断B7-CD28共刺激信号可以诱导心脏同种异体移植的长期免疫耐受。然而这种耐受是不完全的,并最终发生排斥。尤其是在心脏移植后功能良好时将供体皮肤移植给受体可以引发加速性移植心脏的排斥反应。 目的：重新评价抗ICOS抗体疗法与AdCTLA-4Ig疗法相结合在同种异体移植中的作用。验证抗ICOS疗法无论是否应用AdCTLA-4Ig疗法都起到阻断心脏加速性排斥的作用。 方法：在DA(供体)→LEW(受体)鼠之间进行心脏移植手术。心脏移植给予受体鼠一次静脉注射109 pfu AdCTLA-4Ig。生存期> 50 d的受体鼠接受全厚皮片移植到侧胸壁,第50天开始静脉注射抗ICOS抗体(1 mg/kg)或者IgG,隔天注射1次,共2周。完全移植排斥被定义为心脏停止跳动,或者组织学上通过单核细胞浸润和心肌细胞坏死的苏木精-伊红染色证实。 结果与结论：AdCTLA-4Ig处置受体生存大于100 d的心脏切片可见典型的ICOS+单核细胞浸润,并表现出血管病理性改变。AdCTLA-4Ig疗法与抗ICOS抗体结合可介导出对慢性排斥稳定的耐受。抗ICOS疗法明显减少了ICOS阳性炎性细胞浸润,并阻断了皮肤二次移植引发的心脏加速性免疫排斥反应。实验结果表明了ICOS在慢性及急性心脏移植免疫排斥中的重要作用,并揭示出阻断血管化器官同种异体移植慢性排斥的革命性观点。     

IgG4相关唾液腺炎的临床病理特点及诊断

SUMMARY Immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is a newly recognized immune-mediated disease and one of immunoglobulin G4-related diseases (IgG4-RD). Our multidisciplinary research group investigated the clinicopathological characteristics and diagnosis of IgG4-RS during the past 10 years. Clinically, it showed multiple bilateral enlargement of major salivary glands (including sublingual and accessory parotid glands) and lacrimal glands. The comorbid diseases of head and neck region including rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and lymphadenopathy were commonly seen, which could occur more early than enlargement of major salivary glands. Internal organ involvements, such as autoimmune pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and interstitial pneumonia could also be seen. Thirty-five (38.5%)patients had the symptom of xerostomia. Saliva flow at rest was lower than normal. Secretory function was reduced more severely in the submandibular glands than in the parotid glands. Serum levels of IgG4 were elevated in almost all the cases and the majority of the patients had increased IgE levels. CT, ultrasonography, and sialography showed their imaging characteristics. Histologically it showed marked lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, large irregular lymphoid follicles with expanded germinal centers, prominent cellular interlobular fibrosis, eosinophil infiltration, and obliterative phlebitis. Their immunohistological examination showed marked IgG-positive and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration and high IgG4/IgG ratio. The disease could be divided into three stages according to severity of glandular fibrosis. The serum IgG4 level was higher and the saliva secretion lower as glandular fibrosis increased. IgG4-RS should be differentiated from other diseases with enlargement of major salivary gland and lacrimal gland, such as primary Sjögren syndrome, chronic obstructive submandibular sialadenitis, and eosinophilic hyperplastic lymphogranuloma.     

应用米托蒽醌膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发

目的　论述米托蒽醌膀胱灌注术对防止膀胱癌术后复发的作用。方法　选择膀胱癌术后患者 1 8例 ,于术后 7～ 1 0d开始施膀胱灌注 ,应用盐酸米托蒽醌注射液 1 0mg加 0 85 %盐水 30mL ,置导尿管入膀胱 ,排空尿液后 ,注入药物 ,令病人每 30min变换 1次体位 ,使药物在膀胱内保留 2h后排出 ,开始为每周 1次 ,共 8次。以后每月 1次～ 1年。注药后每 3个月查膀胱颈 1次 ,并取病检以评估疗效。结果　本组 1 8例随访 1 6～ 4 8个月 ,平均 2 7个月 ,其中 1 6例无复发迹象 ,占 88 8%。临床症状和体征均获缓解。结论　本疗法对防止膀胱术后复发有较高价值     

新型手工缝合食管空肠吻合技术在全腹腔镜全胃切除术中的应用

回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年5月北京大学第九临床医学院普外科行全腹腔镜全胃切除术新型手工缝合法食管空肠吻合技术治疗13例食管贲门癌患者的临床资料,平均完成食管空肠吻合时间（32±5） min,平均手术时间（218±61） min,中位术中出血量100 （100~300） ml,平均术中获取淋巴结（30±12）个...     

血红素加氧酶-1在七氟醚预处理减轻乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的作用

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在七氟醚预处理减轻乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的作用.方法 新生健康清洁级SD大鼠15只,日龄1～3d,处死后取心室肌组织,原代培养心肌细胞,以1×106个/ml接种于6孔培养板或以2× 105个/ml接种于24孔培养板,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n＝25):对照组(C组)常规培养;缺氧复氧组(H/R组)采用缺氧2h,复氧1h的方法制备心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型;七氟醚预处理组(S+ H/R组)细胞经2.5％七氟醚预处理20min后行药物洗脱10 min,再行缺氧复氧处理;锌原卟啉+七氟醚预处理组(ZnPP+ S+ H/R组)细胞经HO-1抑制剂锌原卟啉3 μmol/L孵育1h后,行七氟醚预处理及缺氧复氧处理.于复氧结束后测定心肌细胞HO-1表达、细胞凋亡率、细胞内游离Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)、线粒体膜通透性转运孔(PTP)开放程度、细胞色素C(Cyto C)表达及培养液LDH和CK活性.结果 与C组比较,H/R组心肌细胞HO-1和胞浆Cyto C表达上调,线粒体Cyto C表达下调,培养液LDH、CK活性、细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和PTP开放度升高(P<0.01).与H/R组比较,S+H/R组心肌细胞HO-1和线粒体Cyto C表达上调,胞浆Cyto C 表达下调,培养液LDH、CK活性、细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和PIP开放度降低(P<0.01).与S+H/R组比较,ZnPP+ S+ H/R组心肌细胞HO-1和线粒体Cyto C表达下调,胞浆CytoC表达上调,培养液LDH、CK活性、细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和PTP开放度升高(P<0.01).结论 HO-1表达上调参与了七氟醚预处理减轻乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤.     

瑞芬太尼对肠缺血再灌注大鼠肠上皮细胞凋亡时MAPK信号通路的影响

目的:评价瑞芬太尼对肠缺血再灌注大鼠肠上皮细胞凋亡时丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路的影响。方法:清洁级健康成年雄性SD大鼠36只,体重200～250 g,2月龄,采用随机数字表法分为3组( n＝12)：假手术组(Sham组)、肠缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和瑞芬太尼组(R组)。采用夹闭大鼠肠系膜上动脉1...     

腹腔镜下胃肠间质瘤切除术单中心回顾性分析

目的探究腹腔镜下胃肠间质瘤(GIST)切除术的临床疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年7月实施GIST切除术的80例患者资料，根据术式不同分为腹腔镜组(62例)和开腹组(18例)。采用统计软件SPSS21.0行数据分析，围术期指标采用( ±s)表示，独立样本t检验；术后并发症发生率行χ²检验。采用Kaplan－Meier法进行预后生存分析，P<0.05为检验标准。 结果腹腔镜组在手术时间、出血量、术后恢复等方面优于开腹组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症总发生率、术后20个月无病生存率及总生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组织病理检查结果显示，胃肠间质瘤病灶形态多为椭圆形、类圆形及不规则形，其中梭形细胞型占比最多(71.3%)。免疫组织化学检测显示，CD34蛋白阳性率为83.7%，CD117蛋白阳性率为95.0%，DOG1蛋白阳性率为91.3%。 结论腹腔镜下GIST切除术较传统开腹手术术时短、出血少、恢复快、并发症少，手术安全可行，值得推广应用。