癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

地塞米松诱导胸腺细胞凋亡在神经免疫性疾病研究中的意义

目的观察地塞米松诱导胸腺细胞caspase-3蛋白与p38MAPK的表达变化,探讨地塞米松诱导胸腺细胞凋亡在神经免疫性疾病研究中的意义。方法采取体外细胞培养Balb/c小鼠(体质量20g左右的Balb/c小鼠,雌雄不限)胸腺细胞的方法,制备地塞米松诱导的细胞凋亡模型,通过流式细胞仪观察凋亡细胞数量的变化情况。运用Westernblotting技术检测地塞米松处理的Balb/c小鼠胸腺细胞0,30,60,180min时相点caspase-3蛋白与p38MAPK的表达变化。结果地塞米松可以诱导Balb/c小鼠胸腺细胞发生凋亡,发生的比例是21.75%。随后的westernblot检测显示,伤后即刻p38MAPK开始表达,并在60min达到高峰,随后有所减弱。而caspase-3蛋白的表达开始较弱呈逐渐升高的趋势,一直持续至伤后180min。结论p38MAPK信号通路在地塞米松诱导的Balb/c小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用。     

癌症患者亲属的焦虑、抑郁状况及相关因素研究

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine anxiety and depression in primary family caregivers of patients with cancer and to examine related factors that are associated with anxiety and depression of family caregivers.Methods The anxiety was rated with the Serf-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the depression rated with the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale ( CES-D ).The general conditions of the caregivers were collected with questionnaires designed by authors among the 106 primary family earegivers for inpatients having cancer.Results The mean depression scores of caregivers rated by the 106 earegivers themselve for the cancer patients on the CES-D was ( 18.75±9.06),which was significandy higher than that of the normal samples in our country and exhibited a statistical difference (P＜0.01).55.7% of caregivers reported depression symptoms.In 106 caregivers,the score from self-rating anxiety scale is ( 33.94±7.09),which was higher than that of the normal samples in our country,having a statistical difference (P＜0.01).22.6% of the caregivers reported their SAS scores exceeded thresholds for clinical anxiety.The high anxiety index was significandy associated with the caregivers reported more patients symptoms,and the spouses of the patients were also at the high risk of anxiety.Conclusions A high level of severe anxiety and depression existed in primary family caregivers of cancer patients.The psychological status of caregivers was influenced by many kinds of factors.Health care personnel should actively provide corresponding interventions to improve the level of mental health in family caregivers of patients.     

肺癌组织基因组DNA异常甲基化的检测与分析

背景与目的对肺癌组织基因组DNA异常甲基化进行筛选与分析,探索肺癌发病的表遗传致癌机制。材料与方法从肺癌和癌旁组织中分别提取基因组DNA,经Mse1(甲基化非敏感性酶)单独消化或Mse1和BstU1(甲基化敏感性酶)联合消化,消化产物用甲基化敏感性内切酶指纹法(PCR-basedtechnique-Methylation-sensitiveRestrictionFingerprinting,MSRF)进行分析,肺癌组织出现异常甲基化基因片段,进一步将异常甲基化DNA片段进行亚克隆和序列测定,再与基因文库中的基因进行类比分析,同时按年龄、性别及吸烟状况分组并分析其与肺癌DNA异常甲基化的关系。结果84.5%(49/58)的肺癌样本出现异常甲基化现象,但肺鳞癌(82.1%)与肺腺癌(88.5%)的异常甲基化率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.073,P>0.05);在异常甲基化DNA片段中,高甲基化现象占83%,低甲基化为17%,发现2条重要的高甲基化基因片段,它们分别与抑癌基因WT-1(Wilm'stumorsuppressorgene)和细胞周期调控基因CCNC(humancyclinCgene)匹配;经统计学分析,吸烟、年龄和性别与肺癌DNA异常甲基化无关。结论基因组DNA的异常甲基化,特别是高甲基化现象,可能在肺癌发生发展中起重要作用,这可能是肺癌发病的表遗传机制。     

DNA修复基因O~6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶在人群肺癌发生中的作用

目的：探讨DNA修复基因O^6－甲基鸟嘌呤－DNA甲基转移酶（O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase,hMGMT)在人群肺癌发生中的作用。方法：用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术检测150例肺癌组织、40例正常肺组织、50例对肺癌例和对照外周血单个核细胞中hMGMT基因mRNA的表达；用免疫组化检测p53、C－MYC、K－RAS基因表达，并分析有关暴露因素对修复基因hMGMT表达的影响，以及hMGMT基因与p53、C－MYC、K－RAS等癌变相关基因的关系。结果：32．7％（49／150）的肺癌组织和5．0％（2／40）的正常肺组织存在hMGMT基因表达低下，hMGMT基因表达低下与肺癌发生的危险度OR值为9．22（2．05－57．65），20．0％（10／50）的肺癌病人外周血和4％（2／50）的正常人外周单个核细胞细胞也可检出hMGMT基因表达低下，探讨影响hMGMT基因表达的各种暴露因素，发现吸烟可抑制hMGMT基因表达，另外发现，K－RAS癌基因的过度表达与hMGMT表达低下有关（P＜0．05）；而p53、C－MYC基因的表达与hMGMT无关。结论：DNA修复hMGMT在肺癌发生中起着重要的作用，其表达低下是人群发生肺癌的危险因素之一，该基因的低表达可作为有价值的肺癌易感性标志。     

山西省三种煤尘抽提物的致突变性研究

煤矿工人肺癌高发及其发病原因已有很多研究报道。另有资料表明,煤矿工人的胃癌发病率也高于非煤矿工人,且与接尘量及接尘时间有关。对此Whong曾提出“吞咽煤尘”假说,以解释其原因。但有资料表明,测试方法、煤尘的产地和品种不同,其致突变性有一定的差异。本实验旨在选用较新、较灵敏的方法,对我国山西省的三种不     

预防医学教学改革与社会实践

随着社舍的发展和医学科学技术的进步，医学的模式也发生了巨大的变化，已从传统的生物医学模式转化为生物──心理──社会医学模式，医生不仅要掌握现代医学的专业技能，还应具有群体预防的战略思想，具有保护健康、促进健康的意识，这样才能适应现代医学目标的转变，即从单纯诊断型向预防、治疗、康复、保健型转变。临床医学专业培养的学生是将来卫生工作队伍的主体，他们的预防意识与技能的高低将直接影响我国未来的卫生工作。因此全面提高预防意识，进一步演化医学教育改革加强医学生的预防医学知识和技能的培养是当前一项紧迫而重要的…     

已酰氨基多环芳烃的纯化及其致突变性

乙酰氨基多环芳烃存在于环境中,用HPLC从煤的蒸馏物中分离乙酰氨基多环芳烃的工作早有报道。本文用一系列有代表性的乙酰氨基菲、乙酰氨基苣、乙酰氨基芘及乙酰氨基苯并(a)芘做Ames试验,旨在研究其结构和致突变性之间的构效关系,以便了解这类化合物活化代谢之机理。这些化合物是2-乙酰氨基菲、3-乙酰氨基菲、9-乙酰氨基菲、6-乙酰氨基苣、1-乙酰氨基芘、1/3-乙酰氨基-7,