多发性硬化的研究进展

多发性硬化(Mulriple Sclerosis,MS)是青壮年时期的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病。其特点为病灶多发,病程中常有缓解与复发。西北欧、北美洲的发病率高达50～100/10万,亚洲的发病率较低。近几年来,我国并不少见。临床表现较为复杂,有时不易作出诊断。为了提高对本病的认识,现收集有关文献,对其病因、症状、诊断等方面作一综述。     

尿中某些酶测定在丁胺卡那肾毒性监测中的应用

探讨药物致肾损伤早期诊断方法。用酶法测定碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）。速率法测γ－谷氨酰转肽酶（ＧＧＴ）,Ｎ－乙酰－β－Ｄ氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）、β－半乳糖苷酶（Ｇａｌ）及肌肝（ＵＣｒ）,磺柳酸法测尿蛋白（Ｐｒｏ）。结果：尿酶升高均早于尿蛋白的出现,特别是ＮＡＧ于用药后第３天即有显著升高,Ｇａｌ则在用药后３ｄ内持续升高,尿酶,特别是ＮＡＧ是药物引起肾损伤早期诊断指标。     

头孢西丁及其他6种β—内酰胺药物体外抗厌氧菌活性研究

目的对头孢西丁作体外抗厌氧菌活性研究,并与其他６种β－内酰胺酶抗生素进行比较。方法用琼脂两倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）。结果头孢西丁对拟杆菌属、厌氧性球菌、梭杆菌属及革兰阳性厌氧杆菌的敏感覆盖率均达１００％。其ＭＩＣ５０分别为０、１２５、０．２５、０．１２５和１μｇ／ｍｌ;ＭＩＣ９０分别为４、４、１和４μｇ／ｍｌ。累积抑制率数据表明头孢西丁达１００％抑制率时,ＭＩＣ值较其他同类药低２～５倍不等。结论头孢西丁对革兰阳性和阴性厌氧菌均有良好的抗菌活性。     

Dressler综合征1例

１　临床资料患者男,５８岁,汉族,干部。因劳累后出现发作性胸骨后闷痛,持续１８ｈ不缓解,于１９９８年４月１３日急入当地医院。心电图检查：Ｖ１～Ｖ４导联图形呈ＱＳ型,ＳＴ段呈弓背样抬高,诊断：急性前壁心肌梗塞。给予扩冠、抗凝、对症治疗２ｄ后症状缓解,时感胸闷,无明显胸骨后疼痛,２０ｄ后出现发热,体温３８．２℃,伴咳嗽、咳痰,白色粘痰,考虑为上呼吸道感染,予以抗炎治疗,疗效不佳,且渐伴胸闷、气短、乏力,为行进一步诊治而入我院。入院查体：一般状况尚可,抬入病房,营养发育欠佳,双侧胸廓语颤基本对称,双肺…     

CT设备球管选择浅析

当今市场上的CT球管品类日益繁多。除了飞利浦、GE、西门子、东芝、岛津等这些CT设备厂商提供的球管之外，还产生了诸多的替代球管品牌。例如：瓦里安品牌的球管、Comet、Inmak等等。那么如何恰当的选择一款最恰当的球管呢?在此，浅析一下球管选择时一些容易被忽略的方面，希望能抛砖引玉。拾漏补遗，对CT使用者选择球管时有所帮助。     

肺癌骨转移疼痛的综合治疗

我院自１９９０年３月至１９９６年１２月，对３６例既往未做任何治疗的肺癌骨转移病人采用综合治疗方法，现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料肺癌骨转移病人共３６例，男性２１例，女性１５例。年龄３７～７２岁，平均年龄４６．６岁。病理类型：鳞状细胞癌１２例、腺...     

烧伤病人应用呼吸机时的护理

严重烧伤后的休克、感染、肺部并发症以及吸入性损伤，常会导致呼吸功能衰竭，需采用呼吸机进行机械呼吸治疗，维持病人的呼吸功能。病人上了呼吸机后，护理工作不仅量大繁琐，而且还需要认真细心、一丝不苟，护理工作的好坏，可直接影响着机械呼吸治疗的效果。我院自1980年以来，应用呼吸机抢救烧伤后呼吸衰竭病人64例，取得了一些经验。现总结如下：     

卡巴胆碱对烧伤延迟复苏大鼠免疫功能的影响

Objective To explore the changing trend of Ia on monocyte, lymphocyte apoptosis rate, TNF-α and IL-6 in abdominal aorta of burned rats with delayed resuscitation and the influence of application of carbachol on them. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n =8), scald group(n =48) and scald with carbachol treatment group(n =48). In latter two groups, rats were inflicted with 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald and delayed fluid resuscitation. All scald rats were sacrificed at the 6th hours or 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 14th day after scald, with 8 rats at each time point. Expression of Ia antigen on monocyte and lymphocyte apoptosis rate were determined by direct immunofluorescence on a flow cytometer, and TNF-α and IL-6 was measured by ELISA. Results Expression of la on monocyte was obviously lower than that of controls. The lowest levels were recorded on the 6th hours and 1st day after scald. Subsequently, Ia was elevated gradually, but still lower than that of normal rats(P <0. 01). After administration of carbachol, Ia expression was obviously promoted, compared with the simple scald group (P <0. 01). Lymphocyte apoptosis rate, TNF-α and IL-6 was higher than that of controls(P <0. 01). After administration of cavachol, , lymphocyte apoptosis rate and TNF-α and IL-6 was obviously down-regulated on the 6th hours, 1st day, 2nd day and 3rd day after scald injury, compared with the simple scald group (P < 0. 01 or 0. 05). Conclusion After severe burn with delayed fluid resuscitation, there is a low la expression, high lymphocyte apoptosis rate and increased releasing of proinflammatory cytokine. Immune function was suppressed. Carbacho] could improve the immune function of scald rats with delayed fluid resuscitation.     

舒芬太尼用于分娩镇痛的临床研究

舒芬太尼是芬太尼家族中止痛效果最强的一种μ受体激动剂，其脂溶性是芬太尼的2倍，极易通过神经细胞膜和血脑屏障，静脉镇痛强度比芬太尼强7—10倍，而在鞘内镇痛强度是芬太尼的4—5倍，用于术后镇痛和分娩镇痛具有明显优势。本研究旨在探讨舒芬太尼用于分娩镇痛的安全性和最佳剂量，现将结果报道如下。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与人脱细胞真皮基质临床应用的比较

1材料和方法 1．1分组 选取18例住院烧烫伤患者的28个需要切痂植皮的Ⅲ度创面。男12例，女6例，年龄17—56岁，烧伤面积1％-60％；移植部位包括胸部4例，上臂8例，大腿10例，手背6例；移植时间于伤后3～29d。所有创面随机分成两组（其中同体对照10例），其中14个创面为A组（人脱细胞真皮基质加自体刃厚皮移植治疗组），另外14个创面为B组[异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质加自体刃厚皮移植治疗组]。