运用Cool-tip射频电极肝脏复合消融的实验研究

目的 了解在使用Cool-tip射频电极下肝组织的复合消融特点,为临床制定肝癌消融方案提供参考.方法 分别采用裸露端3cm的单束和裸露端2.5cm集束Cool-tip射频电极对离体新鲜猪肝行多针多点复合射频消融,能量输出0～200W,单次消融时间12min,观察不同针距及布针数所造成的组织凝固范围和形态.结果 单束电极复合消融针距2cm,而集束电极针距3cm,所获得的凝固区重叠好,横向2针2点和不同深度1针2点消融所获得的凝固范围(深径×横径×前后径)分别约为4.0cm×4.5cm×3.0cm、5.8cm×3.5cm×3.0cm;4.7cm×6.5em×4.5cm、6.5cm×4.5cm×4.3cm.集束电极3针3点,呈等边三角形布针,针距3cm,获得凝固范围约为4.8cm×6.4cm×6.8cm.集束电极4针4点,呈菱形布针,针距3cm,所获得的组织凝固范围约为5.0cm× 6.6cm×8.2cm.同针距呈正方形布针,所获得的组织凝固范围约为5.2cm×6.5cm×6.8cm.结论 设计合理的复合消融方案既可以提高消融效率、避免过度消融,又可以获得足够的凝固重叠范围.集束电极复合消融可使射频消融适应症扩大到6cm肿瘤.     

三维超声体积自动测量技术测量肝脏肿瘤体积的临床研究

目的 :评估三维超声体积自动测量技术测量肝脏肿瘤体积的准确性。方法 :用超声在术前测量 33例肝脏占位性病变患者共 37个肿块的体积 ,二维超声测量按标准椭圆体公式计算 ,三维超声测量采用新近开发的三维体积自动测量技术。用水置换法测量手术切除肿块的实际体积。结果 :1 .三维超声体积自动测量平均耗时5.70± 1 .89min(范围 4min至 1 0 min) ;2 .肿块体积测量误差在三维超声为 0 .94%± 1 1 .2 8% (范围 - 1 9.88%至2 8.52 % ) ,二维超声为 1 5.2 5%± 37.33% (范围 - 70 .60 %至 1 0 0 .60 % ) (P<0 .0 5 ) ;3.超声测量值与肿瘤实际体积的差值 ,三维超声为 (- 2 .71± 2 3.2 6) ml(范围 - 1 2 8.80 ml至 2 4 .0 5ml) ,二维超声为 (2 1 .69± 58.32 ) ml(范围 - 90 .0 2 ml至 2 4 9.0 2 ml) (P<0 .0 5) ;4.超声测量的一致界限 (L imitof agreement)三维超声为 - 4 9.2 2至43.80 ml,二维超声则为 - 94.59至 1 38.33ml;5.三维超声测量值 (γ=0 .992 ,P<0 .0 0 1 ;y=- 7.83± 1 .0 7x)和二维超声测量值 (γ=0 .967,P<0 .0 0 1 ;y=1 5.2 2± 0 .79x)均与肿瘤实际体积相关 ,但三维超声的相关系数更高。结论 :三维体积自动测量技术能准确地测量肝脏肿瘤的体积 ,且耗时短 ,操作简单 ,具有临床实用价值。     

慢性放射性直肠炎经直肠超声表现

目的 观察慢性放射性直肠炎的经直肠超声表现。方法 对52例晚期宫颈癌放疗后发生慢性放射性直肠炎患者行经直肠超声检查,其中7例已行横结肠造瘘（造瘘组）,45例未行横结肠造瘘术（非造瘘组）,采用二维灰阶超声观察并记录可探及范围内直肠肠壁厚度和层次、溃疡及直肠阴道瘘等情况;能量多普勒观察肠壁血流,并根据Limberg标准进行分级。分析肠壁厚度与血供分级的相关性;比较造瘘组与非造瘘组患者病变肠壁厚度、血流情况。结果 52例患者病变肠壁平均厚度（7.88±2.05）mm,肠壁血供Ⅲ~Ⅳ级35例（35/52,67.31%）;肠壁厚度与血供分级存在相关性（r_s=0.48,P<0.01）;造瘘组与非造瘘组患者肠壁厚度、血供分级的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 慢性放射性直肠炎的经直肠超声特征性表现为病变肠管壁弥漫性增厚、血流信号增多。     

肝细胞性肝癌超声造影表现与肿瘤病理分化关系的研究

目的探讨肝细胞性肝癌（HCC）超声造影（CEUS）表现与肿瘤病理分化的关系。方法121个HCC病灶接受了CEUS和病理学检查。CEUS使用造影剂声诺维和对比脉冲序列（CPS）成像技术，组织病理诊断按Edmonson法分类。结果肿瘤分化程度与肿瘤增强变低时间呈线性相关。不同分化程度的肿瘤增强变低的时间及延迟期肿瘤的增强水平均有明显差异（P=0．04、P=0．026），但肿瘤开始增强时间、增强变等时间以及动脉期和门脉期肿瘤的增强水平无明显差异（P=0．26、P=0．33、P=0．23、P=0．58）。结论在CEUS上HCC增强消退的时间与肿瘤分化程度相关。分化好的HCC病灶增强减退较慢，少数病灶门脉期或延迟期仍可呈等或高增强，分化差的肿瘤增强减退较快，绝大多数病灶门脉期或延迟期呈低增强。     

超声引导下射频消融联合多极无水乙醇注射治疗直径3～7 cm肝细胞癌

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮射频消融联合多极无水乙醇注射治疗3 cm以上肝细胞癌的有效性和安全性.方法 对65例肝细胞癌患者的67个结节进行治疗,肿瘤直径3.1～7.0 cm,术后观察疗效及并发症发生情况.结果 首次治疗后结节的完全消融率为94.0％(63/67),4个残留的结节经补充治疗后均得到完全消融.主要并发症有3例,包括肝脓肿1例、腹腔出血1例、腹腔大量积液1例,经保守治疗后均好转.无治疗相关的死亡发生.术后平均随访(20.0±7.6)个月(6.7～32.6个月),肿瘤局部进展10例,远处复发32例.共有57例患者存活,8例死亡.1年、2年累积生存率分别为93.1％及88.1％.结论 射频消融联合多极无水乙醇注射能够安全、有效地治疗直径3 cm以上,尤其是3～5 cm的肝细胞癌.     

血管生成靶向微泡的鉴定及黏附实验

目的 体外评价"亲和素-生物素"法制备靶向整合素αvβ3的微泡(MBαvβ3)及其黏附人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的效能.方法 "亲和素-生物素"法桥连αvβ3抗体于磷脂微泡,体外荧光法鉴定其表面"生物素-亲和素-生物素"结构,应用平行平板流动腔(PPFC)技术评价MBαvβ3特异性黏附HUVECs的效能.结果 加入荧光标记的亲和素后,生物素化微泡(MBB)表面可见明亮荧光,普通微泡未见荧光;MBB加入荧光标记的蛋白A也未见荧光;MBB结合亲和素后,再加入荧光标记的生物素或蛋白A,前者表面可见明亮荧光,后者未见荧光.PPFC内,MBαvβ3组和普通微泡组结合数分别为(9.9±3.1)微泡/HUVEC和(0.8±0.3)微泡/HUVEC(P<0.05).结论 "生物素-亲和素"法能成功制备MBαvβ3,具有特异黏附血管内皮细胞的能力.

Abstract：

Objective To identify microbubbles targeted (MBt) to alpha(v)beta(3) (αvβ3) via biotin-avidin bridge and evaluate the adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro.Methods MBt produced via biotin-avidin bridge were validated using fluorescence in vitro.Adhesion of αvβ3-integrin targeted MBt (MBαvβ3) to HUVECs was tested using the parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC) test.Results Bright green fluorescence was observed on the biotinylated microbubbles(MBB) incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled streptavidin (FITC-SA) and on MBB-SA incubated with FITC labeled biotin.There was no fluorescence seen on non-targeted control microbubbles,MBB incubated with FITC labeled protein A and MBB-SA incubated with FITC labeled protein A. The adherent rate of MBαvβ3 was significantly higher than MBt with non-specific antibody (MBN) in PPFC test,with 9.9±3.1 of MBαvβ3 and 0.8±0.3 of MBN adhered to HUVECs,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusions Avβ3 targeted microbubbles using biotin-avidin bridging method is highly efficient and reliable for HUVECs.     

肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的超声造影表现

Objective To investigate the features of hepatic angiomyolipoma(AML) on contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods Ten pathologically proved AML lesions in 9 patients were evaluated by using baseline ultrasound and CEUS. CEUS was performed with contrast pulse sequencing technique and the contrast agent of SonoVue. Results On baseline ultrasound, 7 lesions exhibited mixed echoic,which was obvious hyperechoic combined with partly of hypoechoie; 3 lesions exhitited obvious hypereehoic. On color Doppler flow imaging artery signals were detected in all lesions. And the lesions had plenty or slightly plenty of artery supply,with resistive index about 0.53 4±0.10 (0.48~0.62). On CEUS, in the arterial phase, 9 lesions exhibited hyper-enhanced. In the portal phase, 5 lesions exhibited iso-enhancement,1 lesion was slightly hyper-enhancement and 3 lesions was hypo-enhancement. In the late phase 6 lesions were iso-enhancement and 3 lesions were hypo-enhancement. One lesion was all hypo-enhancement in all three phases. Conclusions There are some characteristic manifestations of hepatic AML in CEUS, which are helpful for the diagnosis of hepatic AML in a way,but we still need more experiences.     

超声造影定量分析评估门静脉癌栓对肝癌血流动力学的影响

摘 要： 【目的】 探讨超声造影（ＣＥＵＳ）定量分析在门静脉癌栓（ＰＶＴＴ）对原发性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）血流动力学影响中的价值。【方法】 回顾性分析７例ＨＣＣ合并ＰＶＴＴ和１４例ＨＣＣ未合并ＰＶＴＴ患者的超声造影动态图像,以ＳｏｎｏＬｉｖｅｒＴＭ定量软件进行分析,获得肝癌与周围肝实质的时间－强度曲线,最大峰值强度（ＩＭＡＸ ）、上升时间（ＲＴ ）、平均渡越时间（ ＭＴＴ ）、达峰时间（ ＴＴＰ）分别于组内及组间进行比较。【结果】 ①组内比较：ＰＶＴＴ组和对照组中ＨＣＣ的ＲＴ和ＴＴＰ均快于周围肝实质。对照组ＨＣＣ的ＩＭＡＸ显著高于周围肝较强,而ＰＶＴＴ组中,ＨＣＣ的ＩＭＡＸ与周围肝实质无显著性差异。②组间比较：ＰＶＴＴ组的ＲＴ和ＴＴＰ无论ＨＣＣ还是肝实质,均快于对照组。而在ＰＶＴＴ组ＨＣＣ的ＩＭＡＸ较对照组显著降低。【结论】ＨＣＣ合并ＰＶＴＴ后与对照组有着不同的血流动力学参数,其ＲＴ 和 ＴＴＰ增快、ＩＭＡＸ减低,这可能为微小癌栓的预测提供一定的临床价值。     

肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的超声造影表现

Objective To investigate the features of hepatic angiomyolipoma(AML) on contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods Ten pathologically proved AML lesions in 9 patients were evaluated by using baseline ultrasound and CEUS. CEUS was performed with contrast pulse sequencing technique and the contrast agent of SonoVue. Results On baseline ultrasound, 7 lesions exhibited mixed echoic,which was obvious hyperechoic combined with partly of hypoechoie; 3 lesions exhitited obvious hypereehoic. On color Doppler flow imaging artery signals were detected in all lesions. And the lesions had plenty or slightly plenty of artery supply,with resistive index about 0.53 4±0.10 (0.48~0.62). On CEUS, in the arterial phase, 9 lesions exhibited hyper-enhanced. In the portal phase, 5 lesions exhibited iso-enhancement,1 lesion was slightly hyper-enhancement and 3 lesions was hypo-enhancement. In the late phase 6 lesions were iso-enhancement and 3 lesions were hypo-enhancement. One lesion was all hypo-enhancement in all three phases. Conclusions There are some characteristic manifestations of hepatic AML in CEUS, which are helpful for the diagnosis of hepatic AML in a way,but we still need more experiences.