血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

目的 以血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架置人术后发生支架内再狭窄及血栓形成的机械性危险因素.方法 对雷帕霉素洗脱支架置入术后发生支架内再狭窄或早期(≤30 d)血栓形成的60例患者(事件组)及无支架内再狭窄和早期血栓形成的34例患者(无事件组)的血管内超声资料进行分析比较.结果 事件组发生支架内再狭窄43例,早期血栓形成17例.与无事件组比较,事件组的最小支架面积(MSA)[(4.6±1.6)mm2比(5.8±1.6)mm2,P＜0.01]、最小支架直径[(2.2±0.5)mm比(2.5±0.4)mm,P＜0.01]和支架扩张率[(69.2±20.7)%比(80.6±17.2)%,P＜0.01]较小、纵向支架对称性较差(2.0±0.6比1.7±0.6,P＜0.05).MSA＜4 mm2(43.3%比14.7%,P＜0.01)和支架扩张率＜60%(40.7%比11.8%,P＜0.01)在事件组较常见.与无事件组比较,事件组的近段残余斑块负倚较大[(49.0±15.5)%比(38.4±17.6)%,P＜0.01].Logistic回归分析显示,MSA(OR:0.7,95%CI:0.5～0.8,P＜0.01)和近段残余斑块负荷(OR:280.7,95%CI:17.2～40 583.6,P＜0.01)是药物洗脱支架发生再狭窄或早期血栓形成的独立预测因素.结论 较小的MSA和较重的近段残余病变易导致雷帕霉素洗脱支架发生支架内冉狭窄及早期血栓形成.     

超敏C反应蛋白和脂蛋白a测定在冠状动脉植入药物洗脱支架后发生支架内再狭窄的意义

目的:探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和脂蛋白a(LP(a))测定在冠状动脉植入药物洗脱支架后发生支架内再狭窄的意义。方法:在上海中山医院复查冠脉造影的486例患者资料进行了回顾性分析。结果:发生再狭窄的患者第二次冠脉造影前超敏CRP水平(3.1±3.7mg/L比1.0±1.4mg/L,P<0.01)和Lp(a)水平(271±267.5mol/L比167.7±122.3mol/L,P<0.01)均较无再狭窄组增高;多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示药物洗脱支架术后支架内再狭窄与超敏CRP水平(P=0.002,OR=1.655,95%CI:1.195～2.291)、Lp(a)水平(P=0.012,OR=1.004,95%CI:1.001～1.007)成正相关。结论:对于药物洗脱支架植入术后的患者,控制超敏CRP、Lp(a)水平是减少支架内再狭窄的重要因素。     

心肌血流储备分数和血管内超声联合评价冠状动脉临界性病变：附二例报告

心肌血流储备分数（fractional flow reserve, FFRmyo）是指存在狭窄病变的冠状动脉所供心肌区域能获得的最大血流与同一区域无狭窄情况下的最大血流之比,其提示狭窄病变对血流影响的程度．多层螺旋CT、冠状动脉造影和山管内超声是影像学手段,提供病变的解剖学信息。但影像学手段可能低估或高估病变的严重程度。我们联合应用血管内超声和FFRmyo,对2例冠状动脉造影表现为临界性狭窄的病变进行评价。     

冠状动脉痉挛的血管内超声表现

患者,男,52岁,因反复胸痛1周,加重3d入院.患者3d前睡眠中发作心前区压榨样疼痛,持续5h,心电图示Ⅱ,Ⅲ,aVF,V4-6导联ST段水平型压低0.05～0.20mV,心肌损伤标志物示CK-MB峰值29ng/ml(正常范围0～20ng/ml),cTnI峰值6.12ng/ml(正常范围0～0.2ng/ml).超声心动图检查示静息状态下室壁运动未见异常,左室射血分数60%.既往有长期吸烟史(吸烟20支/天,共20年),否认高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常病史.     

26例致心律失常右室心肌病的临床和心电图特点分析

目的:探讨致心律失常右室心肌病(ARVC)的临床和心电图特点。方法:收集、查阅1993～2003年 上海市中山医院心内科26例诊断为ARVC的入院病例资料,分析其窦性心律和(或)室性心动过速发作时的常 规体表心电图各项参数,并作统计分析。结果:26例ARVC病例中,入院年龄为13～70(37.7±15.1)岁,首发症 状年龄为8～55(33.2±13.9)岁;13例(50%)有晕厥发作史。25例常规心电图检查中有11例(44.0%)发现Ep silon波,多见于右侧胸导联(V1～3),部分病例可出现于Ⅱ、Ⅲ和aVF导联,其中1例在大多数导联上均可见Epsi lon波;8例(33.3%)右侧胸导联可见T波倒置。右侧胸导联的平均QRS间期(QRS1=V1+V2+V3间期的平 均值)为0.1～0.22(0.13±0.030)s,左侧胸导联的平均QRS时间(QRS2=V4+V5+V6间期的平均值)为0.08 ～0.18(0.11±0.02)s(P<0.01),QRS1/QRS2为1.2±0.2(1.0～1.9),其中16例(61.5%)两者之比≥1.2。4 例出现肢体导联低电压,3例出现完全性右束支传导阻滞,类右束支、左前分支、左后分支和室内传导阻滞各1 例,1例在aVF导联出现显著的T波电交替。结论:心电图中Epsilon波和右胸导联QRS间期延长,有助于诊断 ARVC。     

6例PCI术后支架内血栓形成患者的原因分析及防治

目的分析PCI术后支架内血栓形成的病理生理机制、影响因素及防治策略。方法回顾性分析2012年1-7月我院心内科冠心病住院患者行PCI术后6例发生支架内血栓的基础病史、好发部位及危险因素。结果2012年1～7月,我院心内科共完成PCI术570例,6例患者（男性5例,女性1例）术后发生急性支架内血栓2例,亚急性支架内血栓4例,发生率1．0％。6例患者根据临床特点均行冠脉造影术＋PCI术,其中1例术中发生低复流,冠脉内注人硝普钠、硝酸甘油、替罗非班,可见远段血栓影,予替罗非班强化治疗,出现心率、血压下降,予以临时起搏器治疗。术后6例患者均出现胸痛,除1例未予采集心电图外,其余5例心电图示相关血管支配的心肌sT段抬高。对临床高度疑诊患者均紧急行再次PCI术,其中4例造影证实支架内血栓（3例经血栓抽吸术后症状消失,TIMI达到3级,存活出院,1例因反复发生心力衰竭而最终死亡）,余2例突发胸痛来不及行PCI术而死于心跳骤停。结论支架内血栓形成与患者临床特点、病变因素、支架因素、介人手术相关因素、药物因素相关,急诊介入手术是治疗支架内血栓的首选。     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

冠状动脉介入策略中何时选择何种腔内影像学技术

冠状动脉造影是评估冠状动脉解剖学特征和指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的传统影像技术。然而, 其不能评估动脉壁、血管尺寸、斑块特征和支架置入结果。腔内成像(IVI)技术可提供血管壁结构、斑块病变和置入物等重要信息, 其辅助冠心病诊治的临床价值已得到广泛认可。通过准确评估斑块形态可识别斑块易损特征。在体确定急性冠脉综合征患者"罪犯"斑块并提供影像学特征, 精准指导个体化治疗。IVI指导PCI获益的证据日益增多, IVI可规划PCI手术策略、优化支架选择, 并提升手术成功率。对支架失败患者进行IVI检查可了解其潜在机制、制定后续治疗方案。不同IVI技术具有各自的优势和局限性, 未来各种迭代新技术、影像融合、人工智能融合技术会进入临床应用。     

心脏置入电子装置对三尖瓣功能的影响

目的探讨心脏置入电子装置术后对三尖瓣反流的影响因素及可能的发生机制。方法选取置入永久性心脏起搏器、置入式心脏除颤器、临床资料及随访心脏超声资料完整的患者共420例进行回顾性分析,根据术前心脏超声检查三尖瓣反流的程度将患者分为正常组316例与异常组104例,对2组及正常组中单腔起搏器、双腔起搏器、三腔起搏器、置入式心脏除颤器患者的临床资料及心脏超声资料进行比较,并行相关性分析。结果所有患者中,与术前三尖瓣反流面积(TR)/右心房面积(RA)比较,不同程度三尖瓣反流患者其术后TR/RA明显升高(P<0.01);与置入心脏再同步心律治疗比较,置入单腔、双腔起搏器患者术后TR/RA较术前TR/RA明显升高(P<0.01);与术前TR/RA比较,正常组不同程度三尖瓣反流患者术后TR/RA明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与0~12个月比较,13~24、25~36和≥37个月术后TR/RA明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);Spearman相关分析显示,术后三尖瓣反流程度与术前三尖瓣反流程度、置入起搏器时限、右心房内径、N末端B型钠尿肽呈正相关(r=0.405,P=0.005;r=0.246,P=0.005;r=0.144,P=0.043;r=0.153,P=0.028)。结论无论术前三尖瓣有无反流,心脏电子装置置入术后均可引起不同程度的三尖瓣反流。