75岁以上高龄患者心脏手术后重症监护医院感染分析

目的：调查重症监护病房高龄心脏手术患者术后医院感染及病原菌耐药性,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2012年10月,我院心脏外科75岁以上高龄患者术后医院感染临床资料,纸片扩散（K-B）法进行药敏实验。结果：2005年1月至2012年10月75岁以上高龄患者行开胸心脏手术1 361例,100例患者发生医院感染,感染率7.3%。合并糖尿病患者医院感染发生率显著高于非糖尿病患者;发生医院感染的高龄心脏手术患者住院时间、住院费用及病死率显著高于未发生医院感染的高龄患者。分离各种病原菌165株,其中呼吸道101株,占61.2%;血液29株,占17.6%;其他各类病原菌35株,占21.2%。革兰氏阴性菌中以鲍曼不动杆菌为主（20.6%）,革兰氏阳性菌中以表皮葡萄球菌为主（7.2%）,真菌中以白色假丝酵母菌为主（22.4%）。鲍曼不动杆菌显示多种药物为100%耐药。溶血性葡萄球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌显示多药耐药。呋喃妥因及万古霉素对革兰氏阳性球菌抗菌活性均为100%。结论：高龄心脏手术患者术后医院感染主要发生在呼吸道,耐药性逐渐增加,围手术期应合理使用抗菌药物,减轻患者负担,降低高龄患者住院病死率。     

部分左室切除术现状

心脏移植是公认的治疗晚期心衰的最有效方法，近些年，心室辅助装置也为治疗晚期心衰带来希望。目前，受到供体数量、花费较高及部分地区法律问题的限制，全世界每年心脏移植的例数仅在4000例左右。在美国胸外科学会1995年年会上，巴西Batista首次报告了运用部分左室切除术(PLV)(也称Batista术)治疗晚期心衰，收到了较好的疗效。     

子宫颈癌的雌,孕激素受体研究

本实验采用酶联亲和组织化学方法对135例子宫颈癌中 ER(雌激素受体)、PR(孕激素受体)进行了检测,并结合临床期别、病理组织学、发病年龄、月经等状况     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层围术期拔管时机的选择

目的 研究Stanford A型主动脉夹层（Stanford type A aortic dissection,AAD)术后患者,清醒肌力恢复即拔除气管插管与常规术后第一日清晨拔管后,对呼吸与循环系统的影响。方法 2018年9月1日至2019年4月1日,将北京安贞医院心脏外科因Stanford A型主动脉夹层入院手术,术后符合纳排标准的40例患者随机分为实验组和对照组2组,每组20例[年龄(岁) 47.7±13.4 vs. 51.3±12.7,p>0.05;男性65.0% vs. 70.0%,p>0.05],实验组为清醒肌力恢复即拔管,对照组为按常规处理术后第一日清晨拔除气管插管,观察分析二组患者的一般情况、机械通气时间、拔管后呼吸循环系统情况、呼吸系统并发症、监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）时间及住院时间等指标的变化。结果 比较2组,发现实验组机械通气（Mechanical ventilation,MV）时间[小时（hour,h）]较对照组明显缩短[6.9±4.3 vs. 15.2±6.9（p<0.05）],ICU时间（h）也有所减少[13.4±5.1 vs. 21.5±7.0（p<0.05）],拔管后2组氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）无明显差异,但实验组动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）于拔管后6h有所升高[48.6±23.7 vs. 40.1±20.4（p<0.05）],后期逐渐下降;循环指标如心率（heart rate,HR）、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）、左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction ,LVEF）等无明显差异;拔管后呼吸系统并发症发生率无明显差异。结论 对于Stanford A型主动脉夹层围术期患者,术后根据病情于清醒和肌力恢复后及时拔除气管插管,较传统于术后第一日清晨拔管,可明显缩短呼吸机辅助机械通气时间及ICU时间,但患者于拔管后早期PaCO2可短暂升高,循环系统指标及呼吸系统并发症2组无明显差异。     

成人心脏术后心源性休克患者接受体外膜肺氧合辅助的临床结果荟萃分析

目的本研究旨在通过检索相关文献,系统评价体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)对心脏术后心源性休克(PCS)患者的临床疗效。方法通过搜索PubMed,Embase及Cochrane Library for English等数据库查找PCS行ECMO患者的相关研究进行荟萃分析。结果最终选取14项观察性研究进行荟萃分析。接受ECMO的PCS患者的院内死亡率为66.0%(95%CI 61%～71%)。合并1年生存率为24%(95%CI 19%～30%)。合并中期生存率为19%(95%CI 10%～34%)。下肢缺血发生合并率为14%(95%CI 10%～20%)。二次手术发生合并率为44%(95%CI 21%～70%)。肾功能衰竭发生的合并率为49%(95%CI38%～61%)。神经系统并发症发生的合并率为18%(95%CI 11%～29%)。感染发生的合并率为23%(95%CI 16%～31%)。大部分纳入的研究表明,年龄65岁、ECMO前或ECMO后血乳酸值升高、肾功能不全、ECMO持续时间长以及神经系统并发症是接受ECMO治疗的PCS患者院内死亡的危险因素。结论接受ECMO治疗的PCS患者的短期和中期生存率较低,EC-MO并发症的发生率相对较高,许多危险因素与院内死亡率有关。     

基于德尔菲法确定《心脏外科人血白蛋白合理使用快速建议指南》的临床问题及结局指标

摘要：目的:人血白蛋白广泛用于心脏外科围手术期患者的综合管理中,但国内外缺乏相关指南及共识,课题组严格遵循指南制定规范,制定《心脏外科人血白蛋白合理使用快速建议指南》,旨在促进人血白蛋白的合理使用。方法:项目专家组各位专家通过三轮德尔菲法完成本指南临床问题及结局指标的确定。结果:第一轮共有3个临床问题与14个结局指标达成共识,补充了6个临床问题与1个结局指标;第三轮有10个临床问题与1个结局指标进一步达成共识。最终共有13个临床问题在本指南中必须形成推荐意见或说明（纳入）,4个临床问题需根据证据质量与专家共识决定是否形成推荐意见（待定）,形成14个关键结局,1个重要结局。结论:本研究通过三轮德尔菲法调查确定了需要纳入《心脏外科人血白蛋白合理使用快速建议指南》的临床问题与结局指标,为指南的后续制定工作奠定了良好的基础。     

等离子消融髓核成形术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理

总结22例腰椎间盘突出症病人行等离子消融髓核成形术的护理.等离子消融髓核成形术是近几年来新开展的一项微创技术,我院自2007年11月～2008年5月收治22例病人,通过实施心理护理、健康宣教,手术体位训练、轴式翻身,术后正确的体位护理和早期规范的功能锻炼等措施后,无一例护理并发症发生,出院随访1～6个月,治愈后疗效好,无复发,总有效率达95%.     

Ⅱ型轴流血泵的溶血试验研究

0 引言 左心辅助装置的主体-血泵的发展已有40年的历史.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.