如何给孩子选用止咳药

读者唐女士打来电话咨询,说她孩子4岁,小时候得过肺炎,一到冬天就容易咳嗽,一咳就是半个月。她想知道有没有比较好的治疗小儿咳嗽的药物,购买时该如何选择？我们请专家针对读者的问题做一解答。     

Clinical study on effect of Astragalus Injection (黄芪注射液) and its immuno-regulation action in treating chronic aplastic anemia

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Astragalus Injection(黄芪注射液,AI) and its immuno-regulatory action in treating chronic aplastic anemia(CAA).Methods:Sixty patients with CAA were randomly assigned to two groups equally,both were treated with Stanozolol three times a day,2 mg each time through oral intake,but AI was given additionally to the patients in the treated group once a day via intravenous dripping.All were treated for 15 days as one therapeutic course and the whole medication lasted for more than 4 months totally,with follow-up adopted.The clinical effi cacy was estimated and the changes of T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood as well as the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-2(IL-2) were observed.Results:The total effective rate in the treated group was 83.3%(25/30),which was higher than that in the control group 66.7%(20/30),showing significant difference between them(P<0.05).Levels of hemoglobin,WBC,reticular cell and platelet were elevated in both groups after treatment,but the improvement was signif icantly better in the treated group than that in the control group with respect to the former three indexes(P<0.05).The level of CD4 increased and that of CD8 decreased signifi cantly after treatment in the treated group(P<0.05),which showed significant difference as compared with those in the control group(P<0.05).Levels of serum TNF-α and IL-2 lowered after treatment in both groups,but signifi cance only showed in the treated group(P<0.05).The degree of proliferation in bone marrow got raised signifi cantly and the percentage of non-hemopoietic cells reduced signifi cantly in the treated group after treatment,also showing significant difference to those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:AI could promote the recovery of hemopoietic function,which might be through improving T-lymphocyte subsets and reducing the release of negative regulatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-2 to alleviate the inhibition on hemopoietic function.     

611例双胎孕妇羊水染色体核型结果分析

目的：分析双胎孕妇羊水细胞染色体核型结果。方法：2010年1月—2019年8月于广西医科大学第一附属医院行羊膜腔穿刺的309例双胎妊娠孕妇,抽取双胎羊水进行产前细胞遗传学诊断,分析双胎羊水染色体核型结果。结果：618例双胎羊水标本成功培养611例,培养成功率为98.87%。共检出染色体异常核型39例,检出率为6.38%,其中数目异常占17.95%（7/39）、结构异常43.59%（17/39）、嵌合体30.77%（12/39）和标记染色体7.69%（3/39）。染色体多态性18例,检出率为2.95%,涉及1、15、16、22、Y号染色体。结论：双胎孕妇通过羊水细胞培养进行染色体检查是双胎产前诊断的可靠方法,能有效减少双胎染色体异常患儿的出生。     

麻风病人循环免疫复合物对麻风杆菌抗原诱导的健康人淋巴细胞增殖反应的抑制作用

为了观察循环免疫复合物(如CICs)在抑制麻风杆菌诱导的淋巴细胞增殖反应方面是否起到了显著作用,作者进行了研究。 材料与方法:抗原采用犰狳来源的麻风杆菌(ML)的无细胞抽提物(CFE)和精制的纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)。用聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀麻风病人(TT/BT4例,BL/LL5例,ENL4例)血中的CICs,以4名健康的麻风实验工作者作对照。致敏的单个核细胞取自健康的     

呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗研制进展

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)疫苗研制已经历30多年,但至今仍无满意的疫苗可供预防RSV感染。近年来,RSV疫苗研制取得了较大的进展。减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和基因重组疫苗的研制,为RSV感染的疫苗防治提供了可能性。     

支气管哮喘儿童情绪问题现状及相关因素分析

目的 分析哮喘患儿存在的情绪问题及影响其发生的相关因素,为哮喘患儿的临床综合治疗和干预提供依据。方法 选取2017年5—12月在西安交通大学第二附属医院儿童哮喘门诊就诊8~16岁哮喘儿童70例,采用一般情况调查表、哮喘控制问卷(ACQ)、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRS)进行评估及分析。结果 哮喘儿童焦虑、抑郁障碍筛查阳性者各24、26例,检出率分别为34.3％、37.1%。焦虑、抑郁障碍得分独生子女组高于非独生子女组(t=2.986、3.125)、家庭关系不和谐组高于家庭关系和谐组(t=3.636、5.309)、哮喘控制不佳组高于哮喘控制佳组(t=2.743、2.086);哮喘未规范管理组抑郁障碍得分高于哮喘规范管理组(t=2.336),差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示:独生子女及哮喘控制程度是哮喘患儿焦虑障碍评分的主要因素(β=0.289、-0.423,P＜0.05);独生子女、家庭关系、哮喘控制程度是影响哮喘患儿抑郁障碍评分的主要因素(β=0.282、-0.283、-0.266,P＜0.05)。结论 哮喘儿童比同龄健康儿童更易出现焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,家庭成员及医护人员需要重视儿童情绪问题,提高其生活质量。     

肺炎患儿血清白细胞介素4测定及其临床意义初探

采用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对２８例小儿肺炎患儿和２０例健康幼儿对照测定血清中白细胞介素４（ＩＬ－４）含量，结果显示肺炎患儿血清ＩＬ－４较对照组明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），随着病情的加重ＩＬ－４水平也增高；伴有喘息与无喘息者之间有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示ＩＬ－４在小儿肺炎的抗感染免疫以及喘息的发病机理中发挥重要作用。     

中西医结合治疗颈腰神经根炎68例

中西医结合治疗颈腰神经根炎６８例侯伟胡兴山辽宁中医学院附属医院骨科（沈阳１１００３２）颈腰神经根炎，是指由颈椎病、急性颈椎间盘突出症及腰间盘突出症引起的急性神经根水肿、渗出、充血为主要炎症反应而出现的一组证候群。临床表现以急性颈腰疼痛及伴有上肢或下肢...     

雾霾天孩子哮喘发作怎么办

时值寒冬,我国北方许多地区陷入雾霾笼罩之中,雾霾天气可能会持续加重,由二氧化硫、氮氧化物和可吸入颗粒物组成的雾霾加上其中粘附的尘螨、花粉、病毒、细菌等有害物质都是哮喘急性发作的诱发因素.冬季雾霾天气如何防治儿童哮喘急性发作成为大家关注的问题.