18FDG PET-CT检测进展期食管癌淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的评价^18FDG PET-CT对进展期食管癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值及临床意义.方法随机选择拟行手术治疗的进展期食管癌患者30例,术前1周内行^18EDG PET-CT检查及CT增强扫描.根据术后病理结果,对比CT与PET-CT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值与准确性的差异.结果术后病理原发灶均为鳞状细胞癌,22例存在淋巴结转移.共切取淋巴结243个,病理确定的转移淋巴结49个,平均直径1.4 cm（0.3～2.8 cm）.CT确定的转移淋巴结26个,平均直径1.7 cm（1.1～2.8 cm）;敏感性和特异性分别为40.8%和96.9%,阳性预测值76.9%,阴性预测值86.6%,准确性85.6%.18FDG PET-CT确定淋巴结转移63个,平均直径1.5cm（0.8～2.8 cm）;敏感性和特异性分别为93.9%和91.2%,阳性预测值73.0%,阴性预测值98.3%,准确性91.9%.18FDG PET-CT的敏感性、阴性预测值、准确性均高于CT（P＜0.001、0.001、0.05）.结论18FDGPET-CT是检测进展期食管癌淋巴结转移的有用工具,可指导手术剖胸径路的选择、优化适形放疗计划,临床应用价值优于CT.     

肺部肿瘤PET/CT同机图像融合精度研究

目的探讨肺部肿瘤PETCT图像融合的精度及其影响因素,以及不同方法测定融合精度的差异。方法肺部肿瘤患者24例,行18F脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PETCT检查,共31个病灶。分别采用几何中心(COG)法及体积法测定PETCT同机图像融合精度,COG法测定病灶PET图像的COG与CT图像COG的距离,体积法测定病灶PET与CT图像融合部分体积占总体积的百分比(PPETCT),并按病灶的部位(左肺与右肺,上肺与下肺,肺顶区、周围区、中央区与肺底区)、体积(≤2cm3,21～99cm3,≥10cm3)进行分组比较。结果用COG法测定所有病灶的融合误差为(439±233)mm(100～868mm),用体积法测定融合精度为(3618±2266)%(0%～8053%)。按病灶部位分组,用COG法和体积法测量融合精度各组间差异均无显著性(P>005)。按病灶大小分组,用COG法测定融合精度各组间差异无显著性(P>005);用体积法测定,≤2cm3组最差,PPETCT为(1411±1064)%(P<001)。结论肺部病灶同机PETCT融合的偏差较小,但小病灶融合误差较大。测定融合精度宜联合应用COG法和体积法。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像监测胃癌术后复发转移的价值

Objective PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used to beth detect and stage a variety of malignancies. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for recurrence and metastasis in gastric carcinoma patients after total gastrectomy. Methods A total of 45 gastric carcinoma patients who underwent total gastrectomy were included. PET/CT scans were obtained for restaging. The " gold standard" of 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic accuracy was based on either histopathology or clinical follow-up. By using the t-test from SPSS 11.5, the cut-off of maximum standard-ized uptake values (SUVmax) from 18F-FDG to differentiate benign from malignant lesion at stomach were determined and calculated. Results (1) Of the 45 patients, 22 were suspicion recurrent lesion at stomach. Of the 22 patients, 12 were confirmed to have recurrent lesions. The diagnostic accuracy were 100.0% (12/ 12) for sensitivity, 70.0% (7/10) for specificity, and 86.4% (19/22) for accuracy, respectively. A higher SUVmax in malignant than benign lesion was noted (6.27 ± 3.42 vs 3.92 ± 2.24), though not reached to the significance (t = 1. 862, P > 0.05). (2) For extra-gastric lesion detection, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for region lymph nodes were 78.9% (15/19), 92.3% (24/26), and 86.7% (39/ 45), for peritoneal spreading were 6/9, 97.2% (35/36), 91. 1% (41/45), and for distant sites were 86.7%(13/15), 93.3% (28/30), 91.1% (41/45). (3) False positive were found in eight sites. All were either inflammatory or physiological uptake at intestine. False negative were found in nine sites. Either due to small in size (less than 1.0 cm in diameter), well differentiation of the tumor cell or with a nature of signet ring. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT had a potential to detect local, regional, and distant metastasis in gastric cancer.     

SPECT肺灌注显像在减轻非小细胞肺癌放射性肺损伤中的前瞻性研究

放射治疗是局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lungcaneer,NSCLC)重要的治疗手段,但治疗效果并不理想.Ⅲ期NSC[c单纯放疗的5年生存率仅5%左右,与化疗结合后5年生存率有所提高,但治愈率仍相当差,且绝大部分失败发生在照射野内.研究发现肺癌肿瘤局部控制率和生存率的提高与放疗剂量的增加密切相关[1],但是随着肿瘤放疗剂量的增加,必然增加放射性肺损伤的发生率和严重程度.SPECT(single photon emi～ion computed tomography,单光子发射断层扫描)肺灌注显像能反映区域肺组织的功能状况变化,可用于放疗计划的优化.本研究探讨SPECT肺灌注显像在减轻Ⅲ期NSCLC患者放射性肺损伤及其在放疗剂量提升方面的临床价值.     

自主呼吸控制在乳腺癌术后放疗中的应用研究

目的 探讨自主呼吸控制（ABC）技术在乳腺癌术后放疗中的意义.方法 对22例行保乳术的早期乳腺癌患者（10例左侧,12例右侧）行术后全乳放疗并配合使用ABC技术.对每例患者在自由呼吸（FB）和75%适度深吸气（mDIBH）状态下分别行CT扫描.治疗计划系统设计优化放疗计划,每例患者做2个计划,处方剂量1.8 Gy/次,25次.比较各计划全肺平均受量（MLD）、全肺接受20Gy的体积（V20）、患侧肺V20、左侧乳腺癌患者心脏V30和心脏平均受量（Dmean）等参数.结果 22例患者患侧肺V20,FB时平均为17.0%,mDIBH时平均为16.2%,降低0.8%（t=3.63,P=0.002）;FB时双肺V20平均为8.7%,mDIBH时平均为8.0%,降低0.6%（t=2.78,P=0.011）.10例左侧患者心脏V30,FB时平均为6.1%,mDIBH时平均为3.8%,降低2.3%（t=6.50,P＜0.01）;心脏Dmean由449.58cGy降为332.79cGy（t=5.94,P＜0.01）.结论 乳腺癌术后全乳切线放疗中配合ABC技术使用mDIBH方法控制呼吸不但可减少呼吸运动对乳腺靶区的影响,而且可减少肺和心脏受照体积和剂量,从而大大减轻了对肺和心脏的放射损伤.     

玻璃体切除联合内界膜翻转填塞治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的效果

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合内界膜翻转填塞对高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2019年2月至2020年1月于郑州市第二人民医院接受治疗且在该期间内完成6个月术后随访的52例(52只患眼)高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式分为对照组(玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除手术,27例)与观察组...