快速PCR-SSP-HLA-DRB分型与血清学分型的比较

为适应临床器官移植组织配型的要求，采用酚氯仿快速ＤＮＡ提取技术，建立起２．５小时完成的ＰＣＲＳＳＰＨＬＡＤＲＢ基因分型方法，并与血清学实验进行对照实验。结果显示，８５０份标本ＤＮＡ提取数量平均为１４．９μｇ，ＤＮＡ平均纯度为１．６；静脉血和腹腔血之间的ＨＬＡＤＲＢ１抗原频率无显著性差异，ＤＮＡ质量有显著性差异。结果表明此法具有快速、准确和适应腹腔血ＨＬＡＤＮＡ分型的优点     

ROC曲线评价数字化乳腺X线摄影、DCE-MRI对乳腺癌的诊断效能

目的:应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价数字化乳腺X线摄影、MRI及二者联合应用对乳腺癌的诊断效能。方法:回顾性分析42例乳腺癌和42例乳腺良性病变患者的临床及影像资料,均行X线及动态增强磁共振(dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging,DCE-MRI)检查。所得图像分为X线图像、MRI图像、联合图像3组,用5分法(肯定是、可能是、不确定、可能不是、肯定不是)对图像进行诊断,并分析3种方法检出率的ROC曲线及曲线下面积(Az)。结果:X线、DCE-MRI及二者联合应用分别诊断乳腺癌32、38、40例,分别诊断乳腺良性病变31、32、39例。X线诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为76.2%(32/42),特异度为73.8%(31/42);DCE-MRI敏感度为90.5%(38/42),特异度为76.2%(32/42);二者联合应用敏感度为95.2%(40/42),特异度为92.9%(39/42)。ROC曲线显示X线摄影与MRI图像联合应用所得曲线更靠近左上角,且Az值显著增大。结论:乳腺X线摄影与MRI诊断乳腺癌有一定价值,但二者联合应用诊断准确率最高,有助于乳腺癌的早期诊断。     

CT值分割技术在冠状动脉钙化性斑块研究中的应用

目的:初步探讨CT值分割技术在冠状动脉钙化性斑块中的应用及价值.方法:分析186例患者CT冠状动脉钙化积分扫描图像的冠状动脉钙化(CAC),测量每一斑块的平均CT值、钙化积分(AS)和体积(CV),按照CT值范围将每一斑块分割为130～199Hu、200～299Hu、300～399Hu及≥400Hu四个组成部分,计算每一部分所占比率(％),以此代表每一斑块组成的差异,即每部分构成.使用Spearman等级相关进行变量间相关性分析,使用秩和检验进行样本间差别的显著性检验,P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果:①每一钙化性斑块CT值分割后构成中除300～399 Hu与≥400 Hu这两部分之间差异无统计学意义外(P=0.19),其余各组成之间差别均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.001),且随着CT值的升高,各部分所占比率减少.②除CT值200～299Hu这部分组成以外其他各部分组成在不同性别及年龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).③除CT值200～299Hu部分组成与每一钙化性斑块体积之间无显著相关性以外,各部分组成与CT值、AS及CV之间均具有相关性.结论:以CT值分割技术分析钙化性斑块的组成有助于对每一钙化性斑块内部构成的理解,能为研究钙化性斑块的稳定性及其进展和消退提供依据.     

初教机飞行学员仪表视觉空间定向训练效果

探索提高飞行员仪表视觉空间定向能力的有效途径。采用计算机图形学原理和认知特征，在处长研制的仪表视觉空间定向仪上设计了７类仪表飞行状态模式，以此训练了２０名习行时间２３ｈ的初教机飞行学员，另外２０名飞行学员作对照组。经地面和空中飞行检测其训练效果     

微型探头监测精神负荷诱发的心肌缺血

为了确定精神应激与心肌缺血之间的关系，用微型探头γ心功能仪对１０例正常人及３０例冠心病（ＣＡＤ）患者进行精神应激试验及运动踏车试验，结果正常对照组于精神负荷状态下左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）由安静时５８．２％±９．８％，增至６３．８％±６．１％（Ｐ〈０．０１），运动试验ＬＶＥＦ增至６８．２％±１２．９％（Ｐ〈０．０１），而ＣＡＤ组中２８例患者精神应激状态下ＬＶＥＦ比对照组降低１２．９％±５．４％，持续     

急性颅脑损伤后纤溶功能障碍的临床研究

急性颅脑损伤后纤溶功能障碍的临床研究王晓姜德福笔者采用发色底物方法测定不同程度颅脑损伤患者伤后不同时期纤溶酶原激活物（ｔＰＡ）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性变化，探讨颅脑损伤后纤溶功能变化特点及临床意义．一、临床资料及方法急性颅脑损伤患者４０例...     

急性右下腹痛的B超诊断

急性右下腹痛是医院急诊病人的常见症状。对２０６例急性右下腹痛病人进行Ｂ超检查，包括急性盆腔炎，急性阑尾炎，输尿管结石，输卵管妊娠破裂，卵泡破裂，卵巢囊肿蒂扭转，阑尾粘液腺癌，腹腔淋巴结核合并感染，因阑尾炎的Ｂ超诊断报道较少，所以着重详细描述了各类型阑尾炎的声像图特征，报道的相关病例全部经手术及病理证实，认为Ｂ超检查对急性右下腹痛的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定的临床意义。     

检验飞行中飞行学员晕机反应的动态观察

晕机病是飞行学员首位身体停飞原因。为探索晕机病发生规律,改进预测选拔方法和建立飞行前抗晕机病训练方法,我们对检验飞行中飞行学员发生的晕机反应状况做了动态观察。 1 对象与方法 1.1 对象 初教-6飞行学员94名,男性,年龄19～21岁,各科体检飞行合格,1min30s     

体操运动员高蛋白低热量食品的研究

根据青少年体操运动员的需要，设计了一种食品配方，对此配方进行了营养分析、动物实验和体操运动员的试用，对以上测试结果进行简要讨论。     

低剂量CT肺动脉成像的实验研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of reduced radiation dose for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and the possible lowest radiation threshold by a phantom study.Methods The CT value difference between air within the trachea and the extracorporeal background region was measured in132 consecutive patients.A noise-measurement phantom and a pulmonary embolism (PE) phantom were made of phenol-formaldehyde, and both phantoms and a water phantom were scanned with standard and lower radiation doses as follow: 280, 200, 160, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 15, and 10 mA respectively, at a fixed voltage of 120 kVp.Standard and soft tissue algorithms were used to reconstruct the images.Three experienced doctors independendy evaluate the image quality and the efficiency of detecting PE of the images with various doses.The Pearson correlation analysis, two-tailed paired t test, ANOVA, and Kappa test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results The CT value difference between air within the trachea and the extracorpereal background region in 132 consecutive patients ranged from 20.00 to 55.00 HU, which had a positive correlation with weight[(64.99±11.86) kg], weight-height ratio [(38.71±6.13) kg/m], and BMI[(23.11±3.38) kg/m2](r=0.228,0.374,0.449 respectively; P <0.01).The image noise level with soft-tissue reconstruction algorithm[(16.55±9.08), (16.42±9.40) HU]was significantly lower than that of the image with standard reconstruction algorithm[(22.43±11.25),(21.99±11.67) HU](F=4.316, P < 0.05).The image noise level with soft-tissue reconstruction algorithm at 100 mA was similar to that of the images with standard reconstruction algorithm at 280 mA, and the signal-w-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the image of PE phantom was 23.05 and 20.52 respectively, without any impairment in detectability of embolus.The image noise level with soft-tissue reconstruction algorithm at 60 mA was similar to that of the image with standard reconstruction algorithm at 160 mA, while the SNR and CNR was 18.01 and 15.97 respectively, also with acceptable detectability of embolus.When the tube current was reduced below 30 mA, the image quality decreased significantly, with the SNR and CNR was lower than 12.36 and 10.95 respectively, and the detectability of embolus was degraded.The consistency of the image quality grading by 3 observers was excellent(K=0.807,0.712,0.904 ,respectively; P < 0.01).Conclusions The 100 mA may potentially be the ideal low dose tube current setting, with radiation dose only equal to 36% of 280 mA (standard dose).The 30 mA may possibly be a minimum radiation dose for detecting PE.The soft-tiasue reconstruction algorithm was favorable in preserving the SNR when the radiation dose was reduced.