贮尿囊壁外隧道作为输尿管抗反流方法的临床观察

目的：介绍一种抗反流可靠、吻合口狭窄发生率低的输尿管与贮尿囊再植新方法。方法：对17例可控性尿流改道患者采用双输尿管分别在W形贮尿囊壁外隧道或双输尿管末端合并为一根在U形贮尿囊或W形贮尿囊壁外隧道潜行3－4cm,然后与贮尿囊壁端侧吻合作为输尿管抗反流的方法行可控性尿流转向术;对3例回肠通道术后（Bricher术）患者采用保留原输尿管回肠吻合口、缩窄远端回肠后在贮尿囊壁外隧道潜行作为抗反流的方法行可控性尿流转向术。结果：贮尿囊造影示输尿管无反流;静脉肾盂造影示肾盂无积水,输尿管无扩张,蠕动良好。结论：贮尿囊壁外隧道是一种抗反流可靠、吻合口狭窄发生率低的输尿管与贮尿囊再植新方法。     

一起暴发宋内志贺茵食物中毒的流行病学及临床特征分析

目的 探讨某小学暴发的宋内志贺菌食物中毒大便培养阳性患儿的临床特征.方法 志贺菌监测、分离、鉴定依照<全国细菌性痢疾监测方案>,药敏试验采用K-B扩散法.共获得245份大便培养阳性病例完整的病例资料,其中男126例,女119例.结果 发热、呕吐、腹痛、寒颤、里急后重是多数患儿的首发症状,男生的腹泻次数与女生比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).血白细胞、中性细胞比例,中性细胞绝对值,低血钾,大便常规白细胞构成比、红细胞构成比、脓细胞阳性率、隐血阳性率,性别差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).女生大便常规中吞噬细胞阳性率高于男生(P<0.05).结论 宋内志贺菌感染多呈不典型发作,部分临床特征有性别差异.     

回肠壁外与腰大肌间隧道抗反流的回肠代输尿管术治疗长段输尿管狭窄(附7例报告)

目的:探讨一种新颖的抗反流技术在回肠代输尿管术治疗长段输尿管严重狭窄中的价值。方法:腹膜后纤维化所致长段输尿管狭窄和肾积水患者7例,其中双侧肾积水5例,单侧肾积水2例,均采用一段回肠替代双侧或单侧输尿管,输尿管与回肠作端侧吻合,并采用回肠壁外与腰大肌间隧道抗反流技术,固定段长3-4cm。结果:7例患者术后均恢复良好,随访8-36个月,术后3个月静脉尿路造影显示肾积水明显减轻,术后半年肾积水基本消失,血生化、电解质正常。结论:回肠替代输尿管时采用回肠壁外隧道抗反流技术是治疗输尿管长段狭窄的较好术式,具有操作简单、抗反流效果良好、术后并发症少等优点。     

前列腺导管腺癌临床病理和诊治特点分析

Objective To discuss the pathological and clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of prostatic duct adenocareinoma. Methods The clinical data of nine cases of prostatic duct adeno-carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, with the average age of 76 (59-106) years. Six cases were presented with dysuresia and/or nocturia, and two of them had the painless gross hematuria. Two pa-tients presented painless gross hematuria as the first symptom. One case was detected the elevated ser-um PSA in a routine healthy examination. Radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed in 1 case;RP and bilateral orchidectomy and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) were performed in 1 case;5 cases underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) combined with photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) by green laser and bilateral orchidectomy;1 case underwent TURP combined with PVP;1 case underwent bilateral orchidectomy combined with EBRT. Eight cases took flutamide for 3-45 months. All patients were followed-up according to the scheduled time. Results The op-erations were successfully performed in all 9 patients. The papillary or cauliflower-like tumors infiltra-ted colli culus seminalis and prostate duct nearby. The glands were coated with tall pseudostratified columnar cells. The nuclei were large, dark stained with more frequent mitoses. The positive rates of immunolabelling antibody PSA, AR, PAP were found to be 89%(8/9), 100%(5/5), 100%(5/5) re-spectively. The distribution of Gleason score was 6-7(3 cases), and≥8(6 cases), and a coexisting acinar carcinoma component was identified in 5 cases of the group. Nine cases had a mean follow up for 20(3-48) months. Five cases have developed biochemical recurrence, of whom 3 died of bone metas-tasis and multiple organ failure, and 1 developed lung and bone metastasis. Three cases remained alive without recurrence. The remaining 1 case survives during the follow-up survey for 6 months until now, without examinations due to the old age. Conclusions Duct adenocarcinoma of the prostate presents the low incidence and lacks of typical symptoms in the early stage. Diagnosis was confirmed mainly on the basis of pathology. The tumors tend to have a more advanced stage and a very short term survival rate. The treatment options and management are similar to that of high-grade adenocar-cinoma of the prostate;meanwhile, close follow-up survey should be performed.     

翁沥通治疗慢性前列腺炎:多中心随机双盲安慰剂对照试验

前列腺炎是泌尿科临床上最常见的炎症性疾病之一。高达25％～50％的男性曾经或正在受到前列腺炎的困扰[1]。我们通过多中心随机双盲安慰剂对照的方法，评估翁沥通治疗慢性前列腺炎的安全性和有效性。     

影响口腔黏膜尿道成形治疗复杂性尿道狭窄疗效的相关因素

目的：探讨口腔黏膜尿道成形治疗复杂性尿道狭窄影响疗效的相关因素。方法：对采用口腔黏膜替代尿道成形术76例患者的尿道狭窄位置与长度、口腔黏膜宽度、术前手术次数、支架管留置时间等与狭窄复发率进行单因素分析。结果：76例随访3～60个月,平均24．1个月,术后初期排尿通畅61例（80．3％）;再次狭窄15例,其中3例同时伴尿道皮肤瘘,4例伴尿道假性憩室。2例经数次尿道扩张、8例再次手术后排尿通畅,总成功率为93．4％。结论：尿道狭窄复发率与黏膜宽度明显相关（P〈0．05）。在0．8～2．0cm范围内口腔黏膜条越宽,尿道狭窄发生率越低;狭窄长度与术前手术次数对短期狭窄复发率无明显影响。     

基于信息熵理论正交试验优选荆防小儿口服液提取工艺

目的优选荆防小儿口服液的最佳提取工艺。方法以苦杏仁苷转移率、升麻素苷转移率、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷转移率、浸膏得率为评价指标,采用正交试验设计及信息熵理论考察加水量、提取时间对提取工艺的影响。结果荆防小儿口服液的最佳提取工艺条件为:加水量为10倍量,提取时间为1.0 h,回流提取2次。结论本研究优选出的提取工艺简单、稳定,可为荆防小儿口服液的工业化生产提供依据。     

复发性腹股沟斜疝临床体会

腹内脏器或组织经腹股沟管突出即为腹股沟斜疝，约占腹股沟疝的90％，是最常见的腹外疝。腹股沟管外环处出现可复性肿块是最重要的临床表现。斜疝不可能自愈，且可能发生嵌顿或绞窄，故应手术治疗。但一周岁以内的患儿，腹壁随生长发育，强度增高，有可能自愈，可暂缓手术。     

膀胱憩室癌19例诊治分析

目的 总结分析膀胱憩室癌的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年1月收治19例膀胱憩室癌,年龄51～83岁,平均67.4岁,术前均行超声、膀胱镜、静脉肾盂造影(IVU)和CT检查.5例浅表性膀胱憩室癌患者行经尿道绿激光肿瘤汽化术,10例浸润性膀胱憩室癌患者行膀胱部分切除术,4例外向性生长的膀胱憩室癌患者行根治性膀胱切除术.结果 术后8例患者出现膀胱肿瘤复发,复发时间为3～28个月(平均10.3个月),均再次行绿激光肿瘤汽化或根治性膀胱切除术.19例患者术后随访4～87个月(平均34.7个月),3例死于肿瘤全身转移,1例死于肾功能衰竭,其余15例(78.9%)无瘤生存.结论 膀胱憩室癌发病隐蔽,癌肿易侵犯膀胱外组织,早期诊治尤为重要.根据肿瘤的临床分期选择手术方式是提高疗效的关键.