Role of surgery in the treatment of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma who have a poor response to induction chemotherapy

Background

In instances of high-risk neuroblastoma that do not show a clinical response to induction therapy, whether it is worth performing surgical resection or not and whether gross total resection (GTR) is more important than subtotal resection (STR) remain controversial.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma aged 18 months or older at diagnosis. Primary tumor volumes were measured both at diagnosis and at the first tumor response evaluation (after 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy). If the tumor volume at the first response evaluation was > 50% of the initial tumor volume, the patient was categorized as a poor responder. Otherwise, the patient was categorized as a good responder. Only poor responders were included. Patients were evaluated for event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and complications of surgery based on extent of surgical intervention.

Results

Sixty-five patients were included in this study. The 41 patients who underwent surgical intervention had a higher 3-year OS than the 24 patients who had a biopsy only (55.4% ± 8.1% vs. 31.3% ± 10.2%, P = 0.02). However, there was limited improvement in 3-year EFS following surgical intervention. Three-year EFS rates of BX group (biopsy only) and OP group (surgical resection) were 24.2% ± 9.3% and 37.7% ± 7.9%, respectively (P = 0.063). The extent of resection had no impact on 3-year OS (P = 0.631) and 3-year EFS (P = 0.796). Patients in the GTR group trended to have more severe surgical complications than patients in the STR group (P = 0.105).

Conclusions

For high-risk neuroblastomas that do not show a clinical response to induction therapy, surgical resection is important in predicting outcome, but the extent of resection is not.     

病毒性脑炎患儿恢复期癫痫的临床表现及高危因素分析

目的 探讨病毒性脑炎患儿恢复期SEP危险因素,并评估预后.方法 对133例病毒性脑炎出院患儿进行随访,恢复期SEP患儿21例作为试验组,比较2组患儿的临床表现、脑脊液、头颅影像学及脑电图特点,分析恢复期SEP高危因素.结果 试验组癫痫发作次数、惊厥持续时间、癫痫持续状态、脑脊液HSV-1 IgG检出率、EEG中重度异常及恢复时间均高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.Logistic回归分析显示,癫痫发作次数、惊厥持续时间和EEG中重度异常及恢复时间为病毒性脑炎恢复期SEP的危险因素（P＜0.05）.结论 病毒性脑炎恢复期SEP的高危因素为急性期癫痫发作次数、惊厥持续时间和EEG中重度异常及恢复时间.     

Expression Characteristics of KAI1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Their Diagnostic Value for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background/Aims

We tried to investigate the expression characteristics of KAI1, a suppressor of wide-spectrum tumor metastasis, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most common angiogenesis factor, and then to analyze their diagnostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The protein and mRNA expression levels of KAI1 or VEGF in HCC tissues and in self-controlled para-carcinoma tissues were analyzed by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Serum levels of KAI1 and VEGF in the patients with HCC, benign liver disease or in healthy controls were quantitatively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The expression level of KAI1 was downregulated, while the expression level of VEGF was upregulated in the tissues or serum of the patients with HCC. The expression level of serum KAI1 in HCC patients was correlated with TNM staging, intrahepatic metastasis, lymph node or peritoneal metastasis, and portal vein thrombus. In addition to the factors that were correlated with KAI1 expression, VEGF expression was also closely related to the α-fetoprotein level of the patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the diagnosis of HCC was 0.907 for KAI1 and 0.779 for VEGF. The sensitivity of serum KAI1 levels in the diagnosis of HCC was 86.96%; the accuracy was 83.06%, while the sensitivity, the accuracy and the negative predictive value were improved to 91.86%, 84.68%, and 78.79% according to the combined detection of KAI1 and VEGF, respectively.

Conclusions

A combined detection of KAI1 and VEGF may greatly improve the efficiency of diagnosis and form a reliable panel of diagnostic markers for HCC.     

膜生物反应器的设计及运行优化

膜生物反应器(MBR)是集生物降解和膜分离于一体的高效的新型水处理技术。膜生物反应器运行的经济性及处理废水的效率决定于膜生物反应器设计及运行参数的的合理性。文章从膜生物反应器的设计及运行参数优化方面予以综述。     

污泥焚烧灰渣中重金属的检测和毒性分析

采用ICP-OES和原子荧光光度计分析了污泥及其焚烧灰渣中重金属的种类和浓度,并对灰渣中重金属的浸出毒性进行分析。结果表明污泥焚烧灰渣中重金属种类多、浓度高,可依据不同重金属的挥发性大小将污泥中重金属划分为极易挥发重金属、易挥发重金属、中等挥发重金属和难挥发重金属四大类,实际污染控制中应重点关注重金属Hg、As、Cd、Pb四种重金属的控制;同时,毒性浸出实验结果表明污泥焚烧之后灰渣中重金属稳定性得到极大提高,可直接进行填埋处理,但做建材使用时仍存在很大的浸出风险。     

Effects of Meal Size on the Release of GLP-1 and PYY After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Subjects With or Without Type 2 Diabetes

Changes in gastrointestinal peptide release may play an important role in improving glucose control and reducing body weight following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), but the impact of low caloric intake on gut peptide release post-surgery has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between low caloric intake and gut peptide release and how they were altered by RYGB. Obese females including ten normoglycemic (ON) and ten with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OD) were studied before, 1 week, and 3 months after RYGB. Nine lean, normoglycemic women were studied for comparison. Subjects were given three separate mixed meal challenges (MMCs; 75, 150, and 300 kcal). Plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) were analyzed. Prior to surgery, only minimal increases in GLP-1 and PYY were observed in response to the MMCs. After surgery, the peak GLP-1 concentration was progressively elevated in response to increasing meal sizes. The meal sizes had a statistically significant impact on elevation of GLP-1 incremental areas under the curve (ΔAUC) in both ON and OD at 1 week and 3 months post-surgery visits (p?<?0.05 for all comparisons). The PYY ?AUC was also significantly increased in a meal size-dependent manner in both ON and OD at both post-surgery visits (p?<?0.05 for all comparisons). Meal sizes as small as 75–300 kcal, which cause minimal stimulation in GLP-1 or PYY release in the subjects before RYGB, are sufficient to provide statistically significant, meal size-dependent increases in the peptides post-RYGB both acutely and after meaningful weight loss occurred.     

Clinical cohort study on renal pathological features and prognosis of type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients

Objective To analyze the relationship between renal pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients, and discuss predictive value of pathological type and indexes for renal function declining rate and related outcome events. Methods Ninety-two type 2 diabetes patients from PUMC Hospital (with macroalbuminuria and followed up no less than 6 months, excluding patients with non-diabetic renal disease) were divided into typical diabetic glomerulopathy group (DG, n=51) and atypical diabetes-related renal disease group(ADRD, n=41) according to renal pathological findings. A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate renal pathological features and prognosis. Results Total of 29 renal outcome events and 12 death events occurred in DG group and none in ADRD group; the survival rate and kidney survival rate are different between two groups (P＜0.05); DG group, thick GBM, severe vascular and tubular lesion are predicative indicators for renal outcome event; mesangial volume fraction is predicative indicator for renal outcome events independent of age and serum creatinine. Conclusions DG and ADRD patients have different prognosis and might undergo different pathophysiological mechanisms; renal pathological type and mesangial volume fraction could help predicting outcomes of type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.     

长春瑞滨化疗性静脉炎动物模型的建立

目的探讨建立长春瑞滨化疗性静脉炎动物模型适宜的给药浓度,为化疗性静脉炎的发生机制研究提供实验基础。方法选择实验用健康家兔28只,采用随机数字表法分为四组各7只。均于一侧耳缘静脉注药建模。第1组注射生理盐水10mL作为阴性对照,其余3组将长春瑞滨用10mL生理盐水溶解,分别按12.5mg/m2、25mg/m2和50mg/m2剂量注射。结果长春瑞滨组静脉炎症反应出现于注射后24h,48h左右表现最显著,约于1周恢复。25mg/m2组、50mg/m2组注射后48h有典型的静脉炎病理变化,50mg/m2组4只家兔分别于药物注射后第7～10天死亡,25mg/m2组家兔无死亡。结论参照人体用量采用长春瑞滨25mg/m2于家兔耳缘静脉化疗,能较好建立化疗性静脉炎动物模型。     

短板理论促进护理管理持续改善的实践

目的探讨运用短板理论进行护理管理体系重建和流程再造以达到促进护理管理持续改善的效果。方法运用精细化管理的ORTCC理论模型寻找医院护理管理体系中的短板,改善"目标、规则、训练、考核、文化"5个系统中存在系统化和细化的问题,重建医院护理管理体系,落实标准化护理工作流程和各护理岗位规范化工作程序,逐步实施同质化护理服务。结果管理前(2012年)和管理后(2013年)医院护理质量与安全管理年终考核平均分分别为89.40、93.10分,患者对护理工作满意率分别为88.74%、92.25%;护士对护理工作满意率分别为83.27%、91.12%。结论护理管理体系的最短木板是整体绩效的决定因素,补齐短板是提升整体绩效的关键要素,短板的存在和不断变化要求改善绩效必须是持续的,短板的加长赋予整体绩效改善以必然。