Airway foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy: experience with 1027 children during 2000–2008

Background  Foreign body aspiration (FBA) into the tracheobronchial tree is a common problem in children necessitating prompt recognition and management. This study aimed to report our experience in airway foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy in children. Methods  A total of 1027 patients with FBA were reviewed retrospectively. They were 626 boys and 401 girls aged from 5 months to 14 years with a median age of 17 months. The clinical manifestations, radiological findings, bronchoscopic findings and complications of the procedure were analyzed. Results  Among the patients, only 53.4% had a definite history of FBA. The most frequent symptom was paroxysmal cough (84.3%), followed by stridor or wheezing, fever and dyspnea. Chest X-ray showed emphysema in 68.8% of the patients, atelectasis in 13.3% and bronchopneumonia in 56.3%. A bronchoscope was inserted intranasally in most children, but through mouth and endotracheal tube in 17 and 3 children, respectively. Foreign bodies were removed successfully by flexible bronchoscopy with disposable grasping forceps or biopsy forceps in 938 (91.3%) of the patients. The other 89 patients turned to rigid bronchoscopy. During the procedures, 132 (12.9%) of the patients showed transient hypoxia, which was alleviated by oxygen supplement and/or temporary cessation of the procedure. A small amount of bleeding was found in 17 patients and bradycardia in 3. Air leak and laryngeal edema were noted in 2 patients and relieved within 24 hours. Conclusions  Flexible bronchoscopy is useful and safe in retrieving airway foreign bodies in children. With skilled personnel and perfect equipments, flexible bronchoscopy could be considered as the first choice for the removal of airway foreign body.     

纤维支气管镜检查在儿童慢性咳嗽中的诊断价值

目的：探讨和分析纤维支气管镜检查在诊断小儿慢性咳嗽中的应用价值。方法：2006年1月至2007年3月,对原因不明或常规治疗效果不佳的反复或持续性咳嗽时间超过1个月的慢性咳嗽患儿118例,男73例,女45例,年龄3个月至13岁,应用纤维支气管镜,在局部麻醉下进行病因检查和局部治疗。结果：118例患儿中有115例获病因诊断,最多见的原因依次为反复感染（39例）、支气管异物（19例,其中18例成功取出）、上呼吸道咳嗽综合征（17例）、支气管哮喘或咳嗽变异性哮喘(17例),其他较少见的有喉-气管-支气管软化、先天畸形、纤毛不动综合征等。结论：儿科开展纤维支气管镜术对儿童慢性咳嗽的病因诊断具有重要价值,是一种安全有效的检查方法。     

Polymorphisms in interleukin-15 gene on chromosome 4q31.2 are associated with psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese population

Through a series of linkage analyses in a large Chinese family cohort of psoriasis, we previously identified and confirmed a non-HLA psoriasis linkage locus PSORS9 within a small region at 4q31.2-32.1. Within the critical region of the PSORS9 locus, IL-15 has been long recognized as a strong candidate gene for psoriasis. In this study, we investigated the association between IL-15 genetic polymorphisms and psoriasis in a large Chinese sample. Highly significant evidence for association was identified at a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (g.96516A --> T) within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the IL-15 gene (P=0.00006, after correction for multiple testing). Haplotype analysis using the SNPs within the 3'UTR region also provided strong supporting evidence for association (P=0.00005), where we identified a haplotype of the 3'UTR region of IL-15 associated with increased risk to psoriasis (odds ratio=1.65). This association was also supported by the results of our expression activity analyses, where we demonstrated that the identified risk haplotype is associated with an increased activity of IL-15. Therefore, we provided early evidence for the important role of IL-15 genetic variants in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, probably by increasing interleukin production and inflammation in the lesions of psoriasis.     

双表型急性白血病免疫表型检测及其意义

目的 分析双表型急性白血病的免疫表型、临床疗效和预后情况。方法 采用流式细胞仪分析急性白血病的免疫表型,双表型急性白血病诊断依据EGIL标准。结果 双表型急性白血病构成比为6．2％,其中B系、髓系抗原共同表达的占66．7％,T系、髓系共同表达的占33．3％。CD34阳性率为44．4％;9例患中治疗完全缓解3例,部分缓解1例（11．1％）,总有效率44．4％。结论 免疫表型对双表型急性白血病诊断及预后有重要意义,以B系和髓系共同表达最常见,缓解率低,易复发;P170与BAL预后有关。     

医院女性职工运动健身认知和行为的抽样调查

目的 分析抽样人群有关适宜运动促进健康的认知对其日常体力活动行为的影响,探讨相庆的健康教育对策。方法 整体抽样180名医院女性职工,采用问卷调查有关体力活动的影响健康、适宜健身运动量的认知和日常体力活动量。结果 多数被调查对象明确认识到适宜的运动量可以促进健康。但被调查对象在工作中体力活动较少的情况下,企业运动锻炼的参与程度不够。其中40－60岁组的认知水平较青年组高,每周运动次数和每次运动时间也较青年组多。结论 调查对象有关运动健身的知识不能完全落实在自身行动上。建议在行为调整上给以技术指导,如合理安排运动锻炼时间和有关运动量控制的方法,加强青年人群运动促进健康的教育。     

全球首款疟疾疫苗的现场评价及应用前景

本文介绍了全球首款疟疾疫苗(RTS,S/AS01)最新现场试点研究中安全性、有效性和可操作性的评价结果,以及WHO专家组对该疫苗使用的建议,并对目标儿童疫苗接种率和全程率与降低发病率和死亡率指标的关系,以及对5岁以下儿童采用5剂以上季节性预防措施的科学依据等问题提出建议.     

TGFβ1抗体复合生物蛋白胶预防术后肌腱粘连

目的:研究TGFβ1抗体复合生物蛋白胶(FG)预防鞘管区屈肌腱粘连的作用和对肌腱愈合的影响.方法:将72只来亨鸡(leghorn)按随机化原则分为单纯TGFβ1抗体(TGFβ1 Ab)组、单纯生物蛋白胶(FG)组、TGFβ1抗体复合FG(TGFβ1 Ab FG)组及生理盐水(NS)组,每组各18只.分别将鸡左足第3,4趾趾深屈肌腱横断,作The 4-strand Cruciate repair缝合,在损伤周围注入药物.术后5 d行早期功能锻炼,在第1,3,8 wk处死取材,分别进行大体观察、组织学检查、生物力学测试.结果:TGFβ1 Ab复合FG组术后3,8 wk,缝合处粘连程度评分、肌腱滑动距离及模拟主动屈曲度均优于其余三组,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).四个处理组的最大抗断裂载荷差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:TGFβ1抗体复合生物蛋白胶可以有效预防术后肌腱粘连,不影响肌腱的正常愈合进程.     

61例感染性心内膜炎的诊断与治疗总结

目的 探讨感染性心内膜炎的诊断与外科治疗特点,分析外科治疗对术后短、中期疗效.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月～2008年4月期间61例感染性心内膜炎患者接受手术治疗的临床资料,总结外科治疗经验.结果 术后早期死亡4例(6.6%),术后随访6月～13年.出院患者死亡5例,其他生存患者中心功能Ⅱ级43例,Ⅲ级9例.结论 早期明确诊断、选择合适的手术时机及内、外科综合治疗是感染性心内膜炎成功治疗的关键.     

胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症1600例

目的 通过1600例临床观察,总结分析胶原酶化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床应用价值。方法 1994－10／1999－10采用硬膜外注射,部分采用盘内注射胶原酶300U治疗腰椎间盘突出症1600例。结果 1200例患者术后3－48mo随访,总有效率96.67％,优良率90.58%。结论 硬膜外注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症,安全创伤小、疗效满意。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障手术水法娩核与圈套器娩核方法的对比

目的:对比小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除手术中水法娩核及圈套器法娩核两种方法.方法:326例老年性白内障成熟期患者随机分成水法娩核及圈套器法娩核两组,观察对比两种娩核方法晶体核娩出操作时间、术中并发症及术后角膜水肿情况.结果:娩核操作时间:水法娩核组平均时间20s,圈套器组平均时间90s,水法娩核组手术并发症较少.术后角膜水肿情况:水法娩核组:0级97眼,1～4级82眼;圈套器组:0级39眼2～4级108眼.两组结果有明显差异(x2=24.28,p＜0.01).结论:水法娩核具有操作快速简便、组织损伤轻、术中并发症少、角膜水肿发生率低等优点,适用于基层医院开展大规模的白内障扫盲手术.