自体血管内皮祖细胞移植治疗高肺血流量肺动脉高压

目的 观察自体血管内皮祖细胞(EPCs)移植对高肺血流肺动脉高压(PAH)的治疗作用.方法 将30头实验幼猪随机分为3组,每组10头.假手术组(Sham组)仅开胸;对照组(Control组)行左胸后外侧切口,降主动脉与主肺动脉分流术;EPCs治疗组(EPCs组)手术操作同对照组,术后2周给予EPCs 2×10 7个细胞,颈静脉输入.术前与术后30 d,观察3组猪的肺动脉收缩压(PASP)、肺血管阻力(PVR),血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9、内皮素-1(ET-1)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8水平变化,以及肺组织p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)表达活性,肺动脉标本的组织学变化.结果 术后30 d,与Sham组比较,PASP、PVR、MMP-9、ET-1、IL-6、IL-8、p38MAPK在Control组[(6.63±1.20) kPa、(10.44 ±2.53) wood's U、(76.63±10.39) μg/L、(103.66±17.31) μg/L、(43.00 ±7.33) ng/L、(67.39±9.65) ng/L、3.63 ±0.33]和EPCs组[(4.07 ±0.77) kPa、(6.27±0.65) wood's U、(64.11 ±9.73) μg/L、(90.44±13.11) μg/L、(30.44±8.17) ng/L、(53.23±7.37) ng/L、1.73 ±0.37]明显升高(P＜0.01);EPCs组明显低于Control组(P＜0.05);肺组织病理学改变,Control组最为明显,EPCs组轻度改变,Sham组未见明显病理改变.结论 EPCs移植对高肺血流肺动脉高压具有治疗作用,其机制可能为抑制MMP-9、ET-1等致肺组织重构因素的水平,以及抑制肺动脉高压过程中的炎症损伤而发挥作用.     

Risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To identify the risk factors associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods We analyzed all of the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the dialysis center of the 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University for at least 3 months from Jan 1st, 2009 to Dec 31st, 2014. Baseline and yearly interval clinical data were recorded and patients were followed up until morbidity or death of CCVD. Cox proportional hazard regression and time-dependent Cox regression were used to estimate the relative risk of outcomes associated with clinical measurements. Results There were 243 patients enrolled in the study, with a mean age of (53.2±16.4) years old, and 138 of them were male (56.8%). The multivariate Cox proportional model revealed that age (HR=1.040, 95%CI: 1.015-1.065, P=0.002), Erythropoietin (EPO) dose (HR=0.914, 95%CI: 0.846-0.987, P=0.022) and history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (HR=4.045, 95%CI: 2.074-7.890, P＜0.001) were independent predictors of CCVD in MHD patients. After adjusting for baseline predictors, time-dependent serum phosphorus level (HR=1.722, 95%CI: 1.034-2.866, P=0.037) was significantly associated with CCVD. Conclusion Older age, decreases in EPO dose and history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were associated with increased risks of CCVD in MHD patients. Increase in serum phosphorus level was associated with increased risks of CCVD in a time-dependent manner.     

“J”状塑型双腔气管导管插管操作对成功率及术后声音嘶哑、咽喉痛的影响

目的 观察双腔气管导管(double-lumen endotracheal tube,DLT)塑型对插管成功率及术后声音嘶哑(声嘶)、咽喉痛的影响,从而为寻求更好的DLT塑型插管提供依据. 方法 择期全身麻醉下行胸科手术患者160例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,参照随机数字表法分成DLT插管塑型组和非塑型组(每组80例),两组根据左右DLT插管各分为两组(A、B、C、D组,每组40例),又根据性别再各分为两个亚组(A1、A2、B1、B2、C1、C2、D1、D2组,每组20例).两组均采用经口明视气管插管,塑型组采用塑成“J”状的DLT进行插管,非塑型组采用未经塑型保留原有弯度的DLT进行插管.观察DLT插管时间、插管尝试次数及插反情况,患者术后声嘶、咽喉痛发生率及严重程度. 结果 塑型组插管时间[(154±6)s]明显短于非塑型组[(185±13)s](P＜0.05);塑型组插管尝试次数[(1.4±0.4)次]明显少于非塑型组[(1.7±0.8)次](P＜0.05);塑型组插反情况(3次)明显比非塑型组少(11次)(P＜0.05),且与性别无关,但左DLT比右DLT易于插反(P＜0.05).患者术后声嘶发生率塑型组(15/80)明显低于非塑型组(33/80)(P＜0.05);患者术后咽喉痛发生率塑型组(15/80)明显低于非塑型组(31/80) (P＜0.05),且与性别有关,女性较男性术后易发生声嘶、咽喉痛. 结论 “J”状DLT塑型插管成功率高、刺激小,可降低患者术后声嘶、咽喉痛发生率,具有一定的临床推广意义.     

Evaluation of Intraductal Ultrasonography,Endoscopic Brush Cytology and K-ras,P53 Gene Mutation in the Early Diagnosis of Malignant Bile Duct Stricture

Background:In qualitative diagnosis of bile duct stenosis,single diagnostic measure is difficult to make a correct diagnosis,to combine several diagnostic techniques may be helpful to make an accurate ...