肾交感神经消融术临床研究进展

近期,肾交感神经消融术(catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation,RDN)的研究成果引起了介入放射学家、血管外科医师的兴趣,亦引起了学术界对肾交感神经在多种疾病发生发展中的用机制亦的重视.此技术不仅为多种以交感神经过度活化为特点的疾病提供了新的治疗方法,也为进一步了解此类疾病的病理生理学研究提供了机会.本文对该技术的研究现状、临床应用、禁忌证、操作步骤、疗效及并发症作一论述.     

Sensory neuronopathy involves the spinal cord and brachial plexus: a quantitative study employing multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM)

Introduction

Sensory neuronopathy (SNN) is a distinctive subtype of peripheral neuropathies, specifically targeting dorsal root ganglion (DRG). We utilized MRI to demonstrate the imaging characteristics of DRG, spinal cord (SC), and brachial plexus at C7 level in SNN.

Methods

We attempted multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) methods in nine patients with sensory neuronopathy and compared with those in 16 disease controls and 20 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent MRI for the measurement of DRG, posterior column (PC), lateral column, and spinal cord area (SCA) at C7 level. DRG diameters were obtained through its largest cross section, standardized by dividing sagittal diameter of mid-C7 vertebral canal. We also made comparisons of standardized anteroposterior diameter (APD) and left–right diameters of SC and PC in these groups. Signal intensity and diameter of C7 spinal nerve were assessed on TIRM.

Results

Compared to control groups, signal intensities of DRG and PC were higher in SNN patients when using MEDIC, but the standardized diameters were shorter in either DRG or PC. Abnormal PC signal intensities were identified in eight out of nine SNN patients (89 %) with MEDIC and five out of nine (56 %) with T2-weighted images. SCA, assessed with MEDIC, was smaller in SNN patients than in the other groups, with significant reduction of its standardized APD. C7 nerve root diameters, assessed with TIRM, were decreased in SNN patients.

Conclusion

MEDIC and TIRM sequences demonstrate increased signal intensities and decreased area of DRG and PC, and decreased diameter of nerve roots in patients with SNN, which can play a significant role in early diagnosis.     

Primary nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: imaging patterns on MR imaging

ObjectivesTo summarize the distinct imaging features of different subtypes of primary nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs).Materials and methodsClinical data and magnetic resonance imaging findings of 71 patients with histologically proven primary nasopharyngeal NHLs were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor distribution, signal intensity, lesion texture, contrast enhancement properties, extra-chamber involvement, regional structure invasion, and cervical lymphadenopathy were evaluated and compared between different subtypes of NHLs.ResultsOf the patients, 70.4% had B-cell lymphomas; 64.8% had symmetrical and diffuse involvement of nasopharynx walls; and 19.7% had superficial ulcerations. Extra-chamber involvement and regional structure invasion occurred in most patients. The frequency of neck node involvement was up to 83.10%; 62.7% of them were bilateral involvement. Patients with T-cell or nature killer/T-cell NHLs had a higher incidence of superficial ulcerations, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinus invasion than B-cell NHLs (P< .05). Patients with B-cell NHLs had a higher incidence of cervical lymphadenopathy specifically in Level VA and parotid region than T-cell or nature killer/T-cell (NK/T-cell) NHLs (P< .05).ConclusionPrimary nasopharyngeal NHLs had some characteristic imaging features and different subtypes of nasopharyngeal NHLs had some distinct imaging features.     

低温核供热堆辐射防护安全准则

作者提出了低温核供热堆辐射防护安全准则的建议，即①要求半径５０ｋｍ范围内加权人口不超过１０６；②禁区半径为２５０ｍ；③限制发展区半径２ｋｍ；④低温核供热堆正常运行期间，由于放射性向环境释放所致公众个人剂量（全身或有效）不应超过０．１ｍＳｖ／ａ，集体剂量不超过１００ｍａｎ·Ｓｖ／ａ；⑤低温核供热堆事故期间，公众个人剂量不超过５ｍＳｖ，集体剂量不超过１０００ｍａｎ·Ｓｖ；⑥低温核供热堆正常运行期间，放射性流出物（气体、液体）的释放量不应超过国标ＧＢ６２４９规定值的２／５；⑦热网水中的放射性活度不应超过０．３７Ｂｑ／Ｌ；⑧建议应急状态分为三级，即应急待命、厂房应急和场区应急。     

婴幼儿心内直视手术中应用环磷酸腺苷葡胺后血浆炎性细胞因子的变化

目的观察婴幼儿先心病患者在心内直视手术麻醉过程中应用环磷酸腺苷葡胺后血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的动态变化。方法选择实施心内直视手术的婴幼儿先心病患者40例,随机分为M-cAMP治疗组(A组)和对照组(B组)每组各20例,A组给予M-cAMP3 mg/kg,其中1 mg/kg于诱导前静脉注射,1 mg/kg稀释后输注至CPB开始,另1 mg/kg剂量加入预充液中经转机进入体内,B组给予等量生理盐水。分别于诱导前(T0)、主动脉开放后5 min(T1)、术毕(T2)、术后12 h(T3)采桡动脉血。结果40例婴幼儿先心病心内直视手术患者在转流前后开始CK-MB、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10均有不同程度的升高,A组与B组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论婴幼儿心内直视手术麻醉过程中应用环磷酸腺苷葡胺可降低CK-MB、TNF-α、IL-6的产生,提高IL-10的活性,改善术后心功能不全及感染。     

Study on changes of partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen and brain temperature in acute phase of severe head injury during mild hypothermia therapy

Ahighdeathrateofseverebraininjurieshasattractedmuchattention .Mildhypothermiatherapyandmonitoringbrainoxygenmetabolismandcerebralbloodflowhavebeendoneinmanyhospitals.Wimaretal1elucidatedthevalueofmonitoringbrainoxygeninseverebraininjuries.Butthemechanismofmildhypothermiaremainsunclear .Zhang2 reportedthatmildhypothermiatherapycouldrecoverthebrainoxygentonormal.Gupta3 usedanesthesiacoolingandobservedduringmildhypothermiathebrainoxygenwasdecreased .Wehavetreated 116patientswithseverebraininjuri…     

川芎嗪联合氨胍对糖尿病大鼠肾脏一氧化氮的影响

目的：探讨川芎嗪联合氨胍对糖尿病肾脏病变的保护作用及其机制。方法：用链脲佐菌素制作糖尿病大鼠模型，分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、川芎嗪治疗组、氨胍治疗组和川芎嗪联合氨胍治疗组，于第12周测定各组大鼠肾组织一氧化氮合酶的活性和一氧化氮含量。结果：川芎嗪联合氨胍治疗纪、川芎嗪治疗组、氨胍治疗组大鼠肾组织NOS活性显高于模型组(P＜0．01)，NO的含量增加(P＜0．01)。川芎嗪治疗组、氨胍治疗组NOS活性低于正常对照组(P＜0．01)，NO的合量降低(P＜0．01)；川芎嗪合氨基胍治疗组与正常组相比无差异。结论：川芎嗪联合氨基胍能够增强糖尿病大鼠肾组织NOS活性，增加NO的含量，从而对糖尿病性肾病起一定治疗作用。     

哈乐在良性前列腺增生伴急性尿潴留中的应用

目的 :探讨α1A肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂哈乐 (tamsulosin)对良性前列腺增生 (BPH)伴急性尿潴留病人的治疗作用。方法 :对 72例BPH伴急性尿潴留病人采用随机、对照研究 ,分为治疗组和对照组。病人均行保留导尿 ,口服抗生素治疗。治疗组加用哈乐 0 .4mg ,1次 /d ,连续服用 3次。 72h后拔除导尿管。　结果 :拔除导尿管后 4 4 % (32 / 72 )的病人能自行排尿。有效率治疗组为 6 1% (2 2 / 36 ) ,对照组为 2 8% (10 / 36 ) ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :对BPH伴急性尿潴留应用哈乐治疗 ,可提高早期拔除导尿管后病人自行排尿的成功率 ,且疗效与前列腺体积大小无关。     

胰腺癌细胞survivin表达RNAi抑制载体的构建及其抑制作用的研究

目的构建胰腺癌细胞生存蛋白（survivin）表达的RNA干扰（RNAi）抑制载体，并研究其对survivin表达的抑制作用。方法用免疫荧光技术和RT-PCR检测胰腺癌细胞PANC-1中survivin及其mRNA的表达，并把survivin基因克隆到T载体进行测序；构建针对survivin缺失碱基基因和survivin基因的RNAi载体si-svv-1和si—SVV-2，用脂质体转染胰腺癌细胞PANC-1后，用RT—PCR、DNA梯状电泳及流式细胞术分析比较2种干扰载体对survivin mRNA表达的抑制情况和检测细胞凋亡。结果survivin在胰腺癌细胞PANC-1中高表达；si—svv-2对survivin mRNA的表达抑制率达（72．43&#177;8．04）％，而si—svv-1为0；si—svv-2能诱导胰腺癌细胞PANC-1的凋亡，72h细胞凋亡率达（12．36&#177;1．44）％。结论本研究成功建立胰腺癌细胞survivin表达RNAi抑制载体，该载体可特异有效地抑制胰腺癌细胞PANC-1survivin的表达并诱导胰腺癌细胞PANC-1凋亡。     

可多华、戴芬联合治疗慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆底疼痛综合征

目的 探讨可多华和戴芬联合治疗慢性前列腺炎，慢性盆底疼痛综合征的疗效。方法 将123例慢性前列腺炎，慢性盆底疼痛综合征的患者，随机分成3组，即可多华组、戴芬组和可多华＋戴芬联合治疗组，每组均治疗12周。治疗前以及在治疗12周后分别检测慢性前列腺炎症状积分指数（NIH—CPSI）。结果 有115名患者完成了12周的治疗并最终接受评估，可多华组39例，NIH—CPSI总分由治疗前的24．1&#177;2．2下降到治疗后的18．51&#177;1．67，平均下降5．59分（23％）（P〈0．001）；戴芬组37例，NIH-CPSI总分由治疗前的23．95&#177;2．17下降到治疗后的18．14&#177;1．69，平均下降5．81（24％）（P〈0．001）；可多华＋戴芬组39例，NIH—CPSI总分由治疗前的23．82&#177;1．72下降到治疗后的16．77&#177;1．37，平均下降7．05分（30％）（P〈0．001）。结论 可多华、戴芬均能有效缓解慢性前列腺炎，慢性盆底疼痛综合征患者的症状，改善患者的生活质量，但可多华＋戴芬联合治疗组疗效优于单一治疗组。