常见骨软骨缺血性坏死的X线诊断

目的探讨X线检查在骨软骨缺血性坏死诊断中的价值。方法对40例骨软骨缺血性坏死患者的常规放射资料进行回顾性分析。结果X线诊断股骨头骨骺缺血性坏死5例;胫骨结节骨软骨炎12例;耻骨联合骨软骨炎7例;剥脱性骨软骨炎6例;跖骨头缺血坏死7例;骨梗死3例。所有患者均有典型的X线表现。结论常规X线对骨软骨缺血坏死中晚期诊断有重要价值。     

以培养学生实践能力为导向的生物医学实验教学改革

目的 探讨生物医学实验教学改革对教学质量和学生综合能力提高的成效.方法 通过对生物医学实验教学目的、教学内容、教学方法与手段以及考核评价方法改革,分析实验课程教学质量以及学生综合能力提高情况.结果 生物医学实验教学改革,培养学生实践胜任能力,激发学生学习主动性、提高学生批判思维能力和分析与解决问题的能力.结论 教学改革能有效落实以学生为中心的理念,提高学生的综合能力和人才培养的质量.     

The influence of the tibial plateau slopes on injury of the anterior cruciate ligament: a meta-analysis

Purpose

The purpose of this meta-analysis was (1) to examine the effect of the tibial plateau slopes (medial and lateral) on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and (2) to investigate gender differences between ACL-injured subjects and gender-matched controls.

Methods

The PubMed database was searched through to 1 November 2011 to identify studies that met pre-stated inclusion criteria. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. Two authors independently extracted information on the designs of the studies, the characteristics of the study participants, exposure and outcome assessments, and control for potential confounding factors. A meta-analysis was conducted, and either a fixed- or a random-effects model was used to calculate the overall weighted mean difference (WMD).

Results

Twelve studies (n = 1,871: 923 patients in the ACL-injured group and 938 patients in the control group) were included. The medial tibial plateau slope in the ACL group ranged from 1.8° ± 3.7° to 12.1° ± 3.3° while it ranged from 2.9° ± 2.8° to 9.5° ± 3° among the controls. The lateral tibial plateau slope in the ACL ranged from 1.8° ± 3.2° to 11.5° ± 3.5° and 0.3° ± 3.6° to 9° ± 4° in the control group. Statistically significant increased angles were observed in ACL-injured group compared to control group for medial tibial plateau slope (WMD, 1.1°; 95 % confidence interval, 0.5°–1.7°) and lateral tibial plateau slope (WMD, 1.8°; 95 % confidence interval, 1.3°–2.3°). Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis proved this to be a reliable result.

Conclusions

The current meta-analysis suggests that both, increased medial and lateral tibial plateau slopes, are associated with increased susceptibility to ACL injury regardless of gender. In addition, this study indicates a stronger evidence for lateral tibial plateau slope to be associated with ACL injury compared with medial tibial plateau slope due to the larger increased angle value and on the basis of consistency among the included studies.

Level of evidence

III.     

经皮空心加压螺纹钉治疗胫骨平台骨折30例报告

从1991年起我科采用X线电视机监视下,应用斯氏针撬拨复位,经皮空心加压螺纹钉固定治疗胫骨平台骨折30例。根据Schatzker分类,Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型20例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型2例,Ⅴ型2例。经过2～6年(平均2.5年)的随访,优良率为90％,本方法具有损伤轻,感染机会小,内固定确切。整个手术过程均在X线电视机下直接监视完成,是一种新的骨折固定方法。     

膝症状性骨关节炎335例临床分析

对335例膝骨关节炎(OA)临床分析结果显示:膝OA患病率随着增龄而增加,且病情也随之加重,部分可合并骨质疏松,并以女性多见。本组体块指数(BMI)平均值为26.1,有12％为肥胖,61％为超重。提示BMI过高是引起膝OA原因之一。以往临床不太重视的体征如骨摩擦音、骨关节肿胀等体征十分常见。因此,作好细致的体检,对提高本病的临床诊断有着重要意义。无论X线或MRI均可见病膝胫股关节的内侧部OA发生率较外侧部严重,可能与胫骨上端内翻、致承重线内移有关。MRI在显示关节结构以及早期诊断方面均优于X线。根据MRI特点可将膝OA分为三种类型,即①单纯型,②软组织型,③骨型。这将有利于提高对膝OA异质性的认识,达到治疗个体化的目的。     

氟烷和异氟醚对缺血再灌注心肌收缩功能和ATP含量的影响

目的与方法，利用大鼠离体心脏Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ灌注模型，研究氟和异氟醚对缺血再灌注心肌收缩功能和ＡＴＰ含量的影响，结果与结论：１．５ＭＡＣ的氟烷显著抑制了大鼠离体心肌收缩力，而１．５ＭＡＣ的异氟醚对大鼠离体心肌收缩力无显著影响，两经均显著增加了ＣＦ，但异氟醚增加了ＣＦ的作用大于氟烷。缺血期间，氟烷和异氟醚显著抑制了心肌缺血性挛缩，再灌注期间，两药均显著促进了缺血心肌收缩功能，ＣＦ和ＡＴＰ含量恢     

血液稀释在小儿心内直视手术中的应用

目的：３０例小儿心内直视手术以海脉素为心肺机预充液，搪塞血液稀释对小儿血球压积、血浆总蛋白、血小板及血浆电解质的影响。方法：３０例分为三组，血液稀释组（ＨＥＤ），稀释式自身输血ＨＡＴ），输库血组（ＳＢＴ），每组１０例，观察三组麻醉前、心肺转流１５ｍｉｎ，回输机器余血１５ｍｉｎ、术后２４ｈ和７２ｈ血球压积，血浆总蛋白 、血小板及血浆电解质变化。结果：心肺转流１５ｍｉｎＨＥＤ组和ＳＢＴ组呈中度、ＨＡＴ     

双额颞部开颅一次成型去大骨瓣减压术治疗双额叶脑挫裂伤临床研究

目的探讨双额颞部开颅一次成型去大骨瓣减压术治疗双额叶脑挫裂伤的临床效果。方法采用随机单盲对照法,治疗组在手术时整块去除骨瓣、结扎矢状窦并完全剪开大脑镰,对照组采用常规保留骨桥但不剪开大脑镰,观察治疗效果。结果治疗组恢复良好23例,中度残疾13例,重度残疾2例,植物生存3例,死亡6例;对照组恢复良好15例,中度残疾10例,重度残疾7例,植物生存6例,死亡8例,治疗组明显优于对照组(P0.05),且对中重度患者短期临床效果显著(P0.01)。结论该术式治疗双额叶脑挫裂伤患者症状的临床疗效肯定,安全且并发症少。